Analysis on AE characteristic and its confining pressure effect of outburst coal containing gas

Briquette samples made of outburst coal are taken as study objects to study AE characteristic and its confining pressure effect by using self-developed equipment, Shimazu servo test machine and AE monitor system, and the characteristic of AE parameters are analyzed, too. The results show that in the process of outburst coal containing gas triaxial compression, there is no serious dense or sparse area of AE events, but three relative dense appear in compression phase, middle area of linear elastic stage and near peaking phase area so that the characteristic of AE events look like three peaks. But the amplitude of AE events is small and the good consistency between energy change and amplitude change is showed. Microstructure change caused by external stress field change, fracture and fragmentation of particle of samples, movement besides particle of samples and microstructure change caused by dissipation of gas are the sources of AE events. The number of AE events is reduced as the confining pressure is increased, but the influence on total number of AE events caused by confining pressure show nonlinear, expressed by quadratic function. The number of larger amplitude of AE events show decreasing tendency as the confining pressure is increased, the relation between numbers of AE events whose amplitude is more than certain value and confining pressure is expressed by quadratic function.     

煤矸石资源综合利用的途径分析——以焦作中马矿为例

以焦作中马矿区矸石山对生态环境的破坏为例,借鉴了国内外对煤矸石资源综合利用的实践经验和成果。在介绍中马矿区矸石山的立地情况和社会经济属性的基础上,分析了针对目标矿区煤矸石资源化利用的技术和途径,并探讨了我国煤矿区煤矸石资源化的前景。     

Experiments on triaxial mechanical properties of soft coal containing gas

Taking briquette specimens composed by soft coal with outbursting trends as research object, systematic research of the influence on triaxial mechanical properties of soft coal containing gas caused by confining pressure and gas pressure is done. The results show that confining pressure can significantly affect mechanical properties of soft coal containing gas, the compression phase of soft coal containing gas is obvious and the triaxial strength is increased gradually as confining pressure is increased; the influence on elastic modulus and shape of stress-strain curve is not obvious. The triaxial strength of soft coal containing gas shows decrease trend as gas pressure is increased; the influence on strength of soft coal containing gas caused by gas pressure is obvious when the confining pressure is smaller, but it is not obvious when the confining pressure is bigger. the influence caused by gas pressure on elastic modulus and deformation of yield step is not obvious; gas pressure has not only obvious mechanical effects,but also have chemical action on soft coal containing gas; stress-strain curve of soft coal containing gas can be expressed by conic, the influence caused by gas pressure can be considered as equivalent confining pressure effects.     

复垦年限及植被模式对煤矿复垦土壤微生物多样性的影响

了解露天煤矿区复垦状况及其对土壤微生物的影响机制,对于估算受损生态系统的恢复程度至关重要。该文以采用多种模式复垦的安太堡露天煤矿为研究区域,通过野外调查与采样分析,借助于Biolog EcoPlatesTM方法对复垦区和原地貌(对照)表层土壤中的微生物功能多样性状况进行了探索,评价了复垦年限和复垦植被模式对土壤微生物特征的恢复效应;并从土壤物理化学性质(土壤容重、pH值、土壤有机碳、总氮、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾)和生物性质(土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮)中筛选可反映土壤微生物功能多样性变化的代表性指示物质。结果表明:1)露天煤矿复垦年限和复垦植被模式均对土壤微生物的功能多样性有明显影响。复垦年限越长的样地中土壤微生物有较高的活性和均匀度,但丰富度较低;若样地的复垦年限较长,复垦植物种植模式对土壤微生物多样性的作用强于复垦时长对其的影响。2)从土壤微生物多样性恢复层面分析,单一植物复垦配置的优化次序为杏树、榆树和柠条,混交林配置较优的选择为柠条×刺槐。3)土壤微生物生物量碳的含量与土壤微生物功能多样性指标Shannon-Wiener指数(ρ=–0.69,P0.01)和McIntosh指数(ρ=–0.69,P0.05)显著负相关,在一定程度上可作为复垦区生物多样性指示物质。研究成果将为露天煤矿及其所在区域的生态恢复、治理和监测提供参考。     

粉煤灰条形柱在水土保持坡改梯工程中的推广应用

通过对粉煤灰条形柱的特点分析,探讨粉煤灰条形柱在坡改梯工程中的应用.认为粉煤灰条形柱的应用缓解了大竹县条石紧缺矛盾,减少了对环境的污染,提高坡改梯埂坎的安砌质量和科技含量,减少劳动强度,降低工程造价,减少水土流失,美化周边环境,应扩大粉煤灰条形柱的应用范围.     

