The effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage in Tibet

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage in Tibet. Four TMR that varied in the forage sources on dry matter basis were used: (i) 52% whole‐plant corn (Control); (ii) 43% oat + 12% common vetch (OC3.6); (iii) 38% oat + 18% common vetch (OC2.2); and (iv) 33% oat + 23% common vetch (OC1.5). Silos were opened on day 45 and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N, and high lactic acid and V‐scores. With the increasing proportion of common vetch, crude protein, ether extract increased (P < 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased (P < 0.05). Under aerobic conditions, treated silages were more stable than the control silage as indicated by lower (P < 0.05) pH and yeast population. It was concluded that replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch had no unfavorable effects on the fermentation quality and improved crude protein content and aerobic stability of TMR silage. OC2.2 silage was the best among three treated TMR silages.     

生物钟基因在绒山羊皮肤中表达模式的比较

文章旨在研究绒山羊皮肤生物钟基因clock、tim、per1和cry1的表达模式,进而分析其在绒山羊皮肤组织中的作用及相互关系。生物钟基因形成一个转录-翻译反馈环,通过钟基因在绒山羊皮肤生长周期进行高表达,激活per1和cry1基因的转录-转化过程,从而在mRNA和蛋白水平的调控下进行有节律的表达。结果表明,这些生物钟基因在绒山羊皮肤中的表达量依次为:clocktimper1cry1;皮肤次级毛囊兴盛期,高振幅clock、per1、tim、cry1的节律表达分别出现在一天中的04∶00、08∶00、08∶00、16∶00;皮肤次级毛囊休止期,这些基因的高振幅节律表达分别出现在一天中的08∶00、04∶00、04∶00、16∶00。另外,cry1、per1基因的表达在生物钟基因正反馈循环中被激活,tim基因的表达在生物钟基因的负反馈循环中被激活。因此,clock、tim、per1和cry1调控下运行的钟基因反馈环是绒毛生长呈周期性现象的基础。     

复合益生菌菌液对奶牛产奶量和肠道菌群的影响

为了研究复合益生菌菌液对奶牛产奶量、乳品质量、牛群健康和肠道菌群的影响,选择20头条件相近的健康奶牛随机分为试验组和对照组,采用菌液与饲料混合的方法饲喂牛群,考察其对奶牛产奶量,肠道菌群乳品质量和牛群健康的影响。结果表明,食用复合益生菌液的每头牛比对照组平均每天可以多产2.9kg牛奶,提高产奶量14.8%,差异极显著(P0.01),经济效益显著;复合益生菌菌液可以促进肠道菌群调整,使有益菌-主要是乳酸菌成为优势菌群,并可以抑制霉菌和降解霉菌毒素,降低牛乳中体细胞数,预防隐性乳腺(房)炎。     

Effects of melatonin implantation on cashmere yield,fibre characteristics,duration of cashmere growth as well as growth and reproductive performance of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats

Background

Exogenous melatonin could induce cashmere growth. However, induced growth of cashmere fleece by melatonin implants cannot be combined with the typical growth, resulting in earlier shedding followed by another cycle of cashmere growth. To address this issue, we examine the effects on the cashmere yield, fibre characteristics, and the growth and reproductive performance of cashmere goats of planned administration of melatonin.

Methods

Eighteen half-sib, female goats were assigned to two treatments (n = 9) including a control and a treatment where melatonin (2 mg/kg BW) was implanted at the end of April and end of June. Cashmere growth and shedding were observed for approximately 1 year following implantation. Fibre samples were collected monthly to determine cumulative cashmere length. Initiation and cessation dates for cashmere growth as well as the rate of cashmere growth were calculated. Cashmere yield, weight gain of dam, kidding date, litter size, and birth weight were also recorded.

Results

Melatonin implantation increased cashmere yield by 34.5 % (control 553.7 g vs. melatonin 745.0 g; P < 0.01), cashmere length by 21.3 % (control 95.2 mm vs. melatonin 115.4 mm; P < 0.01), and decreased fibre diameter by 4.4 % (control 14.6 μm vs. melatonin 14.0 μm; P < 0.03). In melatonin-treated goats, the average initiation date was earlier than in control goats (May 18, 2013 vs. July 2, 2013; P < 0.01) but there was a similar cessation date (March 22, 2014 vs. March 27, 2014). Consequently, the duration of cashmere growth was longer in melatonin-treated goats than in control goats (307 vs.270 days; P < 0.01). The final BW, average daily gain, kidding date, litter size, and birth weight were not influenced by melatonin implantation.

