《动物性食品卫生学》实验教学改革初探

在《动物性食品卫生学》的实验教学过程中,通过合理地选择实验内容、改进教学方法、更新教学手段、完善考核方式等一系列改革措施,激发了学生学习的积极性,增强了学生的动手能力和思维的创新与发散性,提高了实验教学的质量。     

加快发展湖北“两高一优”畜牧业

为大力发展畜牧业生产,使畜牧业产值达到农业总产值的1／3,真正实现“三分天下有其一”,结合湖北省畜牧业生产实际,就如何发展湖北省高产、优质、高效的畜牧业,提出5种发展模式6大改进措施,以加快发展湖北省“两高一优”畜牧业生产。     

模拟酸雨对菜园土壤施用猪粪后重金属释放的影响

    采用平衡培养方法,研究模拟酸雨对菜园土壤施用富含重金属猪粪后重金属释放的影响结果表明,pH 36的模拟酸雨培养10 d可导致菜园土壤明显酸化,土壤溶液中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb等重金属浓度和累积释放量显著高于pH 56的对照溶液,其中Zn和Cd的差异尤为明显,As的情况则相反尽管施用富含重金属的猪粪能缓解土壤的酸化,但菜园土壤培养液中重金属浓度显著高于对照,尤其是Zn和Cd可见,在酸雨沉降频繁的地区大量施用富含重金属的畜禽粪便,将会增加重金属对蔬菜和生态环境污染的风险     

中国畜禽遗传资源的研究进展

作为生物多样性重要组成部分的家畜遗传资源库对当今和将来人类的食品和农业生产具有主要的经济、科学及文化价值.本文论述了动物遗传资源的现状、系统分类、评价方法,动物遗传资源的保存和利用研究进展.     

Influence of organic manures on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. in relation to tissue nutrients and soluble carbohydrate in roots under field conditions

 The interaction of plant nutrients, root-soluble carbohydrate availability and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was examined in field grown cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Plant nutrients were altered through application of farmyard (cow dung, sheep manure) and green (sunnhemp, pongamia) manures. Organic amendments increased plant growth, AM fungal colonization, soluble carbohydrate concentration in roots, and spore numbers. Percent total colonization, root length with vesicles and spore numbers in soil were negatively correlated with the concentration of soluble carbohydrates within roots, which in turn were related to tissue nutrient levels. However, a positive correlation existed between soluble carbohydrate concentrations within root and root length with arbuscules. But the mycorrhizal parameters were related more to plant nutrient level and their ratios, indicating that tissue nutrients have another level of control in addition to their effect on soluble carbohydrate concentration in roots. Increased AM colonization due to organic amendment significantly reduced nutrient imbalances. The strong relationship between colonization and root-soluble carbohydrate concentration levels validates the basic assumption that mycorrhizal fungi act as a 'strong sink' for photosynthates. This study indicates that the host influences AM colonization by regulating the formation of AM fungal structures and spore formation via availability of root carbohydrates. Received: 15 January 1999     

Organic Recycling for Soil Quality Conservation in a Sub-tropical Plateau Region

The long-term effect of organic recycling on some aspects of quality in a lowland rice soil of an Indian plateau region was studied. The experiment was set up at the agricultural experimental farm of the Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Bihar, India. Two rice cultivars, and treatments with four organic supplements (cowdung manure, Leuceana leaves, decomposed farm residue and Sesbania ), chemical fertilizers (urea, superphosphate and muriate of potash) and no input were arranged in a factorial randomized block design. Organic supplements improved soil quality parameters such as water holding capacity, total organic C, microbial biomass C, urease and acid phosphatase activities of soils in comparison to chemical fertilizers and no input. Among the organic supplements, cowdung manure gave significantly higher organic C (1.39%), microbial biomass C (276.46 μg g⁻¹ dry soil), urease activity (32.79 and 21.22 μg urea hydrolized g⁻¹ dry soil h⁻¹ at 37 °C by the buffer and non-buffer method, respectively) and acid phosphatase activity (1.99 μmol p-nitrophenol released g⁻¹ dry soil h⁻¹ at 37 °C) than the others. The conversion of organic C into biomass C (2.46%) was highest in Leuceana -treated soil.     

兽药减量经济学国际前沿研究进展

为进一步厘清当前畜牧业兽药减量使用现状,研判未来的研究趋势.文章在已有文献的基础上,分析梳理并评析研究成果.结果表明,风险因素将会更多地纳入各类药物经济测量中;保健性药物及生物安全措施作为新型的减药措施发挥重要作用,并成为目前兽药减量根本性措施;减量后供求关系的变化是当前国际研究探讨的热点话题;主观意愿是兽药减量效果的...     

Transformations of carbon and nitrogen during composting of animal manure and shredded paper

Composts produced from animal manures and shredded paper were characterized in terms of their carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) forms and C mineralization. Total, water-soluble, acid-hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable C and N contents were determined on composts sampled on days 0, 11, 18, 26, 33, 40 and 59 after composting was initiated. Water-soluble and acid-hydrolyzable C and N decreased during composting, whereas non-hydrolyzable C remained relatively constant, and non-hydrolyzable N greatly increased during composting. The water-soluble forms of N were characterized by a decrease of ammomium (NH₄ ⁺-N) at the beginning of composting, followed by an increase of nitrate (NO₃ ^–-N) towards the end of composting. The mineralization of C in composted materials was generally higher at the beginning than at the end of composting, whereas no differences were observed for mineralization of C in non-hydrolyzable materials. The addition of N inhibited C mineralization in composts except in samples collected on days 40 and 59, while C mineralization was strongly stimulated by adding N to the non-hydrolyzable materials. The data suggest that the N forms in the non-hydrolyzable materials were chemically similar and not readily available to microbes, indicating that the C/N ratios often used to assess the biodegradability of organic matter and to develop compost formulations should be based on biologically available N and C and not on total N and C. Received: 12 May 1997     

双酶法在水产品水解动物蛋白制作工艺中的应用研究

本文研究了以价廉的相手蟹,悲翠贻贝,马氏珍珠贝和青鳞鱼为原料,采用双酶法水解它们的蛋白质,经减压浓缩或喷雾干燥制作水产ＨＡＰ的工艺。结果表明：（１）四种水产原料的蛋白质水争度分别为４３．４％,８２．０％,８２．６％和９３．６％;（２）水解液的脱臭除腥方法以酵母较好,脱苦以风味酶效果最佳。水产ＨＡＰ使用方便,价廉物美,具有独特的海鲜风味和特殊的营养保健功能,是一种营养保健型的食品添加剂。     

New sites expanding the “Sardinian cold‐water coral province” extension: A new potential cold‐water coral network?

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