Effect of Storage Conditions on Germination in Wheat

The percentage germination was determined for storage of wheat at four grain moisture contents (15, 18, 21 and 24 %), four temperature levels (4, 15, 25 and 40°C) and three levels of mechanical damage (0, 15 and 30 %). The effect of each level of moisture was investigated using three replicates for each temperature and each level of mechanical damage. During storage, at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 % dry matter loss (DML), germination tests were carried out on samples taken from each of the above treatments. The percentage germination was compared statistically amongst treatments. The analysis showed significant differences among most of the treatments. The percentage germination decreased very slowly at a low moisture level (15 %), low temperature (4°C) and low level of damage (0 %), while it decreased rapidly at a high moisture level (24 %), high temperature (40°C) and high level of damage (30 %). For example, the percentage germination was 41 % when the wheat was stored at 4°C, 15 % mechanical damage and 24 % moisture content after a storage time of 36.5 days, while the percentage germination was 88.3 % when the wheat was stored at 4°C, 15 % mechanical damage and 15 % moisture content after a storage time of 104 days.     

Genetic control over grain damage in a spring barley mapping population

A genetic map was constructed using DNA‐based markers in a barley mapping population derived from the cross ‘Tankard’בLivet’, that was developed to explore the genetic control over grain damage in spring barley cultivars. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were located for husk skinning, gape between the lemma and palea and splitting of the fused pericarp/testa/aleurone tissues. The QTL accounted for 70% of the genetic variation in Split and 60% of the genetic variation in Gape and Skinning. The QTL were clustered on chromosomes 1H, 4H, 5H, 6H and 7H. QTL analysis indicates the possibility of transgressive segregation for grain splitting and so the breeding of lines with more extreme splitting. This is of concern to the malting industry as, without extensive phenotypic assessment, such lines could be commercialized, as was the case of Landlord, and put malting barley supplies at risk. These findings are discussed in relation to the genetic control over traits including grain length and width.     

Genotypic effects of sorghum accessions on fecundity of sorghum head bug,Calocoris angustatus Lethiery

Summary Sorghum head bug (Calocoris angustatus Leth.) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important pest of grain sorghum in India. We studied the fecundity of head bug females reared for one to three generations on head bug-resistant and head bug-susceptible genotypes during the 1988 and 1989 rainy and 1988–89 post-rainy seasons. Head bug population increase was lower for the first, second and/or third generation when the bugs were reared on IS 2761, IS 19955, IS 14334, IS 23748, IS 16357, IS 17610, and IS 21444 compared with the susceptible controls CSH 1, CSH 5, and CSH 9. These genotypes also suffered a low grain damage (damage rating (DR) 5) (except IS 2761) compared with the susceptible controls (DR>6). A marginal decrease in fecundity was observed when the bugs were reared on IS 2761, IS 14334, IS 16357, IS 20740 and IS 17610 and then transferred to the susceptible control, CSH 1. Sorghum genotypes having lower increase in bug population across generations, suffering low grain damage, and showing adverse effects on fecundity can be used in breeding for resistance to head bugs.     

Identification of the Serious Damage in Superficial Part on Piles

Two kinds of singular signal's characteristics of upper part serious damage piles encountered in the examination of structural integrity of piles are presented. Based on vibration and wave theories, the principle of identifying the existence of the upper part serious damage piles and the method of identifying the damaged positions and severity of piles are worked out. The structure integrity of a pile including damage type and position should be identified by vibration theory of single severity of freedom from its oscillating signs of low frequency,and the damage type and position should be respectively detected by vibration theory and wave theory from the oscillating signs of high frequency. The method is of great practicability in engineering field.     

NONLINEAR ELASTIC-DAMAGE CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION OF BRITTLE ROCK AND EXPERIMENAAL VERIFICATION

on the basis of the experimental studies of mechanical properties in brittle rock,the generalized elastic modulus,generalized elastic Poisson ratio,irreversible deformation Poisson ratio and damage deformation characteristic arediscussed.And then,a new damage variable is defined.A new nonlinear elastic-damage constitutive equation is built and the damage evolution equation is proposed.The nonlinear elastic-damage constitutive equation is verified in the uniaxialcompression test of quartz sandstone in Chongqing.The results show that reasonableagreement exists between the theoretical analysis and the experimental data.     

WEIGHTING FUNCTION IN NONLOCAL STRAIN SOFTENING DAMAGE MODEL

In the paper,the weighting function is investigated which plays an importantpart in nonlocal strain softening damage model.Its expression is derived and behaviours including therelationship between the weighting function and the characteristic length of heterogeneous materialsare analyzed.The method for calculating monlocal quantities is also presented.Selecting of theweighting function has important significance for more objectively establishing nonlocal damagemodel and analysis of damage of heterogeneous materials by numerical methods.     

基于遥感技术的气象因素变化影响水稻单产定量研究

以黑龙江省五常市为研究区域，应用在水稻移栽期至成熟期选择的系列MODIS影像反演NDVI，通过NDVI间接反演LAI，并逐日拟合水稻全生育期的LAI，结合SIMRIW模型，计算研究区域2006年低温影响下的水稻单产。经演算，水稻单产值为5411．74kg／hm^2，是实际值的84％。研究结果表明应用高时间分辨率MODIS图像能够准确反演并拟合逐日LAI，可以为冷害影响下水稻单产的研究提供参考。     

低剂量辐射对小麦与窄颖赖草属间杂交的促进与损伤双重效应

以小麦、窄颖赖草为材料 ,研究了低剂量γ射线辐照花粉对远缘杂交的作用。结果表明 ,适宜低剂量 (5～ 9Gy)辐照花粉能克服杂交不亲和性提高杂交结实率 ,但同时也有一定损伤 ,种子胚胎发育受到一定影响 ,表现出低剂量辐射的双重效应。     

化学调控技术的防霜应用研究

应用不同类型化学制剂促进作物早熟缩短生育期、防霜减灾试验表明 ,利用化学制剂调节作物发育速度 ,有一定的促早熟避霜冻作用 ,且有一定矮化植株和提高产量的作用     

γ射线外照射影响粳稻生育的初步研究

用~(60)Coγ射线外照射粳稻生长植株(1、2、3、4、5、6片叶、孕键、抽穗和开花期),每个时期所用照射量为2、5、10、15、20、25kR,照射量率为96.8—99.1R/min。试验表明:1—6片叶接受~(60)Coγ射线照射的植株,辐射生理损伤具有阶段性,照射后新长出的3片叶是辐射损伤最为明显的部位,通过照射后的株高增长曲线,可粗略预报辐照后减产10％、50％、90％的植株。水稻一生中孕穗期是对γ辐射最为敏感的时期,5kR便可减产80％,10kR减产100％。