Conclusions

These data indicate that melatonin implantation (2 mg/kg BW) on two occasions (late April and June) increased cashmere yield by combining the induced growth of cashmere fleece with the typical growth and decreased the fibre diameter without changing dam growth rate or reproductive performance.     

湖南野生经济植物资源分类及开发利用评价

湖南省自然条件优越，地质、地貌复杂多样，生物资源本底好，生物多样性丰富．据统计，可供利用的野生经济植物资源达2000种以上，为该省一大资源优势．本文根据野生植物资源之用途，将其分为4大类17小类，并较为详尽地论述了各类植物代表种、资源概况及开发利用前景．同时，提出了开发利用这类资源的建议，可供合理开发利用和保护这类资源时参考．     

城市园林绿化中植物生态配置研究

从分析我国城市园林植物配置的现状出发,阐述了园林植物生态配置的内涵、特点和原则,提出了园林植物生态配置应以构建人工顶级植物群落为园林设计"立意在先"的基础、以地带性植物作为绿化植物材料选择的依据、以模仿植物的自然组合作为园林植物的主要配置形式等三个方面来合理地配置植物,使城市园林绿化达到最佳的综合效果。     

南洋楹造林密度与施肥均匀设计试验

【目的】探讨栽植密度和施肥对南洋楹早期生长的影响,在揭示主要栽培因素与单株材积、蓄积量相关关系和回归模型的基础上,建立密度与施肥组合栽培模式,使良种、立地、施肥等技术要素合理配合,为经营南洋楹速生丰产林提供理论依据。【方法】采用均匀设计和随机完全区组设计试验法,对栽植密度和施肥量等4因素6水平按照均匀设计表 U6(64)建立南洋楹高效栽培试验方案;通过 Stepwise分析选择最优回归模型,确定主要栽培因素;采用 Uniform Design Version 3.00拟合林分产量与施肥量回归模型;通过二次响应面回归 Rsreg获得优化施肥量。【结果】不同试验处理的平均树高、平均胸径、单株材积和每蓄积量差异均达到极显著水平( P ＜0.01);影响南洋楹生长最主要的因素是栽植密度,从单株材积和每蓄积量平衡点考虑,最优栽植密度为3 m ×3 m;单株材积与施肥量的二次回归模型： Y3=6.54E－2+5.29E－8X22+3.47E－5X3－4.27E－5X4,复相关系数 R =0.9480,回归方程显著;优化拟合施肥量为：过磷酸钙(作基肥)274 g +尿素(作当年追肥)48 g +复合肥(作次年追肥)250 g,将此优化施肥量代入回归方程求得理论单株材积为0.0604 m3,比试验设计中单株材积最低值0.0443 m3提高36.3%;通过最优栽植密度和优化施肥栽培模式,蓄积量可达47.2905 m3·hm －2,比试验设计中最低值19.4040 m3·hm －2提高143.7%。【结论】南洋楹的速生特性在早期得到显著表达,对不同栽植密度和施肥响应积极,辅以集约栽培技术措施可以较好发掘南洋楹良种和土地的生产潜力。本研究采用均匀设计试验法建立了南洋楹最佳栽植密度与施肥组合模式,从尽可能少的试验次数中揭示出因素对指标的影响大小和规律,并且进行优化拟合设计,缩短了研究周期和提高了试验的准确性。     

干旱胁迫对植物叶片解剖结构影响研究进展

植物在生长过程中可能会遭受干旱胁迫的影响,而叶片作为植物进行光合作用的活动中心,是在干旱胁迫条件下反应最为敏锐的器官。本文对干旱条件下植物叶片表皮结构、栅栏组织和海绵组织、叶厚度、叶脉以及气孔等结构的响应及伤害表现进行综述,以期为高等植物抗旱能力研究提供参考。     

杜仲栽培技术

从苗木培育(包括播种育苗、根扦插法育苗和嫁接育苗)及丰产林(包括皮用丰产林和叶用丰产林)的营造、抚育管理、病虫害防治、采收等方面叙述了杜仲的栽培管理技术。     

植物生长调节剂GGR8在寒富苹果栽培上的应用

通过对绿色植物生长调节剂GGR8号在寒富苹果栽培上的应用进行的试验研究,结果表明:GGR8能够提高寒富苹果的品质,20、40、60 mg·kg-1等3种施用浓度在新梢生长量、含糖量、硬度方面均比对照有所提高,尤以60 mg·kg-1的施用浓度应用效果最好,其新梢生长量达到了36.7 cm,比对照增加9.3 cm;单果质量达到了240 g,比对照增加了95 g;含糖量达到了15%,比对照提高3个百分点;硬度达到了9.5 kg·cm-2,比对照增加了1.1 kg·cm-2。