二氧化氯对机械损伤苹果的防腐保鲜效果

【目的】研究在冷藏条件下二氧化氯(ClO2)处理对受损伤苹果果实的防腐保鲜效果。【方法】以采后受损伤的"红富士"苹果为试材,对果实进行压伤、果柄戳伤模拟处理,对压伤果和果柄戳伤果均用50 mg/L ClO2溶液浸泡20 min(分别记为处理A和处理B),以用蒸馏水浸泡20 min的健全果、压伤果和果柄戳伤果作为对照(分别记为CK、CKA、CKB),比较处理和对照果的呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、失重率和腐烂指数。【结果】CKA和CKB的呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、失重率和腐烂指数均高于CK,但处理A、处理B果实的上述指标均低于CKA和CKB,其中处理A和处理B果实只有腐烂指数低于CK,其他3个指标均高于CK。【结论】ClO2处理对机械损伤果具有明显的防腐保鲜效果,可有效延长贮藏期。     

晋中盆地麦蚜发生为害程度及原因分析

晋中盆地麦蚜发生为害高峰常出现于小麦孕穗到灌浆期,大发生年发生高峰可提前至拔节期。从1998～2003年连续6年的系统观察调查得出,遇暖冬及早春温暖干旱气候,麦蚜呈现早发生或大发生;如遇冬春低温多雨,尤且是1～2月份极端温度低于-20℃,时间长达15d时,对麦蚜发生形成明显抑制。另外,蚜虫发生程度与天敌数量关系密切,小麦播种面积与蚜虫发生总量呈正相关关系。     

柑桔蚜虫种类及其发生为害的考查(同翅目:蚜科)

1984～1986年的调查结果表明,为害我省柑桔的蚜虫有绣线菊蚜Aphis citricola van derGoot、棉蚜A.gossypli Glorer、豆蚜A.craccivora Koch、枯蚜Toxoptera citricidtt s(Kirkaldy)、枯二叉蚜T.aurantii(Boyer de Fonscolomhe)、桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)和樟修尾蚜Sinomegoura citricola(van der Goot)7个种。其中豆蚜为我国柑桔害虫新记录,绣线菊蚜是本省柑桔蚜虫的优势种,共次为棉蚜和枯蚜。柑桔新梢有蚜率可达80％以上。几种蚜虫常混合发生。夏秋梢受害比春梢重,幼年树,肥水条件好和靠近村庄的果园受害较重。文中还讨论了柑桔蚜虫优势种的演替问题。     

桑盾蚧雌介壳在桃园中的空间分布特征研究

１９９２～１９９３年对桑盾蚧（Ｐｓｅｕｄａｕｌａｃａｓｐｉｓｐｅｎｔａｇｏｎａ）雌介壳在５ａ～８ａ生桃树上的分布进行了研究。结果表明：桑盾蚧雌介壳在桃树不同方位枝条上所占树表皮面积和枝条受害程度均表现为南边＞东边＞西边＞北边，且雌介壳多集中于主枝上；主枝上空介壳多于小枝；在桃园中雌介壳呈聚集分布。     

油松球果害虫的危害机理研究

对油松球果生命表的研究表明 ,油松球果小卷蛾和松果梢斑螟是两种主要的油松球果害虫 ,其发生危害主要集中在 5 ,6两月。根据油松生殖生长的特点 ,对两种球果害虫随树龄变化规律的研究结果表明 ,随着树龄的增加 ,油松结实量增加 ,雄花序增多 ,但由于松果梢斑螟的发生和危害与雄花序的多少直接相关 ,松果梢斑螟的虫量增大 ,危害加重 ;在同一林龄中 ,有少雄、中雄和多雄树之别 ,松果梢斑螟的虫量随之变化 ;每果内松果梢斑螟的幼虫数随树龄和雄梢率的增加而增加 ,而每果内油松球果小卷蛾的幼虫数随树龄的增加而减少     

Human-wildlife conflicts influence attitudes but not necessarily behaviors: Factors driving the poaching of bears in China

