用酶法制备藏羊血食用蛋白粉的研究

采用四因素三水平正交试验,对藏羊血制备食用蛋白的工艺进行了分析。经分析食用蛋白粉水解最佳条件为：酶解用酶量4.5g,酶解温度为46℃,酶解时间为7.5h,酶解的pH值为10.5,活性炭作用于水解液时由室温升至80℃所需最佳时间为6～8min。     

不同生理时期梅花鹿血液GSH-Px含量测定及其纯化

研究不同生理时期梅花鹿全血中GSH-Px含量变化及其纯化技术,为开发鹿血抗衰老资源奠定理论基础.用DINB法测定梅花鹿的溶血液、血细胞内容物、血浆和血细胞细胞膜中GSH-Px含量并计算全血GSH-Px含量；利用10％～100％饱和度的(NH4)2SO4盐析和柱层析技术纯化GSH-Px;用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其亚基相对分子质量.试验结果表明:全血GSH-Px含量以生茸期最高为(1 973.07士25.43)U·mL-1,与配种期的(1 727.74士12.46)U·mL-1差异极显著(P＜0.01),与生茸前期的(1 961.83士16.54)U·mL-1差异不显著(P＞0.05)；GSH-Px的初始比活力为24.9 U·mg-1,经纯化后得到GSH-Px 0.37 mg· mL-1,最终比活力1 347.7U·mg-1,纯化倍数为54.1倍,回收率25.00％；鹿血GSH-Px亚基的相对分子质量为17.2 ku.结果提示生茸期鹿血的GSH-Px含量最高,开发利用价值最大,GSH-Px含量与生理特性相关；鹿血GSH-Px盐析条件为40％～80％饱和度的(NH4)2SO4,此时所得GSH-Px纯化倍数较高.     

Comparative morphology of the digestive system of 19 species of Southern African myomorph rodents in relation to diet and evolution

Trends in digestive system-morphology have been examined in 19 species of Southern African myomorph rodents. Structure was related to function, diet, and evolution. Characters related to an ancestral proteinaceous diet, and specialized characters associated with herbivory, were recognized. All stomachs were of the unilocular hemiglandular type with increasing degrees of cornification of the corpus, although the stomach of Saccostomus compestris approached the bilocular discoglandular condition. Those of Thallomys paedulcus and Mystromys albicaudatus were highly modified in containing numerous papillae in the corpus, possibly associated with gastric fermentation. The most complex caeca, of the herbivorous Otomyids, possessed numerous haustra and internal papillae probably associated with caecal microbial fermentation.     

The importance of manual white blood cell differential counts and platelet estimates in elephant hematology: blood film review is essential

Unique features of elephant hematology are known challenges in analytical methodology like two types of monocytes typical for members of the Order Afrotheria and platelet counts of the comparatively small elephant platelet. To investigate WBC differential and platelet data generated by an impedance-based hematology analyzer without availability of validated species-specific software for recognition of elephant WBCs and platelets, compared to manual blood film review. Blood samples preserved in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) of 50 elephants (n = 35 Elephas maximus and n = 15 Loxodonta africana) were used. A Mann-Whitney test for independent samples was used to compare parameters between methods and agreement was tested using Bland-Altman bias plots. All hematological variables, including absolute numbers of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets, were significantly different (p < 0.0001) between both methods of analysis, and there was no agreement using Bland-Altman bias plots. Manual review consistently produced higher heterophil and monocyte counts as well as platelet estimates, while the automated analyzer produced higher lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts. The hematology analyzer did not properly differentiate elephant lymphocytes and monocytes, and did not accurately count elephant platelets. These findings emphasize the importance of manual blood film review as part of elephant complete blood counts in both clinical and research settings and as a basis for the development of hematological reference intervals.     

Platelet abnormalities and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in canine immunosuppressant-responsive and non-responsive enteropathy: A retrospective study in 41 dogs

Few studies have examined platelet alterations in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Our aim was to investigate platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in dogs diagnosed with immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE). In this retrospective study of 41 dogs, data regarding signalment, canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI), endoscopic and histopathological scores, PLT, MPV, PLR, total serum protein concentrations, albumin, and iron were collected. Clinical response and relapse were assessed with the evaluation of CCECAI over time. One month after starting therapy, dogs with >25% CCECAI reduction were considered responders. During a three-month CCECAI evaluation as part of a twelve-month follow-up, a CCECAI >3 together with a ≥2 unit increase in responder dogs was considered a relapse. PLT and PLR displayed significant negative correlation with MPV. MPV was positively correlated with total protein and albumin levels and negatively correlated with CCECAI. Three dogs were classified as non-responders, and 14 relapsed within 12 months. No differences were observed in PLT, MPV, or PLR between responding/non-responding and relapsing/non-relapsing groups. PLT, MPV, and PLR correlated with total protein, albumin, and CCECAI, confirming PLT as a potential marker, and suggesting MPV as a new marker of clinical efficacy against canine IRE.     

