小麦不育材料幼胚培养植株再生性研究

本试验对小麦两类不育材料幼胚愈伤诱导及分化进行了研究,结果表明:①N6培养基愈伤组织诱导率最高95%～100%;不同材料平均出愈率由高到低依次为雄性不育1号、雄性不育2号、雌性不育1号;②接种18～30dMS培养基最早产生不定芽分化。最早可见不定芽分化的材料为雄性不育1号,分化进程较雌性不育幼胚提早7～10d;雄性不育1号和雌性不育1号幼胚愈伤组织分别培养45,52d分化率达峰值均为100%,雄性不育2号材料在培养112d分化率达峰值67.4%;③单独加入2,4 D并随2,4 D浓度降低不定芽分化率有增加的趋势。2,4 D与KT配合使用不定芽分化率最高,达100%,以低浓度2,4 D(0.25～0.50mg·L-1)与KT(0.1～0.2mg·L-1)配合为宜。④分化不定芽在不同培养基中生长增殖不同,以C17为最佳同时附加KT0.2mg·L-1 2,4 D0.1mg·L-1分化苗可增殖6倍;再生植株移栽成活率80%以上;接种至移栽历时4个月。     

Ova transport and fertility after resection of the oviductal isthmus in pigs

The effect upon the reproduction of total resection of the oviductal isthmus, including the uterotubal and ampullary-isthmus junctions followed by end-to-end ampullo-cornual anastomosis was studied in pigs. Normal cycling gifts of proved fertility were submitted to bilateral isthmus deletion (Group I). Other gilts were submitted only to unilateral isthmic resection, while their contralateral medial isthmus was transversally cut and reanastomosed (Group II). A significantly lower nidation index was obtained after bilateral isthmic resection. The gilts in Group I which did not become pregnant and those in Group II were successfully mated during forthcoming standing oestruses, and were in association to that slaughtered on days 3, 4, or 5 of the cycle, and the characteristics and location of ova were determined. Spermatozoa fertilized the ova, and those cleaved normally in the isthmic-resected tube as well as in the sham-operated oviducts. The isthmic-resected oviduct, however, did not transport cleaved ova into the uterus at the time expected as normal. The findings suggest that the fertilized pig ova cannot reach the uterus at the normal expected time in case of total absence of the isthmic part of the oviduct, resulting in impaired fertility.     

AgNO3处理下银杏幼胚愈伤组织的形成和激素变化

采用石蜡切片技术和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),以银杏幼胚为外植体,添加0,1和5 mg/L AgNO3作处理,观察21 d内愈伤组织的形成过程,测定内源激素吲哚乙酸(IAA)、保幼激素类似物(ZR)、赤霉素(GA)和脱落酸(ABA)的变化,分析AgNO3对银杏幼胚愈伤组织分化潜能的影响。结果表明:根据解剖结构愈伤形成可分为4个阶段。第1阶段(0~7 d),IAA升高,ABA降低,表皮细胞启动脱分化。第2阶段(≥7~11 d),4种激素浓度均升高,愈伤组织和细胞团初步形成。第3阶段(≥11~16 d),GA、ABA大幅降低,细胞团大量形成。第4阶段(≥16~21 d),ABA骤降、GA迅速上升,愈伤组织和细胞团增殖。1 mg/L AgNO3处理下分生细胞团种类最多,其次为5mg/L处理,0 mg/L处理最少。研究认为,银杏幼胚愈伤组织具有较强的分化潜能,AgNO3能影响其内源激素的平衡,调控分化方向。     

热休克法诱导日本沼虾四倍体的初步研究

以热休克抑制受精卵第一次卵裂，进行日本沼虾四倍体诱导实验，热休克温度在３８、３９、４０和４１℃，于产卵２１０￣２３０分钟后，处理１￣２分钟均可获得四倍体胚胎，４０℃处理１．５分钟，四倍体胚胎诱导率达３６．８％，３８和３９℃处理２分钟后所获得的嵌合体胚胎比率大于四倍胚胎比率，而热休克温度４０℃时，四倍体率显著高于合体比率，４１℃处理时由于有丝分裂异常导致胚胎死亡率高，更适宜的处理时间有待进一步研究，     

