贵州下司犬线粒体DNA控制区核苷酸序列分析

采用聚合酶链式反应和直接测序的方法,分析了贵州下司犬线粒体D-loop区序列。结果显示,该犬的线粒体D-loop全长1260bp,碱基序列中A、T含量明显高于G、C含量。其中有一段以串连方式排列、重复29次的序列,重复单元为TACACGT(A/G)CG。对该串连重复序列上游673bp的碱基序列进行分析,比较已知犬种相应碱基序列之间的差异,聚类分析结果显示下司犬与亚洲犬种的亲缘关系较近。     

Genetic diversity of Bangladeshi native chickens based on complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity and possible origin of Bangladeshi (BD) native chickens. The complete mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced in 60 chickens representing five populations; naked neck, full feathered, Aseel, Hilly and autosomal dwarf. The 61 reference sequences representing different domestic chicken clades in China, India, Laos, Indonesia, Myanmar, and other Eurasian regions were included. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of five BD populations were analysed.

2. A total of 35 polymorphic sites, and 21 haplotypes were detected in 60 mtDNA D-loop sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the five populations were 0.921 ± 0.018 and 0.0061 ± 0.0019, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analysis indicated four clades (four haplogroups) in BD populations (21 haplotypes) along with 61 reference haplotypes. Clade E contained the most individuals (20) and haplotypes (11) of BD chickens, followed by clade D (17, 6), clade C (12, 2) and clade F (11, 2), respectively.

3. The higher number of unique haplotypes found in Yunnan, China, suggested that the origin of BD chickens was in this region. The haplotypes from different haplogroups were introduced in Bangladeshi chickens from India, China and Myanmar. The phylogenetic tree showed a close relationship of BD chickens with the clusters from India, China, Myanmar and Laos, and indicated the dispersion of BD chickens from these sources. The phylogenetic information revealed high genetic diversity of BD chickens because of their origin from different lineages with high genetic variation and distance, which was determined from four cluster and neighbour-joining trees.

4. In conclusion, BD populations had high genetic diversity. The mtDNA network profiles and phylogenetic trees showed multiple maternal origins of BD chickens from India, China, Myanmar and Laos.     

Study on Genetic Diversity and System Evolution of mtDNA D-Loop Region in Xianglushan Chicken

This study was aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution in Xianglushan chicken.The full-length sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-Loop (mtDNA D-Loop) region of 121 Xianglushan chickens were analyzed by PCR amplification combined with bidirectional sequencing,and the composition,variation and maternal origin of mtDNA D-Loop region were discussed.The results showed that the total length of mtDNA D-Loop region in Xianglushan chicken was 1 231-1 233 bp.The contents of A,T,C and G were 26.62%,33.55%,26.49% and 13.34%,respectively.The content of T was the highest,the content of G was the lowest,and the content of A+T was significantly higher than that of G+C,it indicated that region might have certain base hobbies.Analysis of 121 full-length sequences were found to coexist in 11 haplotypes and 26 mutation sites,of which 2 were single polymorphic information sites,24 were simple information sites,4 bases were inserted and 2 bases were missing.The genetic diversity analysis results showed that the haplotype diversity was 0.814,the nucleotide diversity was 0.00447,the average nucleic acid difference was 5.494,which indicated that the genetic diversity of Xianglushan chicken was relatively rich,the effect of preservation was better,which had a certain breeding space.Tajima's D was 0.39378 and the test results were not significant (P>0.10),in line with neutral mutations.The cluster analysis results showed that Xianglushan chicken and Gallus gallus gathered as one,indicating that Xianglushan chicken originated from Gallus gallus, and there were 4 branches inside the branch,indicating that Xianglushan chicken had many matrilineal origins.The results could provide some reference data for the protection and exploitation of pheasant germplasm resources in Xianglushan chicken.     

