玉米间作大豆、萝卜对红壤不同粒径水稳性团聚体碳氮分布的影响

为了探讨不同种植模式对红壤水稳性团聚体粒径分布以及不同粒级团聚体中有机碳、氮含量,土壤微生物量碳、氮含量的影响,选择大豆、萝卜与玉米间作及3种作物的单作进行田间试验,在作物成熟期采样,进行样品测定。结果表明:在玉米-大豆(玉//豆)、玉米-萝卜(玉//萝)、玉米单作(玉单)、大豆单作(豆单)、萝卜单作(萝单)处理中,大团聚体(> 0.25 mm)的百分含量明显高于微团聚体(<0.25 mm),其中以大团聚体中粒径为0.25~2 mm的百分含量最高且显著高于其余两种粒径,大团聚体百分含量表现为:玉//豆>玉//萝>玉单>萝单>豆单,微团聚体则与其相反。团聚体粒径中的有机碳含量表现为0.25~2 mm粒径最高、<0.25 mm粒径次之、>2 mm粒径含量最少、玉米大豆间作含量最高、玉米单作含量最低。团聚体粒级中全氮含量与有机碳分布一致,但单作的全氮含量高于间作。有机碳与全氮的C/N为间作高于单作,>2 mm粒径C/N高于其余两种粒径。微生物量碳、氮在团聚体粒径中的分布趋势一致,都表现为间作模式高于单作模式,大团聚体中的含量高于微团聚体。微生物量碳、氮的C/N为单作模式高于间作模式,微团聚体大于大团聚体。与单作相比,间作能提高土壤中水稳性大团聚体的含量,增加大团聚体粒径内的有机碳、氮及微生物量碳、氮的含量。     

山西各类沙棘叶总黄酮的含量测定

目的：研究山西不同产地及不同采收期各类沙棘叶中总黄酮的含量,为评价与开发利用沙棘叶资源提供依据。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定沙棘叶中的总黄酮含量。结果：5月-7月份沙棘叶中总黄酮含量相对较高;沁源和方山产区的沙棘叶中总黄酮含量较高。同时看到,普遍沙棘桔红果叶总黄酮含量高于橙黄果叶;沙棘雌株叶总黄酮含量高于雄株叶。结论：6月份沙棘叶中总黄酮含量最高,沁源和方山地区可能为山西沙棘叶的最佳产区。     

粳稻品种苗期耐盐指标分析及品种耐盐力鉴定

为筛选水稻耐盐品种,以10个粳稻品种为试验对象,采用对比试验的方法,分析评价1.5%NaCl水溶液对粳稻苗期各项耐盐指标的影响。耐盐指标综合分析结果表明:辽盐2号、辽粳9234、沈农9911、丰锦、辽盐糯的总体耐盐力较强;盐丰47、铁粳4号、沈农9816的总体耐盐力中等;一见钟情、松粳7号的总体耐盐力较低。     

遮荫对茶叶中儿茶素总量及构成的影响

采用不同遮荫度覆盖黄旦茶园,对茶样内儿茶素总量及酯型、非酯型儿茶素含量进行检测分析。结果显示：与CK比较,蒸青样和成茶样中儿茶素总量均随遮荫度增大而呈整体下降趋势,其质量分数分别下降了3.08%-10.61%和2.65%-21.52%;其中酯型儿茶素变幅,蒸青样为-1.63%-5.28%,小于成茶样的-19.96%-10.35%;而非酯型儿茶素的降幅,蒸青样为9.90%-24.18%,大于成茶样的2.90%-19.82%。蒸青样中酯型与非酯型儿茶素的质量分数总体虽随遮荫度增大而减少,但酯型儿茶素占总儿茶素的百分比却随之增大,增幅为4.32%-10.05%;而非酯型儿茶素占比却与之相反,下降了5.10%-15.17%;因而酯型与非酯型儿茶素含量的比值是随遮荫度增加而增大的。遮荫对茶叶内儿茶素总量及其构成的影响程度达到了或接近于种间差异水平。     

Spatiotemporal Changes in Soil Nutrients:A Case Study in Taihu Region of China

The accurate assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in soil nutrients influenced by agricultural production provides the basis for development of management strategies to maintain soil fertility and balance soil nutrients. In this paper, we combined spatial measurements from 2 157 soil samples and geostatistical analysis to assess the spatiotemporal changes in soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available phosphorus （AP） and available potassium content （AK） from the first soil survey （in the 1980s） to the second soil survey （in the 2000s） in the Taihu region of Jiangsu Province in China. The results showed that average soil nutrients in three soil types all exhibited the increased levels in the 2000s （except for AK in the yellow brown soil）. The standard deviation of soil nutrient contents increased （except for TN in the paddy soil）. Agricultural production in the 20 years led to increases in SOC, TN, AP and AK by 74, 82, 89 and 65%, respectively, of the Taihu areas analyzed. From the 1980s to 2000s all the nugget/sill ratios of soil nutrients indices were between 25 and 75% （except for AK in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s）, indicating moderate spatial dependence. The ratio of AP in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s was 88.74%, showing weak spatial dependence. The spatial correlation range values for SOC, TN, AP and AK in the 2000s all decreased. The main areas showing declines in SOC, TN and AP were in the northwest. For AK, the main region with declining levels was in the east and middle of western areas. Apparently, the increase in soil nutrients in the Taihu region can be mainly attributed to the large increase in fertilizer inputs, change in crop systems and enhanced residues management since the 1980s. Future emphasis should be placed on avoiding excess fertilizer inputs and balancing the effects of the fertilizers in soils.     

