高梁不育系Tx3197A减数分裂中染色体行为

以Ｔｘ３１９７Ｂ和晋粱５号为对照，对Ｔｘ３１９７Ａ进行了观察。结果发现，减数分裂前期Ⅰ和中期Ⅰ无明显异常。自后期Ⅰ开始，染色体行为出现了多类型的异常现象，导致减数分裂不能正常进行，无法形成花粉粒，从而产生雄性不育。     

配送中心线路优化方法的探讨

基于目前配送中心线路优化的各种方法,根据实际情况对上述算法进行分析和比较,并针对模拟退火法、遗传算法在配送线路优化问题中的具体应用,提出不同情形下的求解策略。     

棉花枯、黄萎病菌营养亲和性研究进展

介绍了棉花枯、黄萎病菌营养亲和性研究方法和营养体亲和群研究,并着重总结了利用营养亲和群结合DNA多态性技术,研究尖孢镰刀菌(FusariumoxysporumSchlechtend:Fr)专化型、生理小种、亲和群之间的关系,以及棉花黄萎病菌(VerticilliumdahliaeKleb.)亲和群与致病型关系的研究进展。     

非线性方程组拟牛顿法中线性搜索的一种改进

改进了Ｇｒｉｅｗａｎｋ（１９８６）提出了关于求解非线性方程组的一种线性搜索方式。在理论上保证了线性搜索的实现,使得算法是适定的,而且,在改进的线性搜索条件下,Ｂｒｏｙｄｅｎ算法仍具有全局收敛性和局部超线性收敛性。     

陆地棉核雄性不育材料在山东不同地区的育性转变及应用研究

对在山东的济南、平度、莱西、烟台种植的几种陆地棉（Ｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｕｍ　ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍＬ．）核雄性不育材料的育性表现进行了研究,结果表明：洞Ａ不育系的衍生材料ＭＢ、ＭＡ在不同气候条件下有育性的变化。在济南高度不育,可作为不育系。在其他几个地区表现不同程度的可育。其中ＭＢ在平度有相当好的育性,能正常结铃。而双隐性核不育材料５９Ａ、６２Ａ未能观察到育性变化。本文就核不育材料在棉花杂交制种中的应用前景及需深入研究的问题作了探讨。     

转基因八棱海棠与苹果品种亲和性的微嫁接早期鉴定

用微嫁接法鉴定嫁接亲和性的结果表明,不同培养基和培养方法对嫁接成活率和生根率有较大影响,生根 愈伤同步的方法可以同时获得较高的嫁接成活率和生根率。转番茄铁载体蛋白基因八棱海棠(Malus micromalus)与 苹果(Malus pumila)品种富士,嘎拉以及新红星嫁接成活率分别为93.33％,92.86％,73.34％。嫁接后15 d左右,接穗 新叶开始生长;嫁接后2个月,嫁接苗移栽成活率分别为73.07％,73.91％和55％;移栽后3个月,3种嫁接苗的茎杆 粗度均匀,无大小脚现象。初步结果显示,转基因八棱海棠与富士、嘎拉均具良好的嫁接亲和性,而与新红星的嫁接 亲和性稍差。     

黄瓜抗霜霉病异源易位系CT201的筛选与鉴定

 将栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’ (Cucumis sativus L. , 2n = 14) 与Cucum is属双二倍体新种C. hytivus (2n = 38) 回交, 随后自交。通过霜霉病田间接种试验筛选, 从中发现抗霜霉病单株HH12825。将HH12825与C. hytivus的原始亲本‘北京截头’和野生种C. hystrix进行农艺性状对比观察, 发现此单株在叶面积、节长、果长×果径等方面介于栽培黄瓜和野生种之间, 在侧枝数、果刺颜色等方面偏向野生种。观察其花粉母细胞减数分裂过程, 发现其PMC中期Ⅰ多价体频率(56% ±8% ) 和后期Ⅰ二价体分离滞后率(72% ±5% ) 都较高, 具有染色体易位的细胞学特征。进一步利用RAPD分子标记分析, 结果在40个随机引物中找到了两个引物( E219: ACGGCGTATG和A I220: CCTGTTCCCT) 能够在HH12825中重复地扩增出原始亲本野生种C. hystrix特异DNA片断, 从分子水平上证明了其为黄瓜异源易位系, 并把此易位系命名为CT201。     

