蛋脂双优大豆新品种辛豆12的选育

辛豆12是以高油大豆品种平豆1号为母本、高蛋白大豆品种豫豆22号为父本,经有性杂交育成的蛋脂双优大豆新品种。在2011—2012年河南省夏大豆区域试验中,辛豆12平均产量3 350.18 kg/hm2,比对照豫豆22号平均增产10.25%(P0.01);2013年河南省夏大豆生产试验中辛豆12平均产量2 497.20 kg/hm2,比对照豫豆22号平均增产10.36%(P0.01)。中抗大豆花叶病毒株系SC3。该品种蛋白质(干基)含量为44.67%,脂肪(干基)含量为19.71%,蛋脂含量合计为64.38%,高于国家优质大豆标准(蛋脂总量63%)。2014年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:豫审豆2014003)。     

在线射流混药比例控制试验平台研究

以单片机STC12C5A60S2为核心控制芯片,主要包括电荷放大器、程控放大器、低通滤波器、峰值检测电路等通道,并在CCS环境下进行了系统软件设计,包括主程序设计和中断程序设计。基于此试验平台,进行了在线射流混药比例控制的试验,在离心泵电机转速变化的情况下,观察吸药流量、混合液流量和混药比的大小和变化情况。结果表明,在线射流混药比例控制试验平台可根据不同药液的浓度控制混药比,使混药比的可调范围广,提高了实时自动混药精度,证明了该试验平台方案的可行性,为进一步推广应用打下了坚实的基础。     

Bioactive 7-Oxabicyclic[6.3.0]lactam and 12-Membered Macrolides from a Gorgonian-Derived Cladosporium sp. Fungus

One new bicyclic lactam, cladosporilactam A (1), and six known 12-membered macrolides (2–7) were isolated from a gorgonian-derived Cladosporium sp. fungus collected from the South China Sea. Their complete structural assignments were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic investigation. Quantum chemistry calculations were used in support of the structural determination of 1. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by calculation of its optical rotation. Cladosporilactam A (1) was the first example of 7-oxabicyclic[6.3.0]lactam obtained from a natural source. Compound 1 exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer HeLa cell line with an IC₅₀ value of 0.76 μM.     

Structure-Activity Relationship Study of the Neuritogenic Potential of the Glycan of Starfish Ganglioside LLG-3

LLG-3 is a ganglioside isolated from the starfish Linchia laevigata. To clarify the structure-activity relationship of the glycan of LLG-3 toward rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in the presence of nerve growth factor, a series of mono- to tetrasaccharide glycan derivatives were chemically synthesized and evaluated in vitro. The methyl group at C8 of the terminal sialic acid residue was crucial for neuritogenic activity, and the terminal trisaccharide moiety was the minimum active motif. Furthermore, the trisaccharide also stimulated neuritogenesis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was rapidly induced by adding 1 or 10 nM of the trisaccharide. The ratio of phosphorylated ERK to ERK reached a maximum 5 min after stimulation, and then decreased gradually. However, the trisaccharide did not induce significant Akt phosphorylation. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with the MAPK inhibitor U0126, which inhibits enzymes MEK1 and MEK2. In addition, U0126 inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in response to the trisaccharide dose-dependently. Therefore, we concluded that the trisaccharide promotes neurite extension in SH-SY5Y cells via MAPK/ERK signaling, not Akt signaling.     

水稻甬优12产量13.5t hm~(–2)以上超高产群体的生育特征

以籼粳交超级稻甬优12为试材、四叶一心期带蘖小苗移栽,超稀植(12.45×104穴hm–2)栽培,对高产(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)、超高产(13.5 t hm–2)3个产量群体的产量及其结构、茎蘖动态、叶面积动态及干物质的积累与运转等进行了系统比较研究。结果表明,产量由高产(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)到更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)再到超高产(13.5 t hm–2),群体的颖花量不断提高,结实率和千粒重略微下降。与高产和更高产群体相比,超高产群体茎蘖数起点较高,在有效分蘖临界叶龄期及时够苗,至拔节期群体茎蘖数稳步增长,达高峰苗,此后群体茎蘖数平缓下降,成穗率近60%;群体叶面积指数生育前期较小,最大值出现在孕穗期,为9.17,此后平缓下降,成熟期在4.0以上;群体干物质积累量在拔节期略低,此后各生育时期均升高,抽穗期为14.38 t hm–2,抽穗至成熟期为9.73 t hm–2,成熟期为24.11 t hm–2;群体根系干重、根冠比及单茎伤流强度在后期(抽穗至成熟期)均较高。     

SC12型桑园作业车的研制

用 1台 8 8kW柴油机与行走系和纵、横向动力输出装置组成的牵引机为车头 ,按作业期套装旋耕器、柱塞泵、粪罐、拖箱 ,组装为桑园翻耕、喷施药液、抽吸粪液以及运输的多功能作业车。该车旋耕深度 0 15m ,耕宽 0 6m ,工效 0 115 2～ 0 15 6 0hm2 /h ,埋青率 5 0 %～ 6 0 % ;自载 10 0 0L药液 ,用横向动力输出轴传动柱塞泵输液 ,配喷枪作业射程 10～ 12m ,喷药液量 2 879～ 4 111L/hm2 ,工效 0 4 6 7～ 0 6 6 7hm2 /h ;粪罐抽、吸粪液深度 5m ,抽吸 10 0 0L粪液仅 5min ,卸毕粪液 2min ;拖箱载重量 1t,运输速度 12km/h。     