黄河下游同域山羊种群mtDNA D-环多态性及系统发育

对黄河下游7个山羊种群共59个个体的mtDNA D-环533 bp序列进行分析,发现59个多态位点,其中单一多态位点21个,简约信息位点38个,分别占全序列的11.7%、3.94%和7.13%。确定了37种单倍型,崂山奶山羊1个个体还发现了1处5碱基的缺失。各群体单倍型多样度为0.785 7~0.969 7,核苷酸多样度为1.27%~1.73%,遗传多样性较丰富。构建系统发育树将37种单倍型分为2个分支,由此推断黄河下游山羊资源至少具有2个母系起源,角猾羊与A类型聚为1支,7个群体具有角猾羊起源,未发现捻角山羊对7个群体有贡献的证据。错配分析表明,A类型经历过群体扩张,B类型未经历过群体扩张。并通过遗传距离分析了各群体的遗传分化。     

云南龙陵黄山羊线粒体DNA限制性酶切分析

 采用碱性变性法提取来自于龙陵县不同地区的18只黄山羊个体的线粒体DNA(mtDNA),并用ApaⅠ,AvaⅠ,BamHⅠ,BclⅠ,BglⅠ,BglⅡ,ClaⅠ,DraⅠ,EcoRⅠ,EcoRⅤ,HaeⅠ,HindⅢ,KpnⅠ,PstⅠ,PvuⅡ,SacⅠ,SalⅠ,SmaⅠ,StuⅠ和XhoⅠ等20种限制性内切酶进行酶切分析.结果发现龙陵黄山羊线粒体DNA的分子量大小约为15.8Kb;不同酶的酶切位点分别为:DraⅠ有7个酶切位点,AvaⅡ有6个酶切位点,EcoRⅤ和StuⅠ共有5个酶切位点,HindⅢ和HeaⅡ有4个酶切位点,BamHⅠ,BglⅡ,PstⅠ和PvuⅡ有3个酶切位点,ApaⅠ,ClaⅠ有2个酶切位点,其余有1个酶切位点.     

我国六个地区银鲫种群线粒体DNA多态性的研究

本文用一对引物对我国６个地区银鲫进行ｍｔＤＮＡ－ＮＤ５／６片段的ＰＣＲ扩增,扩增产物用６种限制性内切酶进行限制生片段长度多态性分析。共获得１１种图谱和７种限制性类型。根据各群体间的遗传距离构建了ＵＰＧ聚类关系图。结果表明,６个银鲫种群中,云南群体与贵州群体的关系以及黑龙江与安徽群体之间的关系最近,它们分别归为一个群体;河南群体相对独立,它与黑龙江和安徽群体的遗传关系较近,江西群体与各群体间的亲缘关     

根据mtDNA控制区序列分析野生唇 的种群遗传结构

为了掌握不同地理种群唇(鱼骨)(Hemibarbu labeo)的遗传多样性和遗传结构,探讨其亲缘地理演化过程,研究分析了乌苏里江、长江、黑龙江、鸭绿江和牡丹江5大水系,8个地理群体(n=42)的mtDNA控制区404 bp片段的变异,该片段共有26个变异位点,变异率为6.43%,平均核苷酸多样性为0.011 5.42尾样本共检测到18个单倍型,这8个地理群体是以HT1和HT2单倍型为中心向外辐射演化的.AMOVA分析结果表明,群体内变异为59.29%,同一水系群体间变异为23.50%,不同水系群体间变异为17.20%,以上变异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05),群体间配对FST分析结果表明,同一水系内有些群体间差异也达到了显著水平.聚类分析发现,最大简约法(MP)和最大似然率法(ML)结果基本一致,嘉荫群体(HRJY)和四川群体(YRSC)绝大部分个体被聚在一支,鸭绿江群体(YRLJ)聚在一支,这与单倍型网络的分析结果一致,以上结果表明唇(鱼骨)的遗传多样较为丰富,黑龙江流域的唇(鱼骨)保持了祖先单倍型,其他地理群体为黑龙江流域内群体向不同方向演化的结果,并且部分地理群体已经形成了特有的单倍型.     

