浙东白鹅海水养殖与淡水养殖对比试验

<正>浙东白鹅是我国优良地方品种,具有早期生长快、肉质鲜嫩、性成熟早、耐粗饲和抗病力强诸多优点,在近几年的畜牧业生产中脱颖而出,被市场与广大养殖户所认可。成年浙东白鹅母鹅每年8月至次年5月产蛋,一般有3~4个产蛋周期,年提供种蛋40枚左右。目前,浙东白鹅的养殖用水主要为淡水,而象山县地处半岛,淡水资源贫乏,人均淡水资源占有量仅为1752.5米3,低于全国人均2200米3的水平,一定程度上限制了浙东白鹅产业的发展。在浙江省全面启动"五     

土壤矿物吸附和土壤团聚体对土壤有机碳含量的影响研究

Soil organic carbon (SOC) can act as a sink or source of atmospheric carbon dioxide; therefore, it is important to understand the amount and composition of SOC in terrestrial ecosystems, the spatial variation in SOC, and the underlying mechanisms that stabilize SOC. In this study, density fractionation and acid hydrolysis were used to assess the spatial variation in SOC, the heavy fraction of organic carbon (HFOC), and the resistant organic carbon (ROC) in soils of the southern Hulunbeier region, northeastern China, and to identify the major factors that contribute to this variation. The results showed that as the contents of clay and silt particles (0--50 μm) increased, both methylene blue (MB) adsorption by soil minerals and microaggregate contents increased in the 0--20 and 20--40 cm soil layers (P < 0.05). Although varying with vegetation types, SOC, HFOC, and ROC contents increased significantly with the content of clay and silt particles, MB adsorption by soil minerals, and microaggregate content (P < 0.05), suggesting that soil texture, the MB adsorption by soil minerals and microaggregate abundance might be important factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of carbon contents in soils of the southern Hulunbeier region.     

淹水条件下FACE处理的水稻以及小麦秸秆的分解及产物

Winter wheat and rice straw produced under ambient and elevated CO2 in a China rice-wheat rotation free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment was mixed with a paddy soil at a rate of 10 g kg-1 (air-dried), and the mixture was incubated under flooded conditions at 25 ℃ to examine the differences in decomposition as well as the products of crop residues produced under elevated CO2. Results showed that the C/N ratio and the amount of soluble fraction in the amended rice straw grown under elevated CO2 (FR) were 9.8% and 73.1% greater, and the cellulose and lignin were 16.0% and 9.9% lesser than those of the amended rice straw grown under ambient CO2 (AR), respectively. Compared with those of the AR treatment, the CO2-C and CH4-C emissions in the FR treatment for 25 d were increased by 7.9% and 25.0%, respectively; a higher ratio of CH4 to CO2 emissions induced by straw in the FR treatment was also observed. In contrast, in the treatments with winter wheat straw, the CO2-C and CH4-C productions, the ratio of straw-induced CH4 to CO2 emissions, and the straw composition were not significantly affected by elevated CO2, except for an 8.0% decrease in total N and a 9.7% increase in C/N ratio in the wheat straw grown under elevated CO2. Correlation analysis showed that the net CO2-C and CH4-C emissions from straw and the ratio of straw-induced CH4 to CO2 emissions were all exponentially related to the amount of soluble fraction in the amended straw (P < 0.05). These indicated that under flooded conditions, the turnover and CH4 emission from crop straw incorporated into soil were dependent on the effect of elevated CO2 on straw composition, and varied with crop species. Incorporation of rice straw grown under elevated CO2 would stimulate CH4 emission from flooded rice fields, whereas winter wheat straw grown under elevated CO2 had no effect on CH4 emission.     