A Serine12Stop mutation in PB1-F2 of the 2009 pandemic (H1N1) influenza A: a possible reason for its enhanced transmission and pathogenicity to humans

As the scientific community scrambles to define the ancestry and lineages of the eight segments of new pandemic H1N1 strain, we looked for unique genetic events in this virus''s genome to explain the newly found enhanced virulence and transmissibility among humans. Genome annotations of this virus identified a stop mutation replacing serine at codon 12 (S12Stop) of the PB1-F2 protein, a virulence factor in influenza A viruses. Here, we discuss the significance of this finding and how it may contribute to host specialization, explaining the virtual absence of the H1N1 influenza A virus strain in pig populations. This finding is expected to lead to a better understanding of the transmission and pathogenesis of the 2009 pandemic strain.     

基于12SrRNA和ND3基因序列分析巨[鱼丕]遗传多样性及系统进化

为从分子水平研究巨[鱼丕](Bagarius yarrelli Sykes)的遗传多样性和系统进化关系,本实验对采集于怒江、澜沧江、元江3河流5种群中的60个个体进行12S rRNA和ND3基因序列的PCR扩增,同时与红河河口群体12个个体的12S rRNA和ND3基因序列进行比对分析,采用Mega5.02软件对碱基组成、Kimura-2 parameter遗传距离、可变位点等进行分析。应用DnaSP软件进行遗传多样性相关参数的计算。结果显示:12S rRNA和ND3基因序列长度分别为954 bp和346 bp(349 bp),分别定义了51个单倍型和42个单倍型,12S rRNA和ND3序列中的碱基平均含量分别为:T为20.8%、C为25.7%、A为32.1%、G为21.4%和T为29.5%、C为28.2%、A为28.1%、G为14.1%,表现出明显的A+T偏倚性;6个群体的群体内和群体间的遗传距离分别为0.003~0.284(12S rRNA),0.009~0.059(ND3)和0.004~1.062(12S rRNA),0.008~0.143(ND3);12S rRNA基因的51个单倍型和ND3基因的42个单倍型序列总的单倍型多样性(Hd)、核苷酸多样性(Pi)及核苷酸平均差异数(K)分别为0.972和0.937、0.035和0.079、31.414和27.176,均显示出丰富的遗传多样性。结合从GenBank中下载的12S rRNA和ND3基因同源序列的[鱼丕]科9属10种鱼类进行系统发育树的构建,结果表明巨[鱼丕]独自汇聚成一大单系群,怒江潞江坝群体、怒江三江口群体及澜沧江临沧群体间关系较近,澜沧江景洪群体可单独构成一个单系种群,红河河口群体、红河曼耗群体与其它巨[鱼丕]构成一单系种群后再同澜沧江景洪群体汇聚成一支。     

淮糯12田间品比试验表现及高产栽培技术探讨

【目的】探讨淮糯12田间综合表现和高产栽培技术。【方法】以皖稻68为对照品种,采用单本和双本栽插方式,研究不同栽插方式对淮糯12经济性状、抗性和产量的影响,并总结了其高产栽培技术。【结果】采用双本栽插,淮糯12穗数较皖稻68少18．0万／hm^2,穗实粒数较皖稻68多18．5粒,平均产量为8655．0kg／hm^2,较单本栽插增产20．2％,较双本栽插的皖稻68增产10．6％。田间表现抗白叶枯病,抗穗颈瘟,中感纹枯病,高抗条纹叶枯病。栽培上要注意培育壮秧、合理密植、配方施肥和病虫草害防治。【结论】淮糯12产量高、抗病性较好,分蘖力较弱,适宜双本栽插．     

中棉所12配制的2个杂交棉DNA甲基化遗传与传递

DNA甲基化在真核生物的生长发育过程中起着重要的调控作用。本研究用MSAP方法分析了中棉所12配制的2个杂交棉和亲本不同发育时期的基因组DNA 5′-CCGG位点胞嘧啶的甲基化水平及其遗传传递模式。研究表明: (1)杂交棉及其亲本不同发育时期的胞嘧啶甲基化水平不同,随着生育期的逐步推进,出现两头低而中间高现象;(2)两个杂交棉组合的DNA 甲基化总体水平为12.41%~20.05%,其中以内侧胞嘧啶全甲基化为主(约占6.90%~11.47%);(3)棉花中绝大多数CCGG胞嘧啶甲基化位点是由亲本稳定遗传给杂交种的,但杂交棉仍有1.14%~3.39%的位点显示了变异,其变异频率在不同亲本组合之间和不同发育时期都存在差异;(4)对甲基化差异条带测序分析发现,其功能涉及到富含亮氨酸重复、类PDR的ABC转运蛋白、GTP结合蛋白、病程相关蛋白、磷酸激酶、功能未知的蛋白质和反转录酶等,部分差异序列没有产生有意义的匹配。