二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体ND-5/6基因多态性的PCR-RFLP分析

采用PCR-RFLP分析方法,对洞庭湖、武汉两地的二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体DNAND-5/6基因多态性及4个群体遗传变异和遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明,120尾泥鳅mtDNAND-5/6扩增片段长度均为2.2kb;从13种限制性内切核酸酶中筛选出6种多态性内切酶(HaeⅢ、DraⅠ、RsaⅠ、TaqⅠ、HinfⅠ、MspⅠ),对扩增产物进行酶切,共检测到66种单倍型。泥鳅群体内单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.7679～0.9385和0.01041～0.03212;其中,洞庭湖二倍体核苷酸多样性最高(0.03212),武汉二倍体其次(0.02452),二倍体群体内核苷酸多样性高于四倍体。群体间的核苷酸多样性(π)大小为0.02588～0.04144,平均值为(0.031737±0.000005)。群体间的核苷酸歧化距离(δ)大小为0.00462～0.01617,平均值为(0.010659±0.000003);其中,武汉二倍体和四倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最大(0.01617),武汉四倍体和洞庭湖二倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最小(0.00462)。MonteCarlo模拟x2检验表明,4个群体间的单倍型频率存在极...     

竹荚鱼属鱼类线粒体DNA控制区结构及其系统发育分析

采用PCR产物直接测序法测定了2尾来自中国南海的日本竹煲鱼（Trachurus japonicus）线粒体DNA控制区基因全序列,并结合从GenBank中下载的8种竹笑鱼属相应序列,对竹煲鱼属控制区序列进行了结构分析,识别出终止序列区、中央区和保守序列区3个区域,并找到了2个与DNA复制终止相关的序列TAS和中央保守区的保守序列CSB—F、CSB—E和CSB—D,以及保守序列区的保守序列CSBl、CSB2和CSB3。以鳜（Sinipercachuatsi）作为外群,使用邻接法和最大简约法构建了9种竹荚鱼属的系统发育树。竹笑鱼属鱼类为单系类群,蓝竹煲鱼（rpicturatus）、智利竹笑鱼（zmurphyi）、太平洋竹笑鱼（zsymmetricus）、南非竹荚鱼（rcapensis）和竹荚鱼（rtrachurus）构成一支,地中海竹笑鱼（zmediterraneus）、青背竹笑鱼（zdeclivis）、日本竹荚鱼（rjaponicus）和新西兰竹荚鱼（rnovaezelandiae）为另一支;日本竹笑鱼未单独成一支,而是聚人青背竹笑鱼和新西兰竹笑鱼之间,初步猜测日本竹笑鱼和新西兰竹荚鱼为同种异名。     

东昌湖野生鲤鱼线粒体DNA RFLP分析

利用差速离心法及RNase消化法制备并纯化了采自山东东昌湖野生鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)的肝脏及性腺线粒体DNA,用7种限制性内切酶对其mtDNA进行酶解,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离酶解片段,用Gel-5000凝胶图像分析系统进行采集和分析。结果显示,东昌湖野生鲤的mtDNA分子大小为(16.62±0.15)kb,BglⅠ、BglⅡ、EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ、PstⅠ、KpnⅠ和BamHⅠ的酶切点分别为3或2、1、3或4、4、1、0、3;其中,BglⅠ、EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ内切酶具有限制性多态性,多态酶比例为42.86%,并检测出12个限制性态型,可归并为5种单倍型,各单倍型间的遗传距离0.0075～0.0365,揭示了东昌湖野生鲤存在较高的种内多态性。试验结果与以前报道的其他地区鲤属线粒体DNA酶切结果相比较,表明鲤属mtDNA在限制性酶切位点数量及其长度上存在地域差异。