棕榈藤基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应条件探索

棕榈藤(rattan)是棕榈科(Palmae Juss．)藤本植物，属棕榈科省藤亚科(Calamoideae)省藤族(Calameae)植物，包括13属600余种，主要分布于热带地区。棕榈藤是热带森林宝库中的多用途植物资源，具有很高的经济价值和开发前景，是仅次于木材和竹材的重要林产品，其中黄藤(Daemonorops margaritae(Hance)Seccari)和单叶省藤(Calamus simplicifolius Wei)是我国大面积栽培的2个重要藤种。     

桤木群体遗传分化研究I.DNA提取和PCR条件的建立

桤木(ＡｌｎｕｓｃｒｅｍａｓｔｏｇｙｎｅＢｕｒｋ)为桦木科(Ｂｅｔｕｌａｃｅａｅ)植物,主要分布于四川盆地及其周边地区。桤木喜光、喜湿,根系发达,对土壤要求不严,适应性强,在长江中下游地区防护林建设中具有重要作用。国外对桤木属(Ａｌｎｕｓ)植物的研究起步较早,主要集中于生理生化方面包括生长、固Ｎ、抗涝性以及种间杂交研究等[1　3]。虽有学者利用ＲＦＬＰ研究其核糖体ＤＮＡ的基因结构、以同工酶技术研究桤木属的群体遗传变异[4　6],但未见应用ＲＡＰＤ技术的研究报道。随着现代生物技术的发展,生物多样性的检测技术日趋成熟和多…     

一种与板栗嫁接亲和性高的茅栗居群及其RAPD分析

在湖北武汉的北部山区发现一种与板栗有较高嫁接亲合性的茅栗居群，3～5年生该茅栗居群做砧木与当地品种大红袍嫁接成活率在80％以上，嫁接后20年仍然能正常结果；应用RAPD技术分析该居群与栽培板栗品种、野生板栗、锥栗的遗传关系，表明该茅栗居群与板栗的亲缘关系紧密，尤其与野生板栗接近。分析认为该茅栗与板栗嫁接亲和性高的原因可能是该茅栗居群“渗入”更多的板栗基因．     

拟单性木兰种子DNA提取方法的研究

以云南拟单性木兰种子为材料,对三种DNA的提取方法(CTAB法、SDS法、高盐-低pH值法)进行了比较.结果表明:CTAB法最适于拟单性木兰种子DNA的提取,且适宜于RAPD分析,SDS法次之,高盐-低pH值法不适合.     

辐射百合雄性不育突变体的RAPD分析

近年来,分子标记辅助育种取得了较大进展,各种标记方法的广泛使用极大地加快了新品种的选育速度。随机引物扩增DNA多态性分子标记(RAPD)因其灵敏度高、速度快,可对整个基因组进行标记且费用和技术难度较低,易于应用而倍受青睐[1],已在植物亲缘关系与品种鉴定[2～4]、遗传多样性检测[5,6]、遗传图谱的构建与基因定位[7]、辅助选择育种[8,9]、育种材料的早期的选择、突变体的鉴定等方面得到了较多的应用[10～13]。由于突变体是植物基因组(达2 0×109bp)少数位点发生突变的结果,1个随机引物仅能检测基因组的极少部分,因而突变体的检测相对困…     

筛选与杨树抗云斑天牛基因连锁的RAPD标记

筛选与杨树抗云斑天牛基因连锁的ＲＡＰＤ标记王京兆，王斌，卞学瑜，韩一凡（中国科学院遗传研究所北京１００１０１）（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所北京１０００９１）关键词杨树，云斑天牛，ＲＡＰＤ，多态性产物植物抗虫基因工程是当前比较活跃的研究领域，但真正能...     

Comparing genetic diversity in agroforestry systems with natural forest: a case study of the important timber tree Vitex fischeri in central Kenya

It is possible that current tree domestication practices undertaken by farmers reduce the genetic base of tree resources on farms, raising concerns regarding the productivity, sustainability and conservation value of agroforestry ecosystems. Here, we assessed possible changes in genetic variation during domestication in the important and heavily utilised timber species, Vitex fischeri Gürke (syn. Vitex keniensis), by comparing geographically proximate forest and farm material in central Kenya. Employing RAPD analysis, a total of 104 polymorphic markers revealed by five arbitrary primers were scored in a total of 65 individuals, 32 from forest and 33 from farmland. Despite concerns of possible genetic erosion, forest and farm stands did not differ significantly in levels of genetic variation, with H values of 0.278 and 0.269, respectively. However, Mantel tests did reveal greater geographically related associative genetic structure among individuals in farm rather than forest material, with r _M values of 0.217 and 0.114, respectively. A more detailed analysis of structure suggested this could be due to local variation in origin of some on-farm trees. Implications of data for the genetic management of V. fischeri stands during farmer-led tree domestication activities are discussed. At present, there appears little reason to reject on-farm V. fischeri as a source of germplasm for future on-farm planting or for conservation purposes, although this situation may change and will require monitoring.     

Variation in Heterobasidion annosum detected by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs

The production of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect variation in the isolates of Heterobasidion annosum with various geographical origins. Specific RAPD products were detected for each of the intersterility groups: the European S, F, P and the North American S group. There was considerably more polymorphism found among European S than P isolates. The analysis of RAPDs was shown to be a simple and a fast way to generate DNA markers specific to the previously established intersterility groups and thus useful for diagnostic purposes.     

土壤微生物多样性的分子生态学研究方法

传统的平板培养法分离培养和鉴定土壤微生物只能反映极少数微生物的信息,种类只占土壤微生物种类总数的0.1%～1%,分子生态学方法应用于土壤微生物的鉴定显示出极大的优越性.着重阐述了土壤微生物多样性的研究内容、意义及目前的采用分子生态学的方法研究土壤微生物多样性,尤其以DGGE（denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis）分子生物学技术以及RAPD（Random amplified polymorphic DNA ）随机扩增的多态性分析方法更为精确和快速,为土壤微生物多样性研究提供了一个更加广阔的前景.     

松树种子胚乳DNA的抽提与分析

运用改良SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)法,从马尾松、黄山松、黑松等松树种子胚乳中提取到较高纯度的DNA,并对其纯度、浓度及产率进行了分析.经RAPD检测表明,DNA扩增效果良好,完全能满足常规DNA实验的要求,为针叶树种等其它小粒种子DNA的提取提供了经济、快速、可靠的实验方法.