立筒仓功能转型升级改造探索

通过对作为中转暂存的立筒仓进行硬件设施性能提升改造,使之达到气调储备仓的性能,并应用富氮气调绿色储粮技术,确保储粮安全,达到长期储存的目的。     

试论立筒仓气密性标准

一、引言储粮用的钢筋水泥、砖砌结构的立筒仓都是多孔透气材料建筑起来的,钢板立筒仓因铆或焊接不实也易漏气,这些类型仓未经密封都不能用做熏蒸仓或者气调仓,这点在国内外是公认的,但是对于立筒仓气密性标准,在国际上气密性标准差异很大,说法不一。为更好促进立筒仓用于熏蒸仓或者气调仓的开展,以利储粮安全或储粮仓有虫就仓熏蒸,增加经济效益。就立簡仓气密性标准这一问题,提出浅薄的认识愿与研究储粮仓气密性能工作者共同商榷. 二、一些国家储粮熏蒸仓气密性标准 1、澳大利亚雷普先生提出;仓房内外的密封,应确保在充气结束后30分钟内,仓内压力衰减不得大于引入压力(例如为200帕)的1/2。在澳大利亚还有的学者提出其压     

浅谈立筒仓安全储粮管理

本文通过两年多对立筒仓储粮的管理，阐述了立筒仓储粮的变化规律，并对储粮中出现的问题提出了相应的处理措施，为筒仓安全储粮作了有益的尝试。     

通风隔热对立筒仓安全储粮的作用

根据立筒仓储粮粮情变化规律，结合实际工作经验，在筒仓围护结构改造基础上，利用冬季低温天气，进行通风降温，并在气温回升之前对降温仓进行隔热密闭。通过两年多的筒仓储粮实践表明，通风降温、密闭隔热储藏技术对立筒仓长期安全储存小麦有积极的作用。     

凯安保防治立筒仓储粮害虫的试验

对用凯安保防治立筒仓储粮害虫的适用喷雾技术,有效合理剂量,防护效果,有效防护期及残变化情况作了详细研究。结果表明：１．采用多喷咀喷雾器,筒仓顶溜管处施药和上下两层各处理４ｍ粮食的喷雾技术有效可行,药剂损耗低,操作安全简便;２．凯安保防治立筒仓储粮害虫采用０．５ｐｐｍ的剂量有效合理,能够保持储粮一年以上基本无虫,小麦原粮,麸皮的药剂残留符合国家卫生标准。     

氮气气调储粮与二氧化碳储粮对比分析

氮气气调储粮和二氧化碳气调储粮是国际上最先进的气调储粮技术,本文通过对两项技术的原理、对储粮品质的影响、使用成本等方面的对比,分析两项技术在储粮应用中的优缺点。     

平房仓、浅圆仓和立筒仓储粮性能探讨

对平房仓、浅圆仓和立筒仓三种仓型进行储粮观察、性能比较和结果分析,归纳出三种仓型各自的优点和缺点,以便更好的为储粮服务。     

电脑测控连体通风夹层立筒仓的结构与性能探讨

文章介绍了电脑测控连体通风夹层立筒仓的结构及性能。该仓具有通风、隔热、防潮、防虫霉、防火等功能,电脑控制、测控方便、机械化程度高,且储粮费用低。适合不同气候的地区使用。     

近十年我国粮食仓储技术研究进展及推广应用概况

文章对我国近十年来在机械通风储粮技术，气调储粮技术、储温储粮技术、高水分粮的处理和保管、粮食烘干技术、储粮害虫防治技术、电子计算机在储粮业务中的应用等粮食仓储技术的研究进展、推广应用情况进行了综述。     

立筒仓熏蒸技术研究

为解决立筒仓储粮熏蒸杀虫难的问题，在不同容量、不同形状的立筒仓安装不同形式的熏蒸管道，配备与之相适应的工艺设备，采用包投法、仓外投药器正压熏蒸法或环流熏蒸法，均可达到100％的杀虫效果。     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Relation between wheat-rye crossability and seed set of common wheat after pollination with other species in the Hordeae

Summary Cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of high wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) crossability set more seed with pollen of other related species than did wheats of low wheat-rye crossability. This was found to be true for pollen parents from the genera Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Agropyron and Elymus.     

