回转窑燃烧图像中火焰区的动态标定

提出一种动态标定火焰区的方法，以彩色图像中的红色绿色成份的线性加权组合图像作为研究对象，利用其垂直灰度投影曲线和水平灰度投影曲线确定火焰区的重心，采用由内到外扩散的办法确定火焰区的左右边界和上下边界，标定火焰区。实验表明，该方法能正确地动态标定出火焰区，并能满足实时处理的需要。     

The Vertical Distribution of Soil Seed Bank and Its Restoration Implication in an Active Sand Dune of Northeastern Inner Mongolia,China

Although the functions and characteristics of soil seed banks in topsoil layers have been described for various ecosystems, the spatiotemporal pattern of the seed bank in deep soil and its ecological implications for vegetation restoration of active sand dune have not been fully explored. In 2007 and 2008, seed densities with regard to dune position, soil depth and season were investigated on an active and a stabilized sand dune of northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Seeds in the 0–10 cm topsoil layer accounted for 60% of total soil seed bank on the stabilized sand dune, while more than 40% of seeds were stored in the 50–100 cm layers on the active sand dune. Seed density declined significantly with soil depth on the stabilized sand dune, but it was relatively constant across the 0–100 cm soil profile on the active sand dune. Seed density fluctuated with soil depth on the active sand dune suggesting that seeds were either relocated upward or downward over time. Seeds of annual non‐psammophytic species accounted for the majority of soil seed bank on the stabilized sand dune, while pioneer psammophytes contributed more to the soil seed bank of the active sand dune. Our data suggest that seeds in the deep soil layers of active sand dunes account for a large proportion of the whole soil seed bank. Because of the effect of wind erosion, seeds in deep soil could be gradually exposed to shallow soil layers and potentially contribute to population recruitment and vegetation restoration on active sand dunes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Transportation and Lifting Facilities in Chongqing and the Industrialised Housing

This article introduces that there are good basic conditions and big development space for the industrialized housing development in Chongqing Municipality-the biggest municipality in the country.And it introduces the capabilities of horizontal transportation by land or sea and vertical lifting in Chongqing. And it puts forward that is more economical, reliable and safer than which has the advantages of best weight lifting capacity, service radium. Lifting height and smallest site occupation and the assemble of bigger components even the whole industrialised house.     

Experimental Analysis of Vibration Behavior for Large-span Underground Structure

In this paper, a shaking table test for large-span underground structure is introduced. Based on the test, the frequency of inherent vibration, damping ratio and the dynamic response of the structure are studied. The response of the underground structure for vertical seismic excitation is studied as a key point. With the different imbedding depth, the influence of interaction of soil and structure on the earthquake-resistant capacity of the underground structure is discussed.     

Frequencies of Vertical Resistances and Virulences in the Rye-Powdery Mildew Pathosystem*

Nine populations of rye (Secale cereale L.; the cultivars ‘Kustro’, ‘Danko’ and ‘Carokurz’. a breeding population PA 14/75 and five Iranian primitive ryes) were tested with three or two pathotypes of powder)’ mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. secalis Marchal) to determine the frequencies of vertical resistances. Similarly, three populations of powder)’ mildew isolated from the above eultivars were tested with two rye pathodemes to estimate the frequencies of vertical virulences. Tests were carried out on leaf segments cultivated in vitro. To explain the pattern of the host-parasite interaction, a model with at least four resistance and virulence genes was required. In the rye populations the genotypes of most plants could be determined unambiguously whereas in the powdery mildew populations no unique classification of one-postule isolates was possible due to the limited number of rye differentials. Both the host and the pathogen populations were polymorphic for resistance and virulence, respectively. In all lye populations except PA 14/75 the resistance frequencies were low. In the mildew populations the virulence frequencies were high and complex races occurred rather frequently. The virulence frequencies were related to the resistance frequencies of the respective host population. Results were compared with mathematical host-parasite models accounting for gene-for-gene interaction and balancing natural selection. Observations agree well with theory.     

Race-specific effects in major genic and polygenic resistance of barley to barley leaf rust in the field: identification and distinction

Summary Six partially resistant spring barley cultivars were exposed to four barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) races in the field and in the greenhouse. The 24 cultivar-race combinations were tested in field plots of 1.5×1.5 m² in two replications over two years. To reduce the interplot exchange of urediospores each plot was surrounded by winter rye.The level of barley leaf rust varied among cultivars, races and years. In both years the variance for cultivar-race interactions was highly significant and originating largely from the cultivar-race combinations Berac-22. Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A. The Berac-22 interaction was towards higher, the other three interactions towards a lower level of barley leaf rust. The reduced rust levels of these three combinations were not due to interactions between the partial resistance of these cultivars and the aggressiveness of the races but to major genes for hypersensitivity not effective to the races 1-2-1 and F, common in Western Europe, but effective against the rare races 22 and A. This was revealed in the greenhouse experiments where all combinations had a susceptible infection type except Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A, which showed low infection types in both the seedling and adult plant stages. The urediosori present in the field plots of these three combinations apparently arose from spores derived from other plots; this interplot interchange suggesting partial resistance.The interaction of Berac with race 22 truly was a small race-specific effect within the polygenic, partial resistance of barley to barley leaf rust like the one reported before between Julia and race 18.     

立筒仓氮气储粮技术应用试验

立筒仓储粮具有机械化程度高、容量大、占地少的优势,但也存在粮堆高取样难、熏蒸防治操作不便的不足。本文探讨了立筒仓氮气气调的应用:包括气密性改造、气调工艺以及储粮稳定性。试验结果表明应用效果较好,减小了保管员的劳动强度,达到了绿色储粮的目标。     

内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区土壤水分动态初探

通过对内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区土壤水分的初步研究,表明:该区土壤水分的垂直动态分布分为三个不同层次,即:水分不稳定层(0～40cm);中间过渡层(40～100cm);水分相对稳定层(100～200cm);旱作土壤水分的动态变化与降雨的变化基本一致;作物对土壤水分的消耗主要是当年降雨。     

山区小流域自然资源垂直分异特征及其治理模式研究—以开县石碗溪流域为例

以开县石碗溪流域为例,论述了山区小流域自然资源的垂直分异特性,并在垂直分异的基础上,对该流域进行了综合分区,同时,结合成都山地灾害研究所在该地实施的生态项目,提出了垂直分异综合分区治理模式。     

Deforestation and extant distributions of Mexican endemic mammals

Deforestation threatens biodiversity conservation worldwide, but little quantitative information is available on how it affects individual species’ distributions. We modeled potential distributions of 85 continental endemic Mexican mammal species using ecological niche modeling, and produced testable predictions of species’ extant distributions by limiting ecological niches to remnant untransformed habitat based on the Inventario Nacional Forestal 2000. We included point occurrence data for all endemics only from collecting localities prior to 1970, before wide areas of habitat transformation occurred nationwide. Most endemics (61 of 85, 72%) showed a high proportion of transformed habitat (34.5%) at the national level. More than one-fourth of the endemics (23 out of 85, 27%) lost more than 50% of untransformed habitat within their potential distributions; two showed drastic areal loss of more than 90%; another two showed a loss of more than 80%. Only 34 of the endemics are listed as endangered or threatened in the Mexican Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM). No significant association existed between proportional loss and conservation status as assigned in the NOM, nor are correlations significant between original distributional area and area of remnant untransformed habitat. Both findings suggest that geographic location determines extinction risks rather than area per se. Endemics in the state of Veracruz and in the Transvolcanic Belt suffered the most drastic niche reductions and thus appear to be at high extinction risk from further deforestation.