饲喂添加酶制剂的玉米青贮、稻草日粮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响

将20头荷期坦牛随机分为2组，每组10头，试验组在精料中添加2kg／t复合酶和200g／t木聚糖酶，对照组不添加，两组粗料均为玉米青贮和稻草。结果显示，试验组对提高奶牛采食量和产奶量有一定效果，每千克奶饲料费比对照组减少0.3元。     

Influence of phytase and xylanase supplementation of a wheat-based diet on ileal and total tract digestibility in growing pigs

The effect of phytase and xylanase supplementation of a wheat-based pig diet on the ileal and total tract apparent digestibility of dietary components and minerals were studied in eight growing pigs fitted with a PVTC cannula in a randomized block design experiment. The diets (A and B) were similar in major ingredient composition and in nutrient content. In diet A, part of the limestone was replaced with di-calcium phosphate to increase the content of available phosphorus (P). Diet B was fed without or with supplementation with phytase (500 FTU/kg; diet BP), xylanase (4000 XU/kg; diet BX) and phytase + xylanase (500 FTU and 4000 XU/kg; diet BPX). There were no differences (P > 0.05) between diets in the ileal or total tract digestibility of organic matter (OM), NDF and crude protein (CP). The ileal and total tract digestibility for P and Ca differed (P < 0.05) between diets, while there were no treatment effects for Zn. The ileal and total tract digestibility for P and Ca was higher (P < 0.05) on diets BP and BPX than on the other diets. In conclusion, phytase improved the utilization of dietary P and Ca in a wheat-based diet, while xylanase had no additional benefits in terms of OM and CP digestibility or mineral utilization. Phytase had no effect on the digestibility of OM, CP or NDF.     

1株产碱性木聚糖酶的芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及其相关研究

分离到1株产碱性木聚糖酶的革兰氏阳性菌株,通过菌落形态及16srDNA序列同源性分析,确定该菌株为短小芽孢杆菌。生长条件和产酶条件研究结果显示,最适温度和pH分别为50℃和pH8·0。培养基优化试验显示在有机和无机混合氮源条件下(NH4NO30·57%;牛肉膏1%;蛋白胨0·5%;酵母提取物0·5%;木聚糖0·5%)木聚糖酶产量达到最高(180U/mL)。酶学试验表明最适反应条件为50℃,pH8~9;在pH9的条件下,孵育120min时仍具有75%的活力,表明该酶具有较强的碱耐受性。     

黑曲霉产木聚糖酶稳定性的研究

研究了无机离子、pH值、温度对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)产木聚糖酶稳定性的影响。试验结果表明：不同种类、不同浓度的无机离子对木聚糖酶活性表现出程度不同的激活或抑制作用;黑曲霉产木聚糖酶活性对pH值不敏感;温度对黑曲霉产木聚糖酶活性有显著影响。     

白灵菇产木聚糖酶营养条件的优化

以白灵菇为出发菌株,研究该菌株在不同碳源、氮源、无机盐的条件下产木聚糖酶活力大小,从中筛选出最佳培养基配方。通过测量菌丝干重,采用DNS法测定白灵菇产木聚糖酶活性大小,并根据碳源、氮源、无机盐对白灵菇产木聚糖酶的活性的影响,得出白灵菇最适培养基组成为：甘蔗渣5%、黄豆粉2%、MgSO40.15%、KH2PO40.3%、ZnSO40.01%、VB12粒。发酵液酶活力可达到60.50U/ml。     

Dietary xylanase and live yeast supplementation influence intestinal bacterial populations and growth performance of piglets fed a sorghum-based diet

This study was to evaluate the effect of xylanase supplementation and the addition of live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in piglets. One hundred and eighty commercial crossbred 23-d-old piglets (PIC 417) were sorted by initial BW and allocated to 3 treatments: control (CTR) diet, CTR diet supplemented with xylanase at 16,000 birch xylan units/kg (XYL) and XYL diet supplemented with live yeast (2 × 10¹⁰ CFU/g) at 1 kg/t (XYL + LY). Each treatment had 10 replicates, with 6 animals each. A sorghum-based diet and water were available ad libitum for 42 d of the study. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were measured from 0 to 42 d (23- to 65-d-old) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) calculated. At the end of the study, bacterial identification through 16S rRNA (V3 to V4) sequencing of the ileal and caecal digesta from one piglet per replicate was performed. No treatment effects were observed on ADFI. Pigs offered the live yeast in addition to the xylanase had increased ADG compared with those supplemented with xylanase alone (XYL + LY vs. XYL; P = 0.655). FCR was improved with XYL and XYL + LY compared with CTR (P = 0.018). Clostridiaceae counts in the ileum tended to reduce by 10% with XYL and 14% with XYL + LY compared to CTR (P = 0.07). XYL and XYL + LY increased the counts of Lactobacillaceae in the caecum compared with CTR (P < 0.0001). Dietary supplementation of live yeast combined with xylanase improved growth performance and microbial balance of piglets during the nursery phase.     

