一种用于桑RAD-Seq高通量测序的基因组DNA提取方法

[目的]筛选一种能够得到高质量桑树基因组DNA的方法。[方法]采用天根试剂盒法(Plant Genomic DNA Kit离心柱型),并稍加改进,从11个桑种的新鲜嫩叶中提取DNA。[结果]该方法简单快速,不需要复杂仪器,且能有效地除去桑叶中的多糖、多酚、蛋白质等杂质,得到的DNA能够满足RAD-Seq高通量的测序要求。[结论]建立了一种用于桑RAD-Seq高通量测序的基因组DNA提取方法。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定瘤胃液中的生物胺

本文旨在应用反相高效液相色谱法建立瘤胃液中生物胺的测定方法.样品经0.5 mol/L盐酸提取后,用丹磺酰氯柱前衍生,流动相为乙腈和0.1 mol/L乙酸铵溶液；采用梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min；紫外检测器波长254 nm,柱温30℃.应用该方法,研究高精料和低精料饲粮条件下瘤胃液中5种生物胺浓度的差异.结果表明...     

Does returning sites of historic peri‐urban waste disposal to vegetable production pose a risk to human health? – A case study near Manchester,UK

Urban waste disposal occurred on fenland to the west of Manchester, England, between 1900 and 1964. The reclaimed fenland, Chat Moss, is now used for mixed arable farming. A total of 1.92 Mt of waste including privy midden, street sweepings, clinkers and slaughterhouse refuse was incorporated into the moss resulting in a modified topsoil with raised pH and reduced organic matter content compared with the subsoil. Elevated levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are observed in the topsoil beyond the typical depth of atmospheric contamination; Cd and As concentrations exceed soil guideline values (SGVs) at 1.8 and 43 mg/kg, respectively. Sequential extraction indicates that waste‐derived Pb, Zn and Ni remain predominantly in the residual fraction, whereas Cu was mainly organically bound. Arsenic was predominately found in oxide and organic matter fractions with Cd in carbonate, oxide, organic matter and residual fractions. Pot trials indicated limited uptake of PTEs by vegetables grown on the waste‐amended soil, with the exception of Cd uptake by lettuce (0.22 mg/kg FW) and Pb uptake by radish (0.16 mg/kg FW), which exceeded current EU limits of 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg FW, respectively. Hazard quotients (HQs) identified no risks to adults from consumption of vegetables grown in these soils with the exception of lettuce consumption with a HQ of 1.4. Risks to children were slightly greater with HQs >1 for Cd in lettuce, spinach, carrots and onion, As in lettuce, parsley and onion and for Zn in spinach.     

超声波辅助提取白果粗脂肪

以自制白果粉为原料,分析了提取溶剂、粉料粒度、提取温度、超声波功率、料液比、提取时间及提取次数对白果出油率的影响。结果表明:石油醚(沸程60～90℃)是较适宜的提取溶剂,出油率为3.88%。最佳提取工艺为:白果粉粉碎度80目,提取温度25℃,超声波提取功率200 W,料液比1∶25(g/ml),每次提取时间40 min,提取次数2次。最优工艺条件下,出油率为3.86%,较索氏提取法,该工艺对白果粗脂肪的提取率为98.71%。     

极香罗勒芳香油成分GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,对极香罗勒芳香油进行了萃取,并利用气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)对芳香油成分进行了鉴定。结果表明:芳香油的主要成分为萜类物质共34种,占总芳香油的46.47%;脂肪酸类3种,占总芳香油的34.61%;芳香族醚类化合物有3种,总芳香油的7.84%;酯类有2种,占总芳香油的3.91%;烃类2种,占总芳香油的1.86%。芳香油中相对含量最高的是亚麻酸,占总芳香油的27.69%;其次是芳樟醇,占总芳香油的12.96%;其它含量较高的成分依次是(+)表-双环倍半水芹烯(7.53%)、m-丁香酚(5.88%)。     

Potential of weed seedbanks for managing weeds: a review of recent New Zealand research

Weed seedbanks are the primary source of weeds in cultivated soils. Some knowledge of the weed seedbank may therefore be appropriate for integrated weed management programs. It would also be very useful in planning herbicide programs and reducing the total herbicide use. However, a number of problems are inherent in the estimation of the seedbank size for arable weeds that usually have annual life cycles. In a long-term research project we have investigated the dynamics of weed seedbanks in corn fields for the past 8 years. Specific studies have included (i) developing cheap and efficient methods for estimating the weed seedbank; (ii) developing guidelines for efficient soil sampling (including the number and size of samples); (iii) influence of cultivation methods on weed seed distribution; (iv) mapping the spatial variability of the seedbank; (v) estimating the rate of seedbank decline for certain weed species; and (vi) assessing the potential of using the weed seed content in the soil to predict future weed problems. This paper reviews and summarizes the results of our research on the above aspects. The strong correlation between seedlings emerged in the greenhouse and seeds extracted in the laboratory for the most abundant weed species has demonstrated the potential for using the weed seed content of the soil to predict future weed infestations. The next step is to establish correlations with field emergence under commercial conditions using the sampling guidelines developed in our studies. Subsequently, we aim to offer the weed seedbank estimation as a commercial service to farmers for planning the most appropriate weed management options.     

超临界流体萃取技术在农药残留分析中的应用进展

从萃取过程控制的角度，综述了近几年来国外超临界流体技术不同形态的基体的农药残留分析中的应用情况、研究现状及前景。     

The induction of 1,3-β-glucanases and other enzymes in groundnut leaves infected with Cercospora arachidicola

Infection of groundnut leaves with the early leaf spot pathogen Cercospora arachidicola leads to a marked increase in extracellular 1,3-β-glucanase activity, limited to the infected tissue. Three isoforms of low molecular weight and extreme pI values, typical of pathogenesis-related proteins, were induced. These β-glucanases, when acting together, were capable of degrading the pathogen cell wall in vitro. Glucanases from homogenates of infected leaf tissue were partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography to give enzymes with molecular weights of 35, 32 and 20 kDa and pI values of 3·8, 3·6 and > 9, respectively. They were electrophoretically identical to the β-glucanases found in the intercellular washing fluid. Treatment of groundnut plants with 200 μM mercuric chloride induced the accumulation of identical extracellular β-glucanases. During the course of the infection an increase in peroxidase activity was also observed, but chitinase activity remained more or less constant.     

熏蒸直接提取法测定土壤MB－S中几个因素的研究

就影响薰蒸直接提取法测定土壤ＭＢ－Ｓ的一些因素（预培养时间和土壤湿度，氯仿消杀时间，浸提剂与土壤比例和振荡时间）进行了研究，提出了适用于一般实验室测定土壤ＭＢ－Ｓ的较好程序。