吉林省玉米主推品种抗丝黑穗病及叶斑病性状鉴定

对吉林省玉米主推品种进行了丝黑穗病及叶斑病的抗病性鉴定。结果表明：四单158、登海1、登海9、丹638、农大108、吉单209、吉单156、垦粘1、掖单19、吉单141、吉单306等较感染丝黑穗病。多数品种均不同程度感染灰斑病、弯孢菌叶斑病及褐斑病。对丝黑穗病及叶斑病抗性均较好的品种为“吉单180”。     

特丁3911处理的玉米品种对氟嘧磺隆的耐性研究

试验研究了杀虫剂特丁3911处理的不同玉米品种对除草剂氟嘧磺隆的耐性差异。结果表明：氟嘧磺隆 特丁3911组合处理时抗性品种“Pioneer 3751 IR”表现显著抗性,但感性品种“Pioneer 3751”,氟嘧磺隆与特丁3911组合处理与单一氟嘧磺隆处理相比,出现药害上升效应。氟嘧磺隆处理的“Pioneer 3751 IR”的乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)活性高于“Pioneer 3751”品种,“Pioneer 3751”的ALS酶活性在氟嘧磺隆质量浓度为0．01μg/L时开始被抑制,ALS酶活性不受特丁3911的影响。“C-氟嘧磺隆的吸收和转移量在特丁3911处理后48h之前明显增多,向下部叶片的转移量不再增加,大部分向上部叶片转移。“Pioneer 3751 IR”品种对氟嘧磺隆的代谢率高于“Pioneer 3751”,氟嘧磺隆单一处理的代谢率高于氟嘧磺隆 特丁3911组合处理的代谢率。     

陇南早期引种油橄榄生长表现

对甘肃油橄榄主要栽培品种进行物候期、花型、结实能力及含油率的测定,结果表明：陇南现有栽培的大多数的品种都有1d或1d以上的盛花可配期,能保证品种间的充分授粉;综合考虑完全花比率和不同授粉方式结实能力测定结果,在引进的品种中,结实能力较强的品种有‘莱星’、‘皮削利’、‘城固32’、‘佛奥’、‘九峰6号’、‘鄂植8号’。通过对各品种果实含油率和脂肪酸组分及果实性状的测定结果表明,在陇南现有栽培品种中,‘科拉蒂’、‘佛奥’、‘皮削利’、‘莱星’4个品种为优良的油用品种。     

玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对暗纹东方鲀溶菌酶活性及c型溶菌酶mRNA表达的影响

以初重为(41.26±1.09)g的暗纹东方鲀为实验鱼,配制5种玉米蛋白粉使用量为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%的实验饲料,玉米蛋白粉对饲料中鱼粉的替代水平分别为0%、7.4%、14.8%、22.2%和29.6%。用实验饲料饲养暗纹东方鲀60d,研究玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对暗纹东方鲀肝胰脏、头肾和脾脏组织的溶菌酶活性及其c-型溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量的影响。结果表明,(1)暗纹东方鲀肝胰脏、头肾和脾脏的溶菌酶比活力分别为9.14、42.12和40.49U/mgprot,头肾和脾脏组织中c-型溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量分别是肝胰脏的3.76和3.24倍。(2)玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉显著影响暗纹东方鲀溶菌酶比活力。5%和10%组的肝胰脏和头肾组织溶菌酶比活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而15%和20%组肝胰脏和头肾组织溶菌酶比活力则显著低于对照组(P<0.05);5%和10%组的脾脏组织溶菌酶活力与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),而15%和20%组显著低于对照组和5%组(P<0.05)。(3)玉米蛋白粉对暗纹东方鲀c型溶菌酶基因mRNA相对表达量有显著影响(P<0.05)。肝胰脏组织中5%和10%组表达量显著高...     

Effect of fishmeal substitution with various animal and/or plant protein sources in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

The effect of dietary substitution of animal and/or plant protein sources for fishmeal on the growth and body composition of juvenile abalone was determined. Nine experimental diets in triplicate were prepared: Con, SM, PM, CM, SPM, MB, SM+CM, SM+SPM and CM+SPM diets. A 350 g kg^?1 fishmeal was included in the Con diet, and the whole fishmeal was substituted with a 580 g kg^?1 soybean meal (SM), 335 g kg^?1 poultry meal (PM), 370 g kg^?1 corn gluten meal (CM), 325 g kg^?1 silkworm pupae meal dehydrated (SPM), 590 g kg^?1 meat and bone meal (MB), the combined 290 g kg^?1 soybean meal and 180 g kg^?1 corn gluten meal (SM+CM), 290 g kg^?1 soybean meal and 160 g kg^?1 silkworm pupae meal dehydrated (SM+SPM) and 180 g kg^?1 corn gluten meal and 170 g kg^?1 silkworm pupae meal dehydrated (CM+SPM) diets respectively. All experimental diets were iso‐nitronic and iso‐lipidic. The survival of abalone fed with the SM and SM+SPM diets was higher than that of abalone fed with the CM, SPM, MB and CM+SPM diets. Weight gain of abalone fed with the SM+SPM diet was higher than that of abalone fed with all the other experimental diets, except for that of abalone fed with the SM+CM diet. The combined soybean meal and corn gluten meal (SM+CM) or silkworm pupae meal (SM+SPM) could be replaced with the whole fishmeal in the diet for abalone and improved its performance.     