Nutritive value of sorghum silage for sheep

This study compared ensiled sorghum (ES) from two varieties (first and second cuts) with corn silage (CS) for chemical analysis, total-tract nutrient digestibility, ruminal variables and blood biochemistry metabolites in sheep. Five experimental silages representing first cut ES var. Pegah (PS1), second cut ES var. Pegah (PS2), first cut ES var. Speedfeed (SS1), second cut ES var. Speedfeed (SS2) and CS were assessed for chemical analysis, silage fermentation and anti-quality compounds. Diets consisted of lucerne hay, silage and a premix (at the ratio of 53.5:46:0.5 on a dry matter [DM] basis). Feed consumption, total-tract nutrient digestibility, microbial nitrogen supply (MNS), ruminal variables and blood biochemistry metabolites were determined in a Latin square design of five periods with five male sheep. Compared to sorghum, CS had lower (p < 0.01) concentrations of ash, water-soluble carbohydrates and crude protein, but higher starch, lignin (sa), non-structural carbohydrates and apparent nutrient digestibility. The measurements of pH, lactic acid, NH₃-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) confirmed that all silages were well-preserved. The anti-quality compound levels in the silages were below the safe limits for ruminants. No differences were observed in feed consumption (p > 0.05) and total-tract digestibility of DM and nutrients (p > 0.05). Rumen pH, NH₃-N, VFA concentrations and acetate to propionate ratio showed no difference among treatments (p > 0.05). Sheep fed on sorghum silage showed a decrease (p < 0.01) in total protozoa, and particularly in the Entodiniae population. There were no differences in cellulolytic bacteria counts (p > 0.05) among treatments. Urinary N, MNS and blood biochemistry metabolites showed no difference among treatments (p > 0.05). Silages from both cuts of sorghum had comparable total-tract nutrient digestibility to CS, therefore, these varieties could be used as a more drought resilient silage source in the feeding of sheep.     

0~4周龄云岭红肉鸡赖氨酸适宜需要量的研究

试验通过分析饲粮不同赖氨酸水平对云岭红肉鸡生长性能、氮沉积率及血液生化指标的影响,确定云岭红肉鸡饲粮赖氨酸的适宜需要量。采用单因素试验设计,将180只健康状况良好、体重相近的1日龄云岭红肉鸡随机分为5个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸡。5组试验鸡饲喂的饲粮赖氨酸水平分别为0.85%、0.95%、1.05%、1.15%、1.25%。结果表明:赖氨酸水平对试验鸡的期末体重、全期增重、平均日增重及料重比有显著影响(P<0.05),当赖氨酸水平为1.15%时期末体重最大739.21 g,全期增重最大701.66 g,平均日增重最大24.19 g,料重比最低1.68。不同赖氨酸水平对丝氨酸、甘氨酸和组氨酸的表观代谢率影响显著(P<0.05)。对血清总氨基酸和血清尿素氮影响显著(P<0.05)。研究表明,0~4周龄云岭红肉鸡适宜赖氨酸水平最适量为1.15%。     

复合中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究不同剂量复合中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选取84头(28±1)日龄、体重(8±0.5) kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶母仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复7头猪。试验1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,试验2、3、4组分别添加2.0、2.5、3.0 g/kg的复合中草药添加剂。结果表明,试验3、4组仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05);试验2、3、4组仔猪料重比、腹泻率显著低于试验1组(P<0.05)。试验3、4组仔猪的血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05);试验3、4仔猪血清尿素氮含量、谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于试验1组(P<0.05),试验4组仔猪血清碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著高于试验1组(P<0.05)。试验4组仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、补体C3、补体C4含量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05)。研究表明,日粮添加3.0 g/kg的复合中草药添加剂能有效提高断奶仔猪生长性能、调节代谢水平、增强免疫功能。     

复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为研究复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响,试验选择健康、体重相近的杜寒杂交肉羊60只随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只,1组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加2.5%、5.0%、10%的复合双歧杆菌制剂,预试验7 d,试验期56 d。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组的平均日增重较1组比分别提高13.5%、9.3%(P<0.05),料重比较1组比分别降低10.3%、9.4%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组的干物质采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组的干物质、钙、磷、酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率均高于1组(P>0.05),试验3、4组的粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维消化率较1组比分别提高17.2%、15.3%、12.5%、9.1%(P<0.05);(3)试验3、4组血清中的总蛋白(TP)含量较1组比分别提高16.0%、12.9%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组血清中的白蛋白(ALB)含量均高于1组(P>0.05),试验2、3、4组血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)含量均低于1组(P>0.05),试验3、4组血清中尿素氮(BUN)含量较1组比分别降低15.4%、13.8%(P<0.05)。综上,不同水平的复合双歧杆菌制剂可以提高肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率,且对血液生化指标无明显影响,以5.0%添加为适宜。     

妊娠后期营养限制对蒙古绵羊胎儿生物原胺类神经递质的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期营养限制对蒙古绵羊胎儿生物原胺类神经递质的影响。选择健康、体况相近的蒙古绵羊18只,对其进行同期发情、配种后,从妊娠第90天开始,随机分为3个组:营养限制1组[NG1组,n=6,代谢能(ME)=0.175 MJ/(kg BW 0.75·d)]、营养限制2组[NG2组,n=6,ME=0.330 MJ/(kg BW 0.75·d)]和对照组[CG组,n=6,ME=0.670 MJ/(kg BW 0.75·d)],在妊娠第140天时屠宰,取各组胎儿及其脑组织和血液。结果显示:NG1组胎儿的脑重较CG组显著增高(P<0.05),并且NG1组胎儿脑中5-羟色胺(5-HT)(P<0.01)、肾上腺素(EPI)(P<0.05)含量显著或极显著高于CG组,去甲肾上腺素(NA)的含量极显著低于CG组(P<0.01)。NG2组胎儿脑中5-HT含量极显著高于CG组(P<0.01),而NA(P<0.01)、多巴胺(DA)(P<0.05)含量显著或极显著低于CG组。另外,NG1组胎儿血浆中5-HT(P<0.01)、EPI(P<0.01)、NA(P<0.05)、DA(P<0.01)含量显著或极显著低于CG组;NG2组胎儿血浆中5-HT(P<0.01)、NA(P<0.01)、DA(P<0.05)含量显著或极显著低于CG组。由此得出,妊娠后期营养限制使得蒙古绵羊胎儿脑中5-HT、EPI含量升高和NA含量降低,血浆中5-HT、EPI、NA、DA含量降低。