一种用于香蕉叶斑病防治的新型施药技术

试验一种将内吸性农药稀释后灌注于香蕉叶柄基部防治香蕉叶斑病的新型精确定量施药技术。结果表明，这种施药技术与常规施药技术相比，防效相当，且对香蕉的生长无不良影响，而农药成本仅为常规防治的18%，农药利用率提高4倍，值得推广应用。     

Response of Cotton to Irrigation Methods and Nitrogen Fertilization: Yield Components,Water‐Use Efficiency,Nitrogen Uptake,and Recovery

Efficient crop use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical from economic and environmental viewpoints, especially under irrigated conditions. Cotton yield parameters, fiber quality, water‐ and N‐use efficiency responses to N, and irrigation methods in northern Syria were evaluated. Field trials were conducted for two growing seasons on a Chromoxerertic Rhodoxeralf. Treatments consisted of drip fertigation, furrow irrigation, and five different rates of N fertilizer (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg N /ha). Cotton was irrigated when soil moisture in the specified active root depth was 80% of the field capacity as indicated by the neutron probe.

Seed cotton yield was higher than the national average (3,928 kg/ha) by at least 12% as compared to all treatments. Lint properties were not negatively affected by the irrigation method or N rates. Water savings under drip fertigation ranged between 25 and 50% of irrigation water relative to furrow irrigation. Crop water‐use efficiencies of the drip‐fertigated treatments were in most cases 100% higher than those of the corresponding furrow‐irrigated treatments. The highest water demand was during the fruit‐setting growth stage. It was also concluded that under drip fertigation, 100–150 N kg/ha was adequate and comparable with the highest N rates tested under furrow irrigation regarding lint yield, N uptake, and recovery. Based on cotton seed yield and weight of stems, the overall amount of N removed from the field for the drip‐fertigated treatments ranged between 101 and 118kg and 116 and 188 N/ha for 2001 and 2002, respectively. The N removal ranged between 94 and 113 and 111 and 144 kg N/ha for the furrow‐irrigated treatments for 2001 and 2002, respectively.     

三大区域村庄类型分布的刻画：历史移民解读

中国农村存在巨大的区域差异,从社会结构上看,可以分为华南宗族团结型地区、中部原子化分散型地区和华北小亲族分裂型地区三大区域.通过数据挖掘和分析,发现我国出生性别比的分布极具规律性,显示出区域上的差异.结合中国南方方言形成及南方宗族型文化发育的共同历史移民根源,笔者将南方方言分布图与出生性别比地图及三大区域划分进行比较研究,具体分析了三者间高度关联性的共同历史移民根源.     

路桥过渡段施工问题研究

在路桥过渡段施工时，会因基础不同、防水措施不足、施工质量等问题产生显著的沉降差异，从而引起桥头跳车现象。路桥过渡段的施工，应做好施工勘察设计工作、处理好软性地基、选好台后填筑材料、做好台背排水、压实填土，减少台后路基的沉降，提高路基的刚度，尽力实现路桥刚柔平稳过渡，达到防治桥台跳车的目的。     

干旱胁迫下外源山梨醇对平邑甜茶耐旱性影响

测定了干旱胁迫下外源喷施50 mg/L和100 mg/L山梨醇后平邑甜茶叶片光合特性、叶片水势和新梢生长速率.结果表明:叶面喷施山梨醇可以改善受胁迫植株的光合状况,减缓叶片水势下降,减轻新梢生长受抑,提高植株耐旱性.     

In vitro effects of malathion and O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses

Oral administration of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS), an impurity present in technical formulations of malathion, has been shown to be associated with a high incidence of pneumonia in rats and to be highly immunosuppressive in mice. Based on these findings, an in vitro model was established to study the effect of this and other organophosphorus compounds on murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The organophosphorus compounds were tested for their ability to block in vitro generation of CTL responses to alloantigen and/or the expression of these cytotoxic responses. Responses were generated in C57Bl/6 (H-2^b) spleen cells to mitomycin C-blocked P815 (H-2^d) tumor cells. The cytotoxicity of the cultured splenocytes to P815 target was measured using a 4-hr chromium release assay. These data demonstrated that malathion was able to block the ability of splenocytes to sensitize to P815 at concentrations as low as 25 μg/ml, but was not able to block the expression of cytotoxicity by mature killer T cells. The same was true for OOS which had been activated by preincubation with rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS). Activated OOS blocked the generation of CTL responses at concentrations as low as 75 μg/ml while having no effect on mature cytotoxic cells. In fact, both malathion and activated OOS were no longer able to suppress CTL responses if treatment was performed as early as 24 hr after exposure to antigen. Additionally, it was demonstrated that when malathion was preincubated with PMS it was no longer suppressive and that OOS without activation failed to suppress CTL responses.     

OsI2基因的克隆及其植物表达载体的构建

在旱稻IRAT109干旱胁迫下cDNA芯片分析结果的基础上,通过RT-PCR,5'-RACE及3'-RACE方法,从IRAT109总RNA中扩增得到了干旱胁迫下芯片表达谱中上升表达强度第二的基因全长序列,命名为OsI2,全长有523 bp,并对基因序列结构进行了分析.该基因与全长cDNA文库中的CT836140.1有99%同源.OsI2基因编码产物对应1个包含57个氨基酸的开放阅读框(ORF),为一功能未知蛋白.其编码产物也可能对应两个中间相隔19 bp的较小ORFs(43个氨基酸和42个氨基酸),都是功能未知的蛋白.在pBI121载体的基础上,将OsI2基因与CaMV35S连接成功构建了pBl121-OsI2植物表达载体,为进一步研究其功能创造了条件.     

关于郭店简《老子》三组简文的传本问题

郭店一号墓墓主时代,可能尚处于《老子》传本的广泛搜罗而有待整合的阶段,因此《老子》甲、乙、丙三组可以视为郭店一号墓墓主人的三种不同搜罗本。今本《老子》的成书可能在郭店一号墓之后与韩非卒年之间,即从公元前300年到230年之间。     

质点系对任意点的动量矩定理及其应用

本文详细推导了质点系对于任意点的动量矩定理，该定理具有普遍性，由它可以导出质点系对于定点、质心、刚体作平面运动时速度瞬心的动量矩定理。运用这些定理可以很方便地求解某些问题。     

植被培育抗旱分析

随着气候的演变,植被培育面临严峻的干旱缺水形势。为进一步增强抗旱的主动性和有效性,主要以作物栽培为背景,重点论述了有关抗旱的基础问题。通过分析干旱的特点、表现形式、区域差异、相对性、降水和灌溉水的利用状况、应对干旱的策略等,以明晰抗旱的依据。认为土壤水分亏缺是干旱的主要表征;土壤干旱的滞后性,也即和大气干旱的非同步性,是抗旱的一个重要依据。通过对抗旱途径的讨论,细分出避旱、御旱二个方面,并且认为御旱应当是正常的生产方式。抗旱具有高效、节约用水的特征,直接抗旱和间接抗旱都是必要的。最后,还补充阐述了水文干旱、降水资源化利用的意义。