Partial replacement of fishmeal with corn gluten meal,pea protein isolate and their mixture in diet of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) juveniles: Effects on growth performance,feed utilization and haematological parameters

Corn gluten meal (CGM), pea protein isolate (PPI) and their mixture (CPP, 1:1 ratio) were evaluated as fishmeal (FM) alternatives in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) juveniles (9.02 ± 0.12 g). A FM diet was designed as control, and other six diets had 20% and 40% FM protein replaced by CGM, PPI and CPP, respectively, with the supplementation of crystalline methionine, arginine and lysine. After the 8‐week feeding trial, significantly lower weight gain was found in fish fed the 40% CGM diet (p < .05), whereas other treatments had no statistical difference (p > .05). The values of feed efficiency ratio and feed intake, as well as proximate compositions of muscle and whole body, were not significantly influenced in all treatments. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine were significantly influenced by protein source. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly higher content of essential amino acid in muscle than that of the 20% PPI diet. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly lower content of serum cholesterol than other treatments (p < .05). Elevated serum superoxide dismutase activity was found in fish fed the 40% plant protein diets. In conclusion, between 20% and 40% FM protein could be replaced by CGM, while about 40% FM protein derived from PPI and CPP could be applied in black sea bream.     

强制夹持式玉米精量排种器的设计

新疆玉米种植采用地膜覆盖,膜下滴灌,膜上点播的栽培技术,针对玉米膜上精量点播的技术要求,根据强制夹持原理,提出一种新型的机械强制夹持玉米精量排种的方法,通过对3种玉米种子的物理力学特性进行测定,以及对取种、投种过程进行深入的理论分析,建立数学模型,为排种器的结构设计提供依据.在JPS-12计算机视觉技术排种器试验台上对试制排种器进行台架试验,验证了强制夹持式排种器在对玉米形状为小圆、小扁具有良好的适应性,当工作速度3.5 km/h时,单粒率＞85％,满足玉米精量播种要求.     

青贮秸秆高压缩比打包机压缩装置的设计与试验

针对目前青玉米秸秆或半青玉米秸秆粉碎后采用传统青贮方式密实度小、厌氧程度低、氨化不足、易腐烂变质、不便密封等缺点,设计了一种适用于青贮秸秆高压缩比的打包机。对打包机的关键部件压缩装置预先进行4、5、6倍等 3种压缩比的压缩成型试验,并经过正交设计及多水平分析,确定打包机最优压缩比为1∶6。基于提高打包成型率的质量目标,确定压缩箱采用2个液压油缸开闭加料活动盖板,2个主液压油缸对压进行压缩,1个液压油缸推出及保压箱保压等技术完成压缩和保压成型;根据物料压缩后由于应力松弛,存在一定程度膨胀和回弹的特性,进行设计性试验。确定打包机保压箱长、宽、高分别为600、300、365 mm。经过校验后的压缩装置实现内部有效工作区间长、宽、高分别为1 800、600、365 mm,实现体积压缩达到6∶1的较高压缩比,极大改善了青贮秸杆厌氧条件并提高了其氨化程度。     

微波法制玉米秸秆活性炭工艺条件及性能研究

以玉米秸秆为原料、ZnCl2为活化剂、微波为能源制备活性炭,通过正交试验,获得制备玉米秸秆活性炭的最佳工艺条件。将产品应用于甲醛气体的去除,并与市售活性炭进行了性能比较。发现在甲醛浓度为1．94-1．97mg／m^3的条件下,试验产品的穿透时间（tB）为12min,比市售活性炭提高20％,且吸附速度更快。     

白色水果玉米申雪甜1号的选育

为了改变当前白色水果玉米以进口为主,缺乏自主知识产权品种的现状,以WS02为母本,WS01为父本,在国内首次以SRG基因为遗传背景,选育出杂交白色超甜玉米新品种申雪甜1号。申雪甜1号春播出苗至采收77 d,株高156 cm,穗位高27 cm,果穗长锥形,穗长19.3 cm,穗粗4.5 cm,穗行数15.7行,行粒数32.4粒,籽粒白色,排列整齐,单穗净质量220～250 g,鲜百粒质量31 g,鲜出籽率63.9%,平均667 m2产量高达788 kg;鲜食糖度可以达到18%～20%,综合品质评价90.3分,尤其蒸煮品质方面的风味、色泽、甜度、果皮厚度均优于对照金菲,与对照雪甜7401相当,是可以生吃的水果甜玉米,且皮薄渣少,适口性好;抗大斑病、小斑病和茎腐病,轻感纹枯病、南方锈病,综合抗性优于对照金菲和雪甜7401。适宜在上海、浙江等地区种植。