水貂仔兽发育和代谢规律研究

简要概述了水貂仔兽出生时生理特点、仔貂发育、体温调节特性和仔貂代谢等特点,以便为鼬科类动物饲养及研究提供参考。     

12～16周龄笼养白鹇蛋白质需要量的研究

为探讨不同蛋白质水平相同能量水平对12～16周龄白鹇生产性能的影响。试验选用12周龄白鹇共20只,采用单因子随机分组设计,饲喂不同水平蛋白质的5种玉米-鱼粉-豆粕型日粮,结果表明：提高日粮蛋白质水平不能提高白鹇的目增重和降低其料重比,对白鹇的生长性能没有起到明显的改善。代谢能在11．3MJ／kg的情况下,12～16周龄白鹇目粮适宜的粗蛋白质营养水平为23．19％。     

西藏农区牛主要物质和能量代谢

为从主要物质和能量代谢方面揭示高海拔引起牛生产性能低下的问题,利用实地测试取样,对西藏农区14头牛的N平衡、能量物质、主要常量元素、微量元素、FHP、ADE、AME、P沉积、MEm、日增重(ADG)等代谢指标进行了分析.依据我国常规标准,大部分物质代谢值都在正常或较高的范围内,但P的沉积量较少,仅为0.090 1 g/(W0.75·d)±0.075 0 g/(W0.75·d),不及成牛需要量的1/3.FHP按Brouwer方程计算后,发现AME和FHP+EADG(体增重能耗)+ECH4(肠道内气体能)之差较大,平均值273.585 8 kcal/(W0.75·d).结果提示,西藏农区牛对P的摄入严重不足,同时AME-(FHP+EADG+ECH4)差值较大,这部分能量极有可能与高原环境物质无氧酵解或供能分解不完全有关, Brouwer方程对高海拔地区FHP的计算应进行修正.     

The prevalence and significance of hyperglycemia in hospitalized cats

Objective – To report the prevalence of hyperglycemia in cats admitted to a veterinary hospital and to determine if hyperglycemic cats had increased morbidity and mortality when compared with normoglycemic cats.
Design – Retrospective clinical study.
Setting – Community-based referral hospital.
Animals – Nondiabetic cats admitted to the hospital.
Interventions – None.
Measurements and Main Results – The medical records of nondiabetic cats admitted to the hospital over a 1-year period were reviewed. There were 182 cats that met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Information obtained included signalment, length of hospitalization, initial and highest blood glucose measurement, diagnosis, treatment, and final disposition. Sixty-three percent of cats (116/182) were hyperglycemic at the time of presentation. Total incidence of hyperglycemia at any point during hospitalization was 64% (118/182). No association was found between hyperglycemia either initially or at any point during the hospitalization and mortality. However, a significant association was documented between the presence of hyperglycemia and increased length of hospitalization (LOH) ( P =0.04). The duration of LOH was also significantly associated with the degree of hyperglycemia ( P =0.01). A number of different disease processes were represented in the study population. However, the number of cats in each disease category was small and no association could be found between any of them and blood glucose affecting mortality and morbidity.
Conclusion – The prevalence of hyperglycemia in feline patients admitted to a primary referral hospital was 64%. Cats with hyperglycemia had a longer LOH when compared with normoglycemic cats; however, presence of hyperglycemia did not impact mortality in this population of cats.     

瘦素对猪脂肪沉积与代谢调控的研究进展

瘦素（leptin）具有参与抑制摄食、能量代谢、激素分泌、骨代谢、生殖与发育和免疫等过程的生物学功能。作者综述了瘦素和瘦素受体的功能性结构及其与脂肪沉积与代谢的关系,探讨了瘦素对猪脂肪代谢的调控机制,总结了该领域当前的研究概况及研究方向。     

大气 CO2 浓度升高对水稻氮代谢影响的研究进展

自工业革命以来,大气中浓度不断升高的CO2对C3植物生长发育的影响十分显著。CO2浓度升高条件下,植物光合作用增强,C同化产物增多,C、N代谢的平衡受到影响,植株N代谢发生变化。水稻(Oryza sativa L.)作为世界上最主要的食物来源之一,其N素营养状况的变化必然引起人类食物品质的改变,近年来已成为人们关注的焦点。本文结合气室条件的研究结果,从水稻N吸收和N积累量、N浓度、N代谢相关酶、不同形态的N(主要是蛋白氮)、C/N比、根系含N分泌物以及N与光合适应的关系等方面,重点收集和整理开放式空气中CO2浓度升高(FACE,Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment)条件下水稻对N素的吸收、分配和利用等方面的研究进展,并对有待进一步深入的问题进行了探讨。     

UV-B辐射对植物物质代谢的影响

综述了UV-B辐射对植物物质代谢的影响研究进展,讨论了增强UV-B辐射对植物核酸、蛋白质、水、生长调节物质、紫外吸收物质代谢的影响,并对该领域未来的研究工作进行展望。     

细胞色素P450酶系介导的除草剂抗性研究进展

细胞色素P450酶系在生物界中广泛分布,并且是大多数除草剂代谢第一阶段的重要酶系,对除草剂抗性的形成发挥着重要作用。结合国内外细胞色素P450酶系在除草剂代谢中的研究进展,对细胞色素P450酶系参与的杂草抗性形成及其在抗除草剂转基因作物培育中的应用等方面的研究进行了综述,旨为该领域的相关研究提供参考。     

干旱胁迫下菊芋苗期糖代谢响应研究

以“青芋2号”、“青芋3号”菊芋为材料,开展了干旱胁迫对菊芋苗期糖代谢响应的研究.结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间和胁迫强度的增加,可溶性总糖呈逐步增加的趋势,其中果聚糖增加量较大.中度胁迫及重度胁迫下果聚糖含量显著提高,果聚糖在抗旱中起到重要作用;蔗糖含量随着胁迫强度及胁迫时间均呈先下降后上升趋势;葡萄糖在各胁迫下变化不显著.