Evaluation of xylanase and a fermentable xylo-oligosaccharide on performance and ileal digestibility of broiler chickens fed energy and amino acid deficient diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a product consisting of a combination of xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharide (STBIO) on performance and ileal digestibility of broiler chickens fed energy and amino acid (AA) deficient diets. Day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 8 pens per treatment, with 25 chicks per pen. Treatments based on wheat-corn-soybean meal diets were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial design: a positive control that met or exceeded nutrient recommendations (PC), a negative control diet with a 50 kcal/kg apparent metabolizable energy (AME) reduction (NC1) and NC1 with a 3% reduction in AA content (NC2), each with or without supplementation of 100 g/t of the STBIO. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio corrected for mortality (FCR) and the European production efficiency factor (EPEF) were recorded from 0 to 42 d. On d 42, ileal samples were collected to determine dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, protein and energy digestibility. A significant interaction was observed for BWG and feed intake (P < 0.001). The energy and AA reduction reduced (P < 0.05) BWG when compared to the PC. The effect of STBIO on BWG was greater in NC1 (+451 g/bird) than in NC2 (+314 g/bird) or PC (+176 g/bird) diets (P < 0.05), and that in NC2 with STBIO was equal to that in PC without STBIO, and that in NC1 with STBIO was equal to that in PC with STBIO. No interactions were observed on the EPEF or FCR; however, STBIO improved EPEF (P < 0.001) and FCR (P < 0.001) irrespective of the energy reduction or AA density. The intake of digestible DM, OM, ash and energy for the finisher period was increased with STBIO supplementation (P < 0.01). A significant interaction was observed for the intake of digestible protein. NC1 and NC2 reduced the intake of digestible protein; however, when STBIO was supplemented, it was improved in both diets to similar levels to the PC. The stimbiotic supplementation improved performance of broiler chickens fed all diets, particularly those deficient in AME and AA.     

金针菇固体培养几种胞外酶活力变化的研究

本文主要研究了金针菇菌丝体在固体培养基上生长时胞外酶的活性变化。测定了木聚糖酶、羧甲基纤维素酶和淀粉酶的活性变化及蛋白质、还原糖的含量变化。并探讨了金针菇在改变了碳源的培养基上胞外酶、蛋白质、还原糖的变化。结果表明 :金针菇在固体培养过程中 ,三种酶均有活力 ,但呈现较大差异。培养过程中蛋白质和还原糖含量随时间变化 ,且与酶活力有关。改变固体培养基中的碳源 ,则胞外酶活性、蛋白质和还原糖含量又呈不同的变化趋势     

流加氨水提高木聚糖酶活力初步研究

用正常产酶培养基和流加氨水产酶培养基培养Aspergillus niger J506,测定木聚糖酶的活性、酸性蛋白酶的活性和pH值。结果表明,用正常培养基培养时,木聚糖酶的活性在78~82 h达到产酶高峰,酶活力为226 U/mL。流加氨水培养,发酵液的pH值控制在4.0以上,木聚糖酶活力在86~90 h达到产酶高峰,活力为319 U/mL,比正常发酵提高了41.15%;而流加氨水条件下酸性蛋白酶活性从64 h开始比正常培养有明显降低。蛋白酶活力的降低和木聚糖酶活力的提高可能有一定关系。     

产酸性木聚糖酶细菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

[目的]筛选高产酸性木聚糖酶细菌,并研究其适宜发酵条件。[方法]采用透明圈法筛选产木聚糖酶活力较高的细菌,并利用单因素试验与正交试验相结合的方法对其发酵条件进行优化。[结果]试验筛选到一株高产酸性木聚糖酶细菌B26,其最佳产酶培养基为:麸皮2%、秸秆粉2%、KNO30.8%、TW-80 0.6%,此时该菌所产木聚糖酶活性达1 051.25 U。[结论]该菌株以农业废弃物秸秆和麸皮为原料,产生活性较高的酸性木聚糖酶,对于农副产品的精深加工及利用开发有重要意义。