Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed.     

数据密集型计算环境下的离群点挖掘算法

在数据密集型计算环境中，数据的海量、高维、分布存储等特点，为数据挖掘算法的设计与实现带来了新的挑战。基于MapReduce模型提出网格技术与基于密度的方法相结合的离群点挖掘算法，该算法分为两步：Map阶段采用网格技术删除大量不可能成为离群点的正常数据,将代表点信息发送给主节点；Reduce阶段采用基于密度的聚类方法,通过改进其核心对象选取,可以挖掘任意形状的离群点。实验结果表明,在数据密集型计算环境中,该方法能有效的对离群点进行挖掘。     

Genomewide association study reveals novel quantitative trait loci associated with resistance towards Septoria tritici blotch in North European winter wheat

Fungal diseases are a major constraint for wheat production. Effective disease resistance is essential for ensuring a high production quality and yield. One of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat is Septoria tritici blotch (STB), which influences wheat production across the world. In this study, genomewide association mapping was used to identify new chromosomal regions on the wheat genome conferring effective resistance towards STB. A winter wheat population of 164 North European varieties and breeding lines was genotyped with 15K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) wheat array. The varieties were evaluated for STB in field trials at three locations in Denmark and across 3 years. The association analysis revealed four quantitative trait loci, on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 5D and 7A, highly associated with STB resistance. By comparing varieties containing several quantitative trait loci (QTL) with varieties containing none of the found QTL, a significant difference was found in the mean disease score. This indicates that an effective resistance can be obtained by pyramiding several QTL.     

Evaluation of two commercial PRRSV antibody ELISA kits with samples of known status and singleton reactors

Two commercial PRRSV ELISA kits (IDEXX and Bionote) were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity using 476 PRRS-positive serum samples collected from 7 animal challenge experiments and 1,000 PRRS-negative sera. Both ELISA kits exhibited 100% sensitivity with sera collected 14 to 42 days post-infection, and the results from the kits were highly correlated (R²=0.9207). The specificity of IDEXX or Bionote kit was 99.9% or 99.7%, respectively. In addition, the Bionote ELISA kit was used to examine 100 sera that were determined to be falsely positive either by IDEXX 2XR or 3XR ELISA, and only 7 of these samples were found to be positive. These results indicate that both ELISA kits exhibited similar levels of sensitivity and specificity and would complement one another for the verification of false-positive samples.     

2011年-2013年滨州及其周边地区4种猪病毒性疾病的流行情况分析

通过对滨州及其周边地区2011年-2013年316个场次采集病料进行猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒与猪圆环病毒2型的检测,并对检测结果进行了统计分析,了解滨州及其周边地区上述4种疫病的流行状况。     

Feasibility analysis of NIR for detecting sweet corn seeds vigor

This paper explores the feasibility of particle-based detection and grading of seed vigor based on a self-built seed single-granulation device using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Sweet corn with uniform kernel size was used for this study. The seed samples were divided into three types, they were normal seeds, artificially aged seeds and heat-damaged seeds. A 2-part spectral acquisition of each seed were performed, one for the collection of seeds that fall into the detection zone within the separation pipe, another was on the static platform, whose collection was performed on 5 faces of each seed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify the original data of the seeds. In the 2 parts, the discriminant results of the unprocessed normal seeds and the artificial accelerated aging seeds, the untreated normal seeds and the heat-damaged seeds showed that classification accuracy was higher than 98%. The research indicates that the spectral data of different positions of seeds can reflect their activity information, and it is feasible to detect and classify seeds in real time in the detection area of the separation pipeline.     

粉条加工中添加石蜡的检测技术研究

【目的】探讨粉条加工过程中非法添加石蜡的测定方法,为食品监管提供保障。【方法】先以石蜡成品摸索石蜡测定的气相色谱质谱条件,再以石蜡成分C18H38和C24H50进行回收率和相对标准偏差试验。【结果】不同预处理方法中,超声萃取处理的C18H38和C24H50在粉条中的萃取回收率最高,分别为93.5%和91.0%;20min超声时间萃取粉条中烷烃成分较为适宜;所建立的粉条中石蜡含量测定方法的相对标准偏差为3.6～4.8,样品回收率均大于90.0%,达到定量检测要求。【结论】所建立的石蜡检测方法操作简单,测定结果准确可靠,可用于粉条中石蜡成分的定性及定量测定。     

优化施肥对春小麦产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响

2009 ～ 2010年,在宁夏引黄灌区分别以宁春11号和宁春16号小麦为供试作物,利用田间试验研究了优化施肥(OPT)和习惯施肥(CON)对春小麦产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响,表观评估了土壤—小麦体系氮素平衡.结果表明,相对于CK处理,OPT和CON都显著提高春小麦籽粒产量地上部生物量,并促进籽粒N和地上...     

基于分数阶微分视频融合的森林烟火检测算法

森林火灾检测是国内外林业应用研究的重要课题之一。及时准确地检测到森林火灾，对于森林健康及环境安全意义重大。现有的利用视频技术检测森林火灾的方法大多针对单一波段，如可见光波段或红外波段的视频信息进行分析，然而在实际应用过程中，由于森林环境复杂，基于单一波段视频信息检测火灾的结果欠佳。现阶段，基于多个波段的森林火灾检测方法非常少。本文综合利用红外及可见光视频特征，提出了一种基于分数阶微分视频融合的森林烟火检测算法，将分数阶微分理论引入红外视频和可见光视频融合中，利用分数阶微分算子对两个波段视频进行融合，然后利用背景去除法检测融合视频中的异常帧，且对异常帧图像及其与背景帧的差分图像分别进行图像分割，最终得到检测出的森林烟火区域。采用空间频率、平均梯度、森林火灾检测准确率和森林火灾检测时间误差度4个测度对本文算法和基于区域能量融合算法、基于窗口方差融合算法、基于HSI变换融合算法进行定量分析和比较。结果表明，本文算法的融合视频的融合效果最佳，并且森林火灾检测准确率和森林火灾检测时间误差均明显优于其他3种算法，说明本文提出的算法具有较好的有效性和准确性，为森林火灾检测提供了有利的新途径。      

产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌检测方法研究进展

抗生素的不合理使用使得细菌耐药性快速产生及传播，细菌耐药性已然成为重大公共卫生问题。碳青霉烯类抗生素在临床治疗中表现良好，常作为治疗多重耐药菌感染的最后一道防线，碳青霉烯耐药菌的出现对公共卫生安全产生了极大的威胁。产碳青霉烯酶是碳青霉烯耐药菌耐药的主要机制，因此，对产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌的检测至关重要。目前，对于碳青霉烯酶的检测手段以表型检测和分子生物学检测方法为主。表型检测一般易于操作，成本低廉，便于在临床进行，但在检测效率和检测用时方面差强人意。分子生物学及其他新型技术在保持高特异性和敏感性的基础上能做到快速、高通量检测，但试验检测的成本高，需专业设备和人员，部分技术在碳青霉烯酶检测领域仍有待开发。当前，多种碳青霉烯酶的检测方法可针对不同的需求和目的，并没有一项检测能满足所有情况。进行检测时，试验所需时间、操作难度、经济成本等都需列入考量，应根据实际情况选择合适的检测方法。笔者通过结合当前背景，归纳总结产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌的检测方法，从试验特异性与敏感性、可操作性、检测时间、试验成本等方面分析比较各个方法特点，以期为之后新的检测方法的开发及现有方法的改良研究提供切入点，为临床监测与检测方案的制定和实行提供思路。