Human-wildlife conflicts often spur retaliatory killing, which may be a major threat to some wildlife species. Asiatic black bears depredate crops and livestock and also attack humans. We investigated whether human–bear conflicts in Sichuan Province, southwestern China, resulted in increased bear poaching. We conducted semi-structured interviews within 429 15 × 15-km cells across the province, asking villagers about bear occurrence, population trends, attitudes toward bears, human–bear conflicts, responses to bear damage, and bear poaching. Bears raided crops (n = 174 cells), killed livestock (n = 114 cells), and attacked people (n = 49 cells). Fifty percent and 43% of villagers held negative and neutral attitudes toward bears, respectively; attitudes were more negative among people who had previous interactions with bears or lived where bear encounters were more likely. Although killing bears was illegal, villagers in 117 cells (38%) indicated that bear poaching occurred around their villages. However, killing bears was not significantly linked to damage: indeed, killing was more common in areas without human–bear conflicts. Poachers killed bears mainly for trade of their valuable parts (gall bladder and paws, 78.5%). Tibetan people experienced bear damage and also had negative attitudes toward bears, but reported less poaching than Han or Yi people, due to their religious beliefs. Our study indicated that human-wildlife conflicts shaped people’s attitudes toward bears, but strong economic incentives, not attitudes, prompted illegal killing. Whereas mitigation of human–bear conflicts could help foster more positive attitudes toward bears and the nature reserves that protect bears, this strategy will not remove the primary threat against this species.     

Radiosensitivity and capacity for radiation-induced sublethal damage repair of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines

Understanding the inherent radiosensitivity and repair capacity of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) can aid in optimizing radiation protocols to treat this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the parameters surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF(2) ), α/β ratio and capacity for sublethal damage repair (SLDR) in response to radiation. Dose-response and split-dose studies were performed using the clonogenic assay. The mean SF(2) for three established TCC cell lines was high at 0.61. All the three cell lines exhibited a low to moderate α/β ratio, with the mean being 3.27. Two cell lines exhibited statistically increased survival at 4 and 24 h in the dose-response assay. Overall, our results indicate that the cell lines are moderately radioresistant, have a high repair capacity and behave similarly to a late-responding normal tissue. These findings indicate that the radiation protocols utilizing higher doses with less fractionation may be more effective for treating TCC.     

饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪肠道黏膜免疫应答的影响及大豆异黄酮的干预作用

本试验旨在通过研究饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪生长性能、肠道黏膜氧化相关指标、免疫因子、氧化和免疫共同相关因子的影响以及添加大豆异黄酮(SI)对其的干预作用,探讨氧化应激对新生仔猪生长、肠道免疫应答的影响机制.试验选用4日龄新生仔猪96头,分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪,各组饲粮中分别添加5%新鲜鱼油(Ⅰ组)、5%...     

RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF FELINE APPENDICULAR DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE VS. MACROSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is common in domesticated cats. Our purpose was to describe how radiographic findings thought to indicate feline DJD relate to macroscopic cartilage degeneration in appendicular joints. Thirty adult cats euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study were evaluated. Orthogonal digital radiographs of the elbow, tarsus, stifle, and coxofemoral joints were evaluated for the presence of DJD. The same joints were dissected for visual inspection of changes indicative of DJD and macroscopic cartilage damage was graded using a Total Cartilage Damage Score. When considering all joints, there was statistically significant fair correlation between cartilage damage and the presence of osteophytes and joint‐associated mineralizations, and the subjective radiographic DJD score. Most correlations were statistically significant when looking at the different joints individually, but only the correlation between the presence of osteophytes and the subjective radiographic DJD score with the presence of cartilage damage in the elbow and coxofemoral joints had a value above 0.4 (moderate correlation). The joints most likely to have cartilage damage without radiographic evidence of DJD are the stifle (71% of radiographically normal joints) followed by the coxofemoral joint (57%), elbow (57%), and tarsal joint (46%). Our data support radiographic findings not relating well to cartilage degeneration, and that other modalities should be evaluated to aid in making a diagnosis of feline DJD.     

甘蔗白蚁的发生现状及研究进展

从白蚁的分类与分布、对甘蔗的为害特征及发生原因和白蚁的研究进展几个方面作了概述。建议提高蔗农防治意识和加强政府政策支持,对蔗区白蚁进行综合防治。