Breeding apomictic bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) with improved turf traits

The development of a turf‐type bahiagrass could have a remarkable impact on the billion‐dollar turf industry in the south‐eastern United States. The goals of this study were to (i) select bahiagrass genotypes with improved turf attributes and (ii) determine the reproductive mode and seed fertility of selected genotypes. The population included mutants, wild types, hybrids and standard cultivars evaluated at two locations for two years. Morphological variation was observed and clonal repeatability (H²) ranged from 0.27 to 0.90. Flowering was extremely reduced in some mutants, which also exhibited dark green colour, finer texture and reduced canopy height. Cytoembryological observations revealed that diploids reproduced sexually and tetraploids by obligate or facultative apomixis. Genotypes with superior seed fertility were identified, while others were comparable to the standard cultivars. While mutant plants exhibited great morphological variation, the random mutations did not affect their reproductive mode, validating the use of mutagenesis in apomictic species. The high H² indicated that selection for improved turf attributes could be successfully performed with the advantage of clonal seed propagation.     

Inheritance of fruit colour in a wild Russian red raspberry seedling

Summary A new gene, i, from a self-incompatible wild Russian Rubus idaeus seedling is described. The gene i interacts with the fruit colour gene T, Tii plants having apricot instead of red fruits, and spines, leaves and stems pigmented to varying degrees. A deficit of apricot-fruited seedlings in progenies segregating for i could be explained by linkage between i and the self-incompatibility S locus with a crossover value of approximately 26.7%.Segregations for spine colour in crosses and backcrosses of the Russian seedling with two green-spined (ttII) raspberries selected for their yellow fruit colour, showed that both the latter carried the spine colour intensifier gene P. This suggests that earlier authors were incorrect in attributing the apricot fruit colour developed by some tt plants to a pleiotropic effect of P.     

Flag Leaf Senescence, as Evaluated by Numerical Image Analysis, and its Relationship with Yield under Drought in Durum Wheat

Senescence was evaluated at different stages of the grain‐filling period in eight durum wheat varieties using numerical image analysis (NIA). The varieties were grown under early, severe drought conditions on the high plains of Sétif in Algeria. After flowering, three different irrigation treatments were applied. Treatment effect was small, while a genotypic effect was noted for most of the senescence parameters. Senescence correlated to biomass, while the maximal rate of senescence, V_smax, correlated to thousand‐kernel weight. The potential of the method of numerical image analysis for monitoring flag leaf senescence, detecting genotypic variability and selecting genotypes with delayed senescence is discussed.     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata): Genetics,genomics and breeding

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), is an important grain legume grown in the tropics where it constitutes a valuable source of protein in the diets of millions of people. Some abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect its productivity. A review of the genetics, genomics and breeding of cowpea is presented in this article. Cowpea breeding programmes have studied intensively qualitative and quantitative genetics of the crop to better enhance its improvement. A number of initiatives including Tropical Legumes projects have contributed to the development of cowpea genomic resources. Recent progress in the development of consensus genetic map containing 37,372 SNPs mapped to 3,280 bins will strengthen cowpea trait discovery pipeline. Several informative markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to desirable attributes of cowpea were generated. Cowpea genetic improvement activities aim at the development of drought tolerant, phosphorus use efficient, bacterial blight and virus resistant lines through exploiting available genetic resources as well as deployment of modern breeding tools that will enhance genetic gain when grown by sub‐Saharan Africa farmers.     

Screening for resistance to take-all in wheat,triticale and wheat-triticale hybrid lines

Summary Fifteen triticale and wheat-triticale hybrid lines were evaluated for resistance to the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and compared with five wheat and two rye lines in inoculated field and pot trials. The triticale and wheat-triticale hybrid lines varied in rye chromosome number and degree of resistance expressed. One line, Venus with seven pairs of rye chromosomes consistently showed levels of resistance intermediate between wheat and rye. A trend was observed where increasing rye chromosome content led to greater resistance but exceptions showed that variation within triticales could not be ascribed to rye chromosome content alone.     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.