木聚糖降解细菌的鉴定及其木聚糖酶的特性

[目的]探讨木聚糖酶的生理生化特性。[方法]采用平板活性筛选法从不同环境样品中筛选出木聚糖降解能力最强的菌株进行鉴定并对其所产粗木聚糖酶的特性进行研究。[结果]菌株GXM1被鉴定为洋葱假单胞菌,菌株GXM4为类芽孢杆菌。菌株GXMI所产木聚糖酶的最适pH为6．0,最适温度为55℃,菌株GⅫ咐所产木聚糖酶的最适pH为6．0,最适温度为50℃。2株菌株所产的木聚糖酶在40℃以下较为稳定。Mn^2＋、Ca^2＋和Zn^2＋对菌株GXM1所产木聚糖酶有显著的激活作用,而Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋和Fe^2＋对其有显著的抑制作用;Ca^2＋和Fe^3＋对菌株GXM4所产木聚糖酶有显著的激活作用,而Mn^2＋、Zn^2＋和Fe^2＋对其有显著的抑制作用。[结论]为高效木聚糖酶的生产应用奠定了理论基础。     

Effect of efficient pectinolytic bacterial isolates on retting and fibre quality of jute

Four bacterial strains with high balanced polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PNL), and xylanase with minimal cellulase activity were used in jute retting. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed that the organisms were: Bacillus sp. L6 (GQ891097), Bacillus pumilus strain EK-17 (GQ891098), B. pumilus strain Geo-03-422 (GQ891103) and B. pumilus strain IK-MB12-518F (GQ891105). The microorganisms in different combinations of consortia showed synergistic effect resulting in increased PG (35.52-46.61 IU/g cell wet weight), PNL (39.79-72.12 U/ml), xylanase (0.705-0.840 μmol/ml/min) and little cellulase (0-0.153 μmol/ml/min) activities. The organisms in different combinations of consortia reduced the retting period from 11 to 13 days as compared to 19 days in the control. Microbial inoculation produced remarkable improvement in jute fibre strength (26.62-28.91 g/tex) and fineness (2.76-2.92 tex) over control. The pH of the post-retting water samples became acidic, and the electrical conductivity (Ec), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and hardness increased. The organisms could be adopted in industrial application for extraction of jute fibre.     

5株土著真菌的纤维素降解活性分析

对分离自江苏句容市瓦屋山竹林土壤的5株真菌纤维素降解活性的分析结果表明:各菌株在CMC平板上均能较好地生长,而在CMC液体培养时仅TZ-4和TZ-15菌体干重较高;秸秆固态发酵后,TZ-4木聚糖酶活最高达355 U/g,TZ-15滤纸酶活最高达2.28 U/g,与里氏木霉相近,TZ-4和TZ-15的纤维素类物质分解能力较强,可作为功能性菌株应用于发酵床。     

低能日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响

为了验证自产木聚糖酶的添加效果并确定其适应添加量,将180只健康且体质量接近的1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每重复5只。分别添加5个水平(0、500、1 000、1 500和2 000 U/kg)的自产木聚糖酶及1 000 U/kg的商品酶,研究其对肉仔鸡生产性能、养分利用率的影响,并比较自产酶与商品酶饲养效果。结果表明,与对照组比较,添加1 000 U/kg自产木聚糖酶可显著提高日增体质量、蛋白质利用率、能量利用率及粗纤维利用率(P<0.05),并显著降低平均日采食量和料肉比(P<0.05)。添加自产木聚糖酶1 000 U/kg与商品酶1 000 U/kg相比,日增体质量、采食量、料重比和蛋白质、能量及粗纤维利用率均没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

Impact of water content on the solubilisation of arabinoxylan during xylanase treatment of wheat bran

Arabinoxylan (AX) has a major impact on the functional properties of wheat bran, and it has been shown that technological properties of bran can be improved by using endoxylanases. Enzymatic treatments are typically conducted at high water content. However, in industrial applications, low water content may be advantageous, especially when targeting dry end products. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of water content, ranging from 20 to 90%, on the efficiency of endoxylanase treatment of wheat bran. Interestingly, AX solubilisation was highest at the water contents of 40 and 90%. At water contents 50–80%, AX solubilisation was lower than at 40 and 90%. Furthermore, at low water content, less depolymerisation was detected. At water content of 40%, the bran-water mixture was transformed from powder-like into compact mass. Probably the compact consistency of the material enhanced AX solubilisation by increased breakdown of bran cell walls due to shear forces or via enhanced enzyme binding to the substrate. The results show that solubilisation of bran AX can also be efficiently performed at low water content.     