两种颜色栉孔扇贝卵及其早期胚胎磷脂和核酸含量的比较

用钼蓝比色法和紫外分光光度法分别测定栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farrPri）两种颜色的卵子及其早期胚胎中磷脂含量和核酸含量，并进行比较。结果表明，橘红色卵子的RNA含量较浅黄色的略高，而两种颜色卵子的DNA含量却非常相似；在2细胞期，高受精率的受精卵其RNA量迅速增加，DNA和磷脂含量变化不大，但低受精率的受精卵相对未受精卵而言，其DNA、RNA和磷脂含量略有降低；在32～64细胞期，受精率高的胚胎中DNA和磷脂含量增加幅度大，RNA基本保持恒定。磷脂含量与卵子或胚胎的颜色可能有关，核酸、磷脂含量的变化与受精率高低有关。本实验旨为鉴定扇贝卵子的质量提供了科学依据。     

3种工业废水对牙鲆胚胎的毒性效应

通过室内实验，研究了印染废水、电镀废水、农药废水3种工业废水及其混合物(等体积混合)对牙鲆胚胎的毒性效应。印染废水的主要有毒物为苯胺(20mg/L)和苯酚(24mg/L)，电镀废水主要有毒物为锌(1970mg/L)、铜(9mg/L)和铅(7．5mg/L)；农药废水及混合物主要有毒物为久效磷和亚磷酸盐。实验表明，这4种类型废水对牙鲆胚胎发育孵化有显著影响的最低体积分数分别为0．5％、0．15％、0．25％和0．25％；对牙Gf胚胎起始半数致死浓度(95％可信限，体积分数)分别为3．38％(2．29％—3．87％)、0．81％(0．71％—0．92％)、1．57％(1．37％—1．82％)和1．48％(1．24％—1，76％)。以牙鲆胚胎起始半数致死浓度(体积分数)为指标，这几种工业废水的毒性顺序为电镀废水＞农药废水＞印染废水。     

基于ISSR分子标记技术的山核桃幼胚DNA甲基化初步研究

用简单序列重复区间扩增(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)DNA分子标记技术对山核桃Carya cathayensis不同发育阶段幼胚(第9周至13周)的DNA进行甲基化状态检测。结果表明:17个引物在各个发育时期山核桃幼胚样品中共扩增检测到的128个甲基化位点。甲基化比例随着幼胚的发育逐渐升高,5个时期幼胚甲基化比例依次为23.44%,25.78%,28.90%,40.62%和42.19%。进一步研究表明:5个时期均存在全甲基化位点和半甲基化位点,其中,全甲基化位点所占比例分别为7.81%,8.59%,16.40%,24.22%和25.00%;半甲基化位点所占分别为15.62%,17.19%,12.50%,16.41%,17.19%。因此,山核桃幼胚5个发育时期在基因组DNA甲基化水平上存在着较大差异(P<0.01)。     

Lipid-based transfection as a method for gene delivery in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

A major challenge to the widespread production of transgenic, knockout and knockdown zebrafish has been the absence of a simple and effective procedure for introducing macromolecules into the fertilized egg. None of the existing techniques for gene transfer in fish embryos has proven to be a major advance over cytoplasm microinjection, which is a technically demanding and time‐consuming procedure. This report addresses this need, considering that the development of protocols for lipid‐based transfection with fish embryos would considerably simplify gene transfer in this complex biological model. In this study, lipid‐based transfection with two different reporter vectors was carried out in zebrafish embryos at different developmental stages. The parameters tested included different plasmid/transfection reagent ratios as well as the influence of an added transfection enhancer reagent. When embryos were transfected in the blastula stage with a pEGFP‐N1 vector, more than 35% successfully incorporated the plasmid and expressed the fluorescent protein 24 h after transfection. The transfection enhancer did not show any significant effect in our experiments. This work presents an approach to implement this technique as a faster, cheaper and more practical alternative than microinjection.     

糖水乳蟠桃罐头加工技术研究

乳蟠桃含有丰富的营养价值,作为我国药食兼用的食品之一,具有很好的保健功能,受到人们的青睐。本实验以新疆乳蟠桃为材料,通过对蟠桃罐头的单因素、正交实验分析得到蟠桃罐头生产加工的最佳配方：糖26%（m/v）、柠檬酸0.20%（m/v）、抗坏血酸0.15%（m/v）。