强化污泥厌氧消化预处理技术的研究进展

污泥的厌氧消化技术能够有效实现污泥的减量化、无害化与资源化,在当今许多国家得到了广泛的应用。为了提高厌氧消化过程的效率,各种化学、物理以及生物技术被用于厌氧消化的预处理。介绍了碱解处理、热处理、超声波处理、微波处理的基本原理、特点及应用前景,并对近几年研究者们所关注的一些联合预处理技术做了介绍。     

洗涤废水的处理技术研究

[目的]拓展超声辐射在废水处理方面的应用,探索降解洗涤废水的新途径。[方法]采用对比试验研究超声辐射、Fenton试剂氧化及超声-Fenton试剂耦合法对洗涤废水的降解效果;采用正交试验研究超声时间、pH值、FeSO4投加量、H2O2投加量对超声-Fenton试剂耦合法降解洗涤废水的影响。[结果]超声辐射和Fenton试剂氧化对洗涤废水的降解率都不高,超声-Fenton试剂耦合对洗涤废水的降解率在反应的前10 min随着时间的增加而急剧增加,10 min后趋于稳定,降解完全;各因素对超声-Fenton试剂耦合法降解洗涤废水的影响次序为:反应时间>H2O2投加量>FeSO4投加量>pH值。[结论]在超声-Fenton试剂耦合法降解洗涤废水过程中,当反应时间为10 min,pH值为4,FeSO4投加量为1.0 g/L、H2O2投加量为2 ml/L时,对废水的降解率最高,可达91.2%。     

牛活体采卵及其在体外受精中的应用

利用超声波活体采卵技术(ovum pick-up, OPU)对奶牛的活体采卵技术进行了研究,探讨活体采卵频率以及用FSH处理后对卵母细胞回收的影响,并对比了活体采卵与屠宰场采卵体外受精后胚胎的发育。结果表明：每周采2次与每周采1次可获卵母细胞数差异显著;用FSH在采卵前3d处理不发情母牛和发情母牛,发现两组平均获卵数差异不显著,且回收率和优质卵母细胞率差异不显著;活体采卵和屠宰场采卵的优质卵母细胞数和囊胚率差异显著。     

超声辅助液相微萃取-气相色谱法检测饮用水中有机磷农药残留

建立超声辅助分散液相微萃取(USALPME)结合气相色谱火焰光度检测器的新方法,应用于饮用水中的3种有机磷农药(杀螟硫磷、毒死蜱和苯线磷)残留的检测。对可能影响萃取效率的因素,本试验进行优化。结果为:取一只装有5mL水样的离心试管,用移液枪迅速注入30μL氯苯(萃取剂)超声10min,冰浴10min,以3 500r/min离心5min,用微量进样器吸取沉淀相1μL进样分析。在最优条件下,说明3种有机磷农药杀螟硫磷、毒死蜱和苯线磷的检出限为0.41～0.83μg/mL,相对标准偏差为11.94%～16.73%,线性的变化范围(浓度0.5～100μg/mL)在0.995 7～0.999 7之间,此方法检测饮用水中有机磷农药残留结果较满意。     

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in veterinary echocardiographers: A cross-sectional study on prevalence and risk factors

ObjectiveAssess the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and performing echocardiograms (ECHOS) in veterinarians with a cardiology focus.MethodsProspective study. A survey was submitted to the ACVIM veterinary cardiology list-serve regarding pain associated with performing ECHOS (ECHOPain). Associations of demographic and work habit variables with ECHOPain and WRMSD were evaluated with logistic regression.ResultsRespondents included 198 of 487 (41%) members, evenly divided in gender. Most (69%) were 31–50 years old. Almost all (96%) currently perform ECHOS, usually 4–5 ECHOS/week (74%), every week except vacation (93%). ECHOPain was reported by 87 people (44%), which was classified as mild/occasional in 77%, frequent/moderate in 21%, and frequent/severe in 2%. Of those with ECHOPain, 52% reported ECHOS as the sole cause, 31% reported ECHOS aggravating pain from a pre-existing problem, and 17% reported unrelated pain. The most common areas of pain were neck (54%), shoulder (52%), wrist (42%), and back (35%) with 78% reporting pain at 2 or more sites. Pain impaired job performance in 36%, required sick leave or disability in 12%, required reduction in ECHOS/day in 36%, and affected lifestyle in 22%. Ten percent of people have been diagnosed with WRMSD, of which 21% have a permanent disability. Both gender and weeks/year predicted pain with ECHOS (χ²(3) = 11.38, P = 0.01). The odds ratio for females versus males with ECHOPain was 2.23.ConclusionECHOPain is common (44%) in veterinary echocardiographers, is significantly associated with gender, and affects job performance for over one-third of pain sufferers.     

B-Mode Ultrasonographic Abnormalities and Power Doppler Signal in Suspensory Ligament Branches of Nonlame Working Quarter Horses

Information concerning B-mode ultrasonographic abnormalities and power Doppler (PD) signal in suspensory ligament branches of nonlame working Quarter Horses are not reported. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of B-mode ultrasonographic abnormalities and PD signal in suspensory ligament branches in a group of nonlame working Quarter Horses and to compare B-mode findings with PD findings of horses in two different training (barrel racing and team roping). Twenty-one Quarter Horses in training, 14 barrel racing (Group B) and seven team roping horses (Group R), were assessed by ultrasound for screening purpose. A total of 168 suspensory ligament branches were examined (B-mode and PD examinations). B-mode lesions were seen more frequently in forelimbs (25 branches) than in hindlimbs (10 branches). Power Doppler signal was not detected in suspensory ligament branches that were normal at B-mode, whereas it was visible in 22 of the 35 branches abnormal at B-mode. Horses of Group R showed more B-mode abnormalities and more PD signal in branches abnormal in B-mode.     

基于超声波的食品解冻技术研究

以牛肉为样品，对超声波解冻进行了研究，分析了在食品不超温情况下超声波频率、强度和加载方向对可解冻厚度的影响。以800kHz超声波进行实验，理论计算值与实验结果总体上是一致的，证实了超声波用于食品解冻的可行性。     

牛活体采卵及其在体外受精中的应用

利用超声波活体采卵技术(ovumpick-up,OPU)对奶牛的活体采卵技术进行了研究,探讨活体采卵频率以及用FSH处理后对卵母细胞回收的影响,并对比了活体采卵与屠宰场采卵体外受精后胚胎的发育。结果表明:每周采2次与每周采1次可获卵母细胞数差异显著;用FSH在采卵前3d处理不发情母牛和发情母牛,发现两组平均获卵数差异不显著,且回收率和优质卵母细胞率差异不显著;活体采卵和屠宰场采卵的优质卵母细胞数和囊胚率差异显著。