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21.
不同温度下圆叶决明降解过程红壤可溶性氮及氮水解酶动态变化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探明圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia)降解过程果园红壤供氮水平的变化规律,本研究采用模拟培养试验,研究15℃和25℃培养果园红壤硝态氮、铵态氮、可溶性总氮、可溶性有机氮含量的变化及脲酶、蛋白酶、天冬酰胺酶活性的变化。结果表明,圆叶决明降解过程果园红壤4种可溶性氮含量均显著提高,且在培养140 d达到最大值,25℃培养的效果更佳。其中,可溶性总氮、可溶性有机氮和硝态氮含量随时间的动态变化可用三次曲线方程来拟合。圆叶决明降解过程还能显著提高脲酶、蛋白酶和天冬酰胺酶的活性,其中蛋白酶活性和脲酶活性的变化可用指数方程和三次曲线方程来拟合。本研究认为圆叶决明降解过程可提高果园红壤可溶性氮含量,因此可通过翻压圆叶决明提高土壤的供氮水平。 相似文献
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Earthworms have been shown to produce contrasting effects on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and dynamics. We measured soil C and N pools and processes and traced the flow of 13C and 15N from sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) litter into soil microbial biomass and respirable C and mineralizable and inorganic N pools in mature northern hardwood forest plots with variable earthworm communities. Previous studies have shown that plots dominated by either Lumbricus rubellus or Lumbricus terrestris have markedly lower total soil C than uncolonized plots. Here we show that total soil N pools in earthworm colonized plots were reduced much less than C, but significantly so in plots dominated by contain L. rubellus. Pools of microbial biomass C and N were higher in earthworm-colonized (especially those dominated by L. rubellus) plots and more 13C and 15N were recovered in microbial biomass and less was recovered in mineralizable and inorganic N pools in these plots. These plots also had lower rates of potential net N mineralization and nitrification than uncolonized reference plots. These results suggest that earthworm stimulation of microbial biomass and activity underlie depletion of soil C and retention and maintenance of soil N pools, at least in northern hardwood forests. Earthworms increase the carrying capacity of soil for microbial biomass and facilitate the flow of N from litter into stable soil organic matter. However, declines in soil C and C:N ratio may increase the potential for hydrologic and gaseous losses in earthworm-colonized sites under changing environmental conditions. 相似文献
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为了实现快速高精度获取冬小麦氮营养指数的高光谱监测技术,利用美国SVC HR-1024I型野外光谱辐射仪对2017-2019年关中地区的冬小麦进行遥感监测,获取“三边”参数、任意两波段光谱指数和植被指数,通过相关性分析和逐步回归分析方法筛选冬小麦氮营养指数的敏感光谱参数,结合偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、随机森林算法(RFR)、支持向量机回归(SVR)和梯度增强回归(GBDT)建立冬小麦氮营养指数模型,并对模型估算精度进行验证。结果表明,从拔节期到灌浆期,各时期的氮营养指数与任意两波段光谱指数均呈极显著相关,其中拔节期氮营养指数与任意两波段光谱指数相关性均高于其他时期,且基于一阶导数光谱的归一化光谱指数和比值光谱指数与氮营养指数的相关系数最大,为0.66。拔节期基于梯度增强回归的冬小麦氮营养指数预测模型的决定系数(r2)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.96和0.05,模型验证的r2、RMSE和相对预测偏差(RPD)分别为0.95、0.12和2.12,模型预测精度最高。因此,拔节期基于梯度增强回归的冬小麦氮营养指数估算模型可用于冬小麦氮营养监测... 相似文献
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【目的】探究新疆核桃砧木苗生长特征及生理特性对氮梯度的响应,为核桃砧木苗施氮标准化的探究奠定基础。【方法】以阿克苏厚皮农家种质核桃砧木苗为研究对象,进行不同梯度的氮素诱导,测定核桃砧木苗生长及生理指标。【结果】基于氮梯度加载下的核桃砧木苗株高、地径、叶片数、叶长、光合色素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、硝酸还原酶活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性均呈上升趋势,并在15 g.a-1.m-2处理下达到最高值。【结论】适量地增施氮肥有利于核桃砧木苗的生长、提高砧木苗体内营养物质含量以及促进氮代谢能力。 相似文献
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Dense planting and less basal nitrogen (N) fertilization have been recommended to further increase rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE), respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrative impacts of dense planting with reduced basal N application (DR) on rice yield, NUE and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Field experiments with one conventional sparse planting (CK) and four treatments of dense planting (increased seedlings per hill) with less basal N application were conducted in northeast China from 2012 to 2013. In addition, a two-factor experiment was conducted to isolate the effect of planting density and basal N rate on CH4 emission in 2013. Our results show that an increase in planting density by about 50% with a correspondingly reduction in basal N rate by about 30% (DR1 and DR2) enhanced NUE by 14.3–50.6% and rice grain yield by 0.5–7.4% over CK. Meanwhile, DR1 and DR2 reduced GWP by 6.4–12.6% and yield-scaled GWP by 7.0–17.0% over CK. According to the two-factor experiment, soil CH4 production and oxidation and CH4 emission were not affected by planting density. However, reduced basal N rate decreased CH4 emission due to it significantly reduced soil CH4 production with a smaller reduction in soil CH4 oxidation. The above results indicate that moderate dense planting with less basal N application might be an environment friendly mode for rice cropping for high yield and NUE with less GHG emissions. 相似文献
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为探讨花生高产适宜根系的大小,确定作物根系生长的合理空间范围,为花生高产新品种选育和栽培提供理论依据。以高产花生品种青花7号为试材,设长×宽×深分别为40 cm×20 cm×20 cm、40 cm×20 cm×40 cm、40 cm×20 cm×60 cm、40 cm×20 cm×80 cm 4种大小不等的根土空间,采用网袋法,研究了根土空间对花生营养器官氮、磷、钾吸收积累变化的影响。结果表明,根土空间过小限制了花生根茎叶生物量、氮磷钾含量和积累量的提高,当限根深度超过60 cm后,根土空间大小对花生根茎叶生物量、氮磷钾含量和积累量的影响变小。说明限根深度超过60 cm后,根土空间大小已不是限制花生吸收氮磷钾素的关键因素,限根深度不小于60 cm的根土空间是花生获得较高产量水平的一个必要条件。 相似文献
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Optimising mineral nitrogen (N) use in crop production is inevitable target as mineral fertilisers reflect one of the highest inputs both in terms of economy and energy. The aim of the study was to compare the relationship between the rate of N fertiliser application and different measures of energy parameters exemplary data for spring-wheat in boreal climate condition in Estonia in 2006–2010. The effect of mineral N with rates 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha−1 was studied on the background of composted cow manure and without organic fertilisers. Univalent parameters, energy gain (EG) (energy output − energy input) and energy ratio (ER) (energy output/energy input) were calculated. To aggregate parameters with different units (ER and EG) we proposed two standardisation approaches for combined indices. ER maximisation gave both organic fertilisation background optimum N norms significantly lower than EG (p < 0.05) optimisation. Both the new combined indices gave optimum N norms in between the rate of ER an EG. Composted cow manure background did not affect mineral N optimisation significantly. We suggest optimisation of mineral N according to bi-dimensional parameters as they capture important features of production efficiency and are more objective using as advisory tool for sustainable production systems. 相似文献
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