高密度二氧化碳对牛初乳的杀菌效果及对理化性质影响

高密度二氧化碳（DPCD）杀菌技术是目前越来越受关注的非热杀菌技术之一。本文研究了20 MPa、37℃条件下DPCD对牛初乳的杀菌效果。并探讨了经过处理后牛初乳粒度、黏度、色泽、pH值等的变化。结果表明在20 MPa、37℃的DPCD处理30 min以上条件能较好地杀灭牛初乳中的细菌,同时牛初乳发生了色泽变亮、粒度增大、黏度和pH值均降低等变化。     

血红素补铁剂对断奶仔猪生长和抗病性能的影响

铁是动物必需的微量元素之一．在猪体内可以作为氧和二氧化碳的载体。参与氧的运输、交换、组织呼吸过程。饲料中缺铁将影响动物机体代谢．仔猪出现贫血症状。严重者3-4周龄死亡。畜牧生产中通常在饲料中补铁或给初生2～3日龄的仔猪注射铁剂．但由于大多数无机补铁剂吸收差．同时还容易与饲料中其他必需微量元素产生拮抗．影响矿物质营养元素的吸收平衡,因此开发新型有机补铁剂有着重要的意义。     

尼罗罗非鱼、南美白对虾、菲律宾蛤仔海水池塘立体生态养殖

近年来,由于受对虾白斑病的危害,单一进行虾类养殖成功的几率很少。实践证明,在池塘中进行尼罗罗非鱼、南美白对虾、菲律宾蛤仔立体生态综合养殖,可起到生态互利、防病稳产的作用,具有效果好,效益高的特点。     

倒藻

所谓"倒藻",是养殖水体中藻类大量死亡,导致水色骤然变清、变浊(有黄浊、白浊和粉绿色的混浊之分),甚至变红的一种现象。发生"倒藻"时,首先溶解氧会下降,二氧化碳会增加,使pH值迅速下降;其次,大量的死藻分解,会加大耗氧外,还会产生氨氮和亚硝酸盐;第三,水中的原生物会大量繁殖,反过来抑制藻类的生长。     

不同捕捞策略对海水青鳉不同发育阶段生长的影响

以海洋模式物种—海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)为研究对象, 设置了 90%大个体捕捞(H-B)、90%随机捕捞 (H-R)、75%大个体捕捞(M-B)、75%随机捕捞(M-R)、50%大个体捕捞(L-B)、50%随机捕捞(L-R)、75%小个体捕捞 (M-S) 7 种捕捞策略处理组, 用以研究海水青鳉的生长特征在不同捕捞策略、不同世代(F1、F2 和 F3)之间的差异。 结果表明, 同代际不同捕捞策略条件下, 海水青鳉卵径和仔鱼全长呈极显著性差异(P＜0.01); 不同代际间, 高强度捕捞处理组(90%捕捞策略) 卵径增大, 低强度捕捞处理组(50%捕捞策略)卵径变小, 但不同世代对下一代鱼卵的孵化率和存活率影响较小。不同代际间, 低强度捕捞处理组在幼鱼时期增长率高于其余处理组; 同代际间仔鱼发育阶段, 高强度捕捞处理组生长迅速, 前期增长率明显高于后期, 其在仔幼鱼阶段其增长率低。随着外界捕捞压力的增加, 同代际间高强度捕捞处理组瞬时增长率最低; 低强度大个体捕捞策略组瞬时增长率在代际间较稳定。与现阶段捕捞策略相同, 高强度大个体捕捞会导致鱼类生物学性状在 3 代中产生极大差异。因此本研究通过模拟不同捕捞策略探讨鱼类发生的生物学性状变化, 旨在为预测鱼类进化趋势的深入研究提供依据。     

二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定养殖海水中六价铬几种条件比较

通过标准曲线、定量限、准确度、精密度和加标回收率等试验比较不同条件对二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定养殖海水中六价铬含量的试验结果的影响.结果显示:从定量限、准确度、精密度和加标回收率等角度综合考虑,3种曲线配制基底、4种显色剂及除磷酸、盐酸、高氯酸和醋酸以外的4种酸体系的使用都可以很好地满足试验要求,准确度高,重现性好.但从操作简单和经济环保方面考虑,以水配制标准曲线的方式及含乙醇显色剂的应用更加适用于养殖海水中六价铬测定,值得推广使用.     

近年秦皇岛市海水入侵分析及现状探讨

基于秦皇岛市近年海水入侵状况监测,分析2015-2019年海水入侵中氯离子和矿物质的变化趋势及其变化机制,进而探讨近年秦皇岛海水入侵现状。结果表明海水入侵区的矿物质变化主要受降水的影响,过渡带、未入侵区的矿物质受降水的影响小。