Physiological Races and Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Isolated from Crisphead Lettuce in Japan

One hundred and sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae obtained from 85 fields in three crisphead lettuce-producing areas in Nagano Prefecture, Japan were typed for races using differential cultivars Patriot, Banchu Red Fire and Costa Rica No. 4. They were also grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) using complementation tests with nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Two California strains reported as F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, a type culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from crisphead lettuce were included for comparison. Among Nagano isolates, 66 isolates were identified as race 1, and 50 as race 2. Race 1 strains derived from Shiojiri and Komoro cities and race 2 from Kawakami village and Komoro city. All isolates of race 2 were biotin auxotrophs, and the race could be distinguished based on its requirement for biotin on minimal nitrate agar medium (MM). Pathogenic isolates were classified into two VCGs and three heterokaryon self-incompatible isolates. Strong correlations were found between race and VCG. All the race 1 strains were assigned to VCG 1 except self-incompatible isolates, and all the race 2 strains to VCG 2. The 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum were incompatible with VCG 1 and VCG 2. California strains was vegetatively compatible with VCG 1, and they were assigned to race 1. Based on vegetative compatibility, these two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae may be genetically distinct, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 is identical to F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum. Received 7 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002     

Pathogenicity and Virulence of the Two Dutch VCGs of Verticillium dahliae to Woody Ornamentals

Two experiments were performed in two consecutive years to test whether isolates of different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) differ in their ability to cause disease in woody ornamentals, to study the host specificity of the isolates and to get an insight into disease development in woody hosts. A range of woody ornamental plant species, including Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Catalpa bignonioides, Cotinus coggygria, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa canina, Syringa vulgaris and Tilia cordata, were root-dip inoculated with six isolates of Verticillium dahliae, belonging to the two VCGs that occur in the Netherlands (VCG NL-1 and VCG NL-2). Isolates belonging to each VCG caused severe symptoms of verticillium wilt in most plant species tested. Disease progress differed between plant species, but was generally the same for the two VCGs. No overall differences in virulence were observed between the two VCGs for external wilt symptoms, number of dead plants, or shoot length. No significant VCG × plant species interactions were present for these characteristics. However, isolates of VCG NL-1 caused more vascular discolouration than did isolates of VCG NL-2. Isolates within VCGs often differed considerably in their virulence to certain hosts, as shown by highly significant isolate × plant species interactions. Isolates were more virulent on their original host. These findings imply that VCG identification does not contribute to disease prediction for a range of woody hosts.     

十种常用农药与球孢白僵菌的生物学相容性

球孢白僵菌孢子粉与10种常用农药相容性的测定结果显示,随着孢子浓度上升,所试农药对孢子的抑制作用均有不同程度的增强。在1/10田间常规使用浓度下,百菌清和代森锰锌均能抑制或杀死孢子(萌发率<1％)。除阿维菌素外,所有杀虫剂均与白僵菌孢子相容,在常规使用浓度的10倍稀释液中孢子萌发率达90％以上。吡虫啉、蚜虱灵、灭多威和氟虫腈与孢子的相容性最好,其中吡虫啉和蚜虱灵对孢子萌发率的影响不明显随药剂浓度的变化而变化,即使在田间常规使用浓度下孢子萌发率也在95％以上,而阿维菌素与白僵菌的相容性极差。因此,应用白僵菌制剂防治害虫,选择生物学相容性好的农药以低剂量与白僵菌制剂混用,既可使菌剂增效,又可大幅度降低化学药剂用量。