温度对煤矸石山水分及植物生长的影响——以山西省阳泉市煤矸石山为例

 采用野外调查试验、取样和室内分析的方法,研究煤矸石山温度对水分及植被生长的影响。结果表明:煤矸石山温度在垂直方向随着深度的增加有上升趋势,与自然黄土荒坡变化趋势相反,且覆土后的煤矸石山较自然恢复煤矸石山温度变化剧烈;在垂直0～80cm的范围内,自然恢复、覆土50 cm和覆土100cm煤矸石山相邻土层（10cm）温度升高值分别为0.68、2.20和2.97℃;覆土煤矸石山水分含量在垂直方向因温度升高逐步下降,其水分含量较自然恢复煤矸石山平均高出10%～15%;在山西省阳泉市煤矸石山适宜生长的耐高温植物有灰绿藜、茵陈蒿、蒺藜、马齿苋、臭蒿、狗尾草、沙打旺和鬼针草,4种植物对温度敏感程度由高到低依次为紫穗槐>刺槐>臭椿>侧柏。     

煤矸石山植被恢复影响因子初探——以山西省阳泉市280煤矸石山为例

对山西省阳泉市280煤矸石山小气候特征、地形条件、煤矸石理化性质、水分和生物特点进行了调查分析.结果表明.煤矸石山的小气候特征表现为以干热和干旱为主.煤矸石自燃致使地温产生较大异常,局部自燃的煤矸石坡面地表温度远高于植物生长的正常温度范围.煤矸石山坡度大,堆积松散,易产生坡面侵蚀.表层煤矸石经侵蚀后,植被根系周围缺乏附着物,生长势逐渐变弱.煤矸石物理特性与黄土相比,其持水能力差,有效水分含量低,缺乏下层水分补给,直接影响到植物正常生长.自燃后的煤矸石pH值降低,表层煤矸石养分状况差,微生物种类和数量均偏少.煤矸石山植物生长状况显示,地表温度、侵蚀状况、酸性和含水量是影响植物生长的重要因子.地温高于50 ℃或pH值小于5的地区植物均不能生长.植物盖度在含水量小于15%的区域较含水量为20%的区域下降约10%～20%.在侵蚀区植物盖度下降约30%.     

基于Web的煤矿废弃地土地复垦决策支持系统设计与实现

为了克服现有煤矿废弃地土地复垦与植被恢复试验法费时费力的缺陷,根据土壤基质和气候相似性原理,采用模糊综合评价一灰色关联优势分析、基于距离的相似算法、基于规则的推理等多种数学方法,分别从植被恢复潜力评价、适生植物品种选择、土地复垦方案选择3个方面建立了相关数学模型,解决了煤矿废弃地恢复潜力的分级、先锋植物选种和土地复垦方案的确定等问题,从而为煤矿废弃地的植被恢复提供了一系列的决策支持.并使用ASENET 等编程语言结合MS Access数据库设计并开发了基于web的煤矿废弃地植被恢复的决策支持系统,该系统能为煤矿废弃地植被恢复工作提供新的研究模式和手段,并已经在辽宁省阜新矿区得到应用,结果表明系统所采用的方法科学、合理、可行.     

丛枝菌根对矿区环境修复的生态效应

针对煤矿区生态环境修复过程中存在的主要问题,通过定位监测菌根的生态来探索菌根生物技术在矿区环境治理的效应与推广模式.菌根对植物生长具有明显的促进作用,接种菌根6个月后杨树和白蜡的胸周和株高分别较对照明显增加,菌根侵染率达到80%以上,菌根与植物共生作用好.接种菌根菌6个月后,菌根际菌丝长度远远高于对照,产生的孢子数量也明显增加,接种菌根菌对于降低煤矿区环境修复成本以及增加未来生态收益具有很大的潜力,维持了矿区生态系统的稳定.     

不同处理褐煤腐殖酸对磷吸附特性的研究

采用吸附等温线的试验方法,研究了平衡溶液中磷浓度、反应时间及介质pH对不同处理的2种褐煤腐殖酸吸附磷的影响及其规律性。结果表明:在试验pH范围内,pH的升高减缓了吸附反应进行的速度,对于未经硝酸处理的样品S1,在pH为4.7时,吸附量和分配系数有一最大值,而样品S2,随着pH的升高,吸附量和分配系数一直减小;经硝酸处理后,样品对磷的吸附能力降低,一定条件下其单位吸附量仅为处理前的5.33%。适宜的固液比例可提高2个不同处理供试样品对磷的单位吸附量,其等温吸附规律可用Langmuir方程来加以描述;其吸附动力学用Elovich方程描述最佳。