木聚糖酶的超滤纯化方法研究

[目的]寻求更高效、经济的木聚糖酶超滤方法。[方法]选用2种不同的超滤方法对木聚糖酶进行超滤,并将超滤结果进行比较。[结果]超滤过程中添加缓冲液的方法更为经济有效,超滤后分子量在30～50kDa和10～30kDa的酶液比活力较高,分别被纯化了3.55和8.41倍,蛋白质损失量较小。[结论]木聚糖酶超滤过程中添加缓冲液的方法更具有生产低聚木糖的经济价值。     

木聚糖酶在稻草浆漂白中的应用

分别采用真菌和细菌木聚糖酶对碱法稻草浆进行漂白处理,结果表明,在细菌木聚糖酶处理时,随着酶用量的增加,白度和强度都相应有所增加,但经过次氯酶盐补漂后,真菌木聚糖酶比细菌木聚糖对白度提高更有效。     

Reduction of xylanase activity in flour by debranning retards syruping in refrigerated doughs

Doughs prepared from wheat flour by milling partially debranned grain with a 60% reduction of apparent xylanase activity levels compared with flours from whole kernels showed slowed solubilisation and degradation of arabinoxylans on refrigeration at 6 °C for up to 34 d. At the same time, dough syruping was effectively suppressed. The onset of syruping was delayed from 3 d to more than 16 d, and the rate of syrup development was slowed. In addition, the dough showed better retention of consistency. Loss of water-holding capacity due to degradation of arabinoxylans is considered to be one critical factor in the changed syruping behaviour of the refrigerated doughs.     

XIP-type endoxylanase inhibitors in different cereals

Highly pure XIP-type (for Xylanase Inhibiting Protein) endoxylanase inhibitor fractions were selectively obtained with a high yield from rye, durum wheat, barley, and maize extracts by affinity chromatography with immobilised Aspergillus niger endoxylanase Xyn1 following removal of the TAXI-type (for Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor) endoxylanase inhibitors by affinity chromatography with immobilised Bacillus subtilis endoxylanase XynA. No inhibitors belonging to the XIP family occur in rice, oats, and buckwheat. N-terminal amino acid sequences of the non-wheat XIP-type inhibitors were very similar or identical to those of wheat XIP-1, a chitinase homologue. The isolated inhibitors are basic, monomeric proteins of ca. 30 kDa with pI values of at least 8.5 (rye, durum wheat, and barley XIP) and ca. 7.0 (maize XIP). They are, in general, active against fungal endoxylanases and do not hydrolyse chitin. SDS–PAGE analysis and high-resolution cation exchange chromatography suggest the presence of multiple XIP-type isoinhibitors in the different cereals.     

发酵液中木聚糖酶的纯化和性质的研究

[目的]为克隆木聚糖酶基因和构建基因工程菌提供重要的生物信息。[方法]曲霉固态发酵经硫酸铵盐析、疏水层析、凝胶过滤层析和阴离子交换层析等提纯步骤,获取纯的木聚糖酶并对其性质进行研究。[结果]该酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH为4.5;纯酶在45℃以下较稳定,在pH 5.0~9.0范围内稳定;Ca2+对该酶有促进作用,Mn2+、Pb2+、Sn2+有较强的抑制作用;其分子量为26.8kDa;该酶在波长250和280 nm处分别有最小和最大吸收峰,是典型的蛋白质特征吸收峰,它在200~230 nm范围内有一个很大的吸收峰;该酶的等电点为4.2,为酸性蛋白质;Km为9.2 mg/ml。[结论]该研究为研究木聚糖酶的功能与应用奠定了基础。