Diversity of Antioxidant Content and Its Relationship to Grain Color and Morphological Characteristics in Winter Wheat Grains

The current interest in the health beneifts of whole wheat grain has prompted breeders to further increase the concentration of antioxidants in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation in antioxidant content among Chinese wheat grains and the relationship between antioxidants and grain color and morphological characteristics. A wide variation was observed in the total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity （AOA）, of Chinese wheat varieties. Black wheat had the highest mean total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and the highest AOA, followed by red and white wheats. The grain color parameters were signiifcantly negatively correlated with total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and AOA among all of the wheat varieties examined, and grain weight was also signiifcantly negatively correlated with these traits. The same correlation between grain weight and antioxidant traits was also observed within individual groups of wheat, which indicates that grain weight may be used as an index for selecting wheat varieties with high AOA. Landraces had signiifcantly higher lfavonoid content than commercial wheat varieties. The results of this study may be useful for breeding nutrient-rich wheat varieties.     

湖北省农业全要素生产率及其收敛性分析

运用DEA-Malmquist指数方法衡量了2000～2012年湖北省农业全要素生产率的变动趋势,并将湖北省17个市州按区位因素分为鄂东、鄂西以及鄂南地区,进行了收敛性分析.结果表明：湖北省整体农业全要素生产率呈现不断增长趋势,技术进步对全要素生产率有明显的推动作用,但技术效率偏低,阻碍了农业全要素生产率的提高;湖北省全省以及3大区域的农业全要素生产率均不存在α收敛以及绝对β收敛,均存在条件β收敛,收敛结果表明,各市州之间的农业全要素生产率差距在不断扩大,但是在政策调控下可以缩小各市州之间的差距.     

组合预测模型在黑龙江省农机总动力预测中的应用

农机总动力是反映和评价农业机械化水平的一个重要指标.通过对黑龙江省农机总动力历史数据进行分析,建立了指数模型、GM（1,1）模型和BP神经网络模型3种预测模型,其次,应用基于离异系数法、二次规划法、Shapley值权重分配法分别构建组合预测模型.拟合结果表明,各种组合预测模型优于各单一模型.最后应用基于Shapley值权重分配法对黑龙江省农机总动力进行组合预测,为制定农机动力发展规划提供了依据.     

中国粮食全要素生产率及影响因素的区域分异研究

采用2001-2010年选取的我国30个省份有关粮食生产的面板数据,运用基于DEA-Malmquist生产率指数方法,对我国粮食主产区、主销区和平衡区的粮食全要素生产率增长指数进行了测算和分解,并分析了动态全要素生产率指数的时空差异及变化源泉,在此基础上,探索了全要素生产率指数及其分解值—技术效率指数、技术进步指数的外生影响因素。研究结果表明:主产区全要素生产率指数10年内平均增长0.28%,得益于技术效率的提高和技术进步,主销区呈现出粮食生产技术进步与技术效率损失并存,"双轨损失"导致全要素生产率指数平均下降0.35%,平衡区受技术进步的恶化影响导致全要素生产率指数平均下降0.69%;中央惠农政策的实施对提高主产区的粮食全要素生产率水平有显著作用,而对主销区和平衡区的影响具有一定滞后性;人均粮食生产规模和种粮机械化水平对粮食主产区的全要素生产率均有负向影响,而对粮食主销区的全要素生产率都为正向影响。对于粮食产销平衡区,人均粮食规模的扩大能够改善技术效率,但对全要素生产率和技术进步有反向抑制作用。最后,提出了有效提高粮食生产率的对策建议。     

湖北省碳排放研究:总量测算、结构特征及脱钩分析

参考国家温室气体清单指南的方法,从产业、来源、土地承载三个方面分析湖北省2001-2010年碳排放结构,测算其碳排放总量,探讨碳排放的时序特征与经济增长的关系。结果表明,湖北省第二产业碳排放较高,且产出效率低,第三产业单位碳排放效益最高;能源消费碳排放占总量的90%以上,占比远高于IPCC给出的参考值;城镇居民点及工矿用地碳排放占总量的74.98%,碳排放强度为229.92 t/hm2。十年间湖北省碳排放量由3705.66万t增长到7740.47万t,年平均增加9.65%。能源消费增长率高于碳排放增长率,是碳排放增加的主要动力,畜牧业碳排放减少7.78%。湖北省碳排放与经济增长脱钩状态以弱脱钩和扩张连接为主,2009年后出现由弱脱钩向扩张连接的状态转移,近些年经济发展质量有所下降。因此,湖北省应以经济转型升级为契机,提高碳排放利用效率,改进农业生产方式,加强土地用途管制,促进经济绿色增长。