糯性普通小麦的选育及其淀粉品质

普通小麦胚乳淀粉一般由20%~30%的直链淀粉和70%~80%的支链淀粉组成。在自然界,大多数禾谷类作物,如玉米、水稻、高粱等均存在直链淀粉含量几乎为0的糯性类型。普通小麦是异源六倍体,迄今为止尚未发现自然界存在糯性小麦。由于小麦淀粉的构成及品质与面条品质关系密切,在发达国     

糯性春小麦杂交早代的基因型鉴定与筛选

为筛选出糯性小麦材料,研究糯性小麦籽粒的出现频率,明确各分离群体的Wx基因型,使筛选的糯性与非糯性材料呈现出表现型与基因型的统一,以生产上大面积推广应用的普通小麦品种克旱16、克春5号为母本,糯性小麦品种宁糯1号、南农09P18为父本4个杂交组合的F2代分离群体为研究对象,以半籽粒碘染色与分子检测法为研究手段,对F2分离群体进行糯与非糯性材料鉴定与筛选。结果表明:组合克旱16/宁糯1号、克春5号/宁糯1号、克旱16/南农09P18、克春5号/南农09P18糯性小麦的出现频率分别为1.1%、1.4%、1.4%、1.3%;从4个组合的F2群体100个单株中筛选到了共11株Waxy基因全缺型的植株,与碘染色结果一致。     

胜利原油粘温特性的实验研究

长输管道内的油流具有复杂的热历史和剪切历史，从相似性上说，只有管路试验才有可能对其进行模拟，利用管流试验装置对胜利原油进行了四个方面的研究，包括管流条件下的粘温关系，降温速率的影响，重复热处理的影响以及管径影响等，研究表明，降温速率对反常点以后的粘温特性有较大影响，密闭条件下进行重复热处理对油品特性几乎没有影响，管径不同，导致历史不同，因而影响低温油品的特性。     

发酵糯玉米粘豆包的优选乳杆菌鉴定筛选

本试验以具有地方特色的糯玉米为原料,发酵制作粘豆包为基础,研究了糯玉米发酵过程中酸和乳杆菌数量的变化,并从中分离得到优势乳酸菌。通过显微镜检、菌落培养特征及部分生理生化特征的观察对其进行鉴定为植物乳杆菌,并对菌株的生长特性和产酸特性进行了初步研究。     

糯质光温敏核不育系嘉农wxS1的选育及应用

用0.35kGy60Co-γ射线辐照诱变光温敏核不育系SE21S干种子约0.5 kg,于M2带胚糙米群体获得糯质基因突变体SE21wxS,通过M3-M4种植、筛选、鉴定,育成糯质光温敏核不育系嘉农wxS1。除胚乳性状差异显著外,嘉农wxS1与SE21S具有相同的生育期,十分相似的农艺性状、穗部性状、花器性状、花粉不育特性、育性转换特性和配合力。嘉农wxS1于2004年10月通过福建省技术成果鉴定,利用其配制的杂交糯稻组合嘉糯两优2号(嘉农wxS1/明恢86wxR)与原杂交稻两优2186(SE21S/明恢86)具有相同的生育期,十分相似的农艺性状、产量潜力和适应性。     

含蜡原油蜡沉积影响因素对比试验

为探究不同蜡沉积因素对大庆原油结蜡规律的影响,采用单一变量法,控制不同的结蜡时间、油壁温差、温度区间、剪切速率等影响因素,利用某新型动态蜡沉积试验装置对大庆原油进行蜡沉积对比试验。结果表明:当剪切速率一定时,随着结蜡时间延长,蜡沉积量逐渐增多,蜡沉积速率逐渐降低;当结蜡筒壁温度不变且在析蜡点以下时,随着油温的升高,蜡沉积量逐渐增大;当油壁温差保持不变且温度区间逐渐上升时,蜡沉积量逐渐减小;剪切应力与剪切剥离蜡量并非线性关系,当剪切力达到某一临界值时,蜡沉积层会被油流冲刷下来。研究结果可为未来含蜡原油管道的输送提供借鉴与技术支持。     

Weakened carbon and nitrogen metabolisms under post-silking heat stress reduce the yield and dry matter accumulation in waxy maize

Post-silking high temperature is one of the abiotic factors that affects waxy maize(Zea mays L. sinensis Kulesh) growth in southern China. We conducted a pot trial in 2016–2017 to study the effects of post-silking daytime heat stress(35°C) on the activities of enzymes involved in leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolisms and leaf reactive oxygen species(ROS) and water contents. This study could improve our understanding on dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain yield production. Results indicated that decreased grain number and weight under heat stress led to yield loss, which decreased by 20.8 and 20.0% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. High temperature reduced post-silking dry matter accumulation(16.1 and 29.5% in 2016 and 2017, respectively) and promoted translocation of pre-silking photoassimilates stored in vegetative organs, especially in leaf. The lower leaf water content and chlorophyll SPAD value, and higher ROS(H_2O_2 and O_2~-·) content under heat stress conditions indicated accelerated senescent rate. The weak activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPCase), Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase(Ru BPCase), nitrate reductase(NR), and glutamine synthase(GS) indicated that leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolisms were suppressed when the plants suffered from a high temperature during grain filling. Correlation analysis results indicated that the reduced grain yield was mainly caused by the decreased leaf water content, weakened NR activity, and increased H_2O_2 content. The increased accumulation of grain weight and post-silking dry matter and the reduced translocation amount in leaf was mainly due to the increased chlorophyll SPAD value and NR activity. Reduced PEPCase and Ru BPCase activities did not affect dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain yield. In conclusion, post-silking heat stress down-regulated the leaf NR and GS activities, increased the leafwater loss rate, increased ROS generation, and induced pre-silking carbohydrate translocation. However, it reduced the post-silking direct photoassimilate deposition, ultimately, leading to grain yield loss.     

水稻糯质基因对产量构成性状的影响

利用3对糯与非糯近等基因系研究了糯质基因(wx)对产量构成性状的影响。3对糯与非糯品系均仅具有千粒谷重这一产量构成性状有极显著的差异,糯稻比非糯稻降低7.3—9.7%,降低的原因并非由于谷粒体积的减小而是由于糙米粒重和谷粒比重的降低。糯稻与非糯稻具有相同的同化产物库容,但由于灌浆不充实,米粒较小,导致糯稻谷壳内余留较     

模拟酸雨下稀土元素铈对糯玉米幼苗生长的影响

模拟酸雨下采用不同浓度的硫酸铈对糯玉米进行处理,测定其对幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在模拟酸雨下,0.8~100mg/L的硫酸铈可增加幼苗的干重、促进根系生长、提高幼苗的根系活力及叶绿素含量,并能抑制丙二醛增生和降低细胞膜透性,增强了糯玉米对酸雨逆境的抵抗能力。以20mg/L的硫酸铈处理效果最为理想。