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油橄榄最适采收期的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在油橄榄果实生长发育后期,每隔10天测定甘肃省陇南市6个油橄榄主栽品种果实生长量、单果重、成熟指数、果肉率、含水率、含油率,记录气温。2年测定结果表明,在陇南市武都白龙江河谷区,6个油橄榄品种果实的最佳采收期为:城固32在10月上旬,莱星、阿斯、佛奥在11月上旬,皮削利、鄂植8在11月中旬,除城固32外,其余品种采收期比陇南市目前制定的榨季晚10~15天;在保证油品质量的前提下,上述时期采收含油率平均提高3.42%,陇南市每年可多产橄榄油205 t;采收期10月上旬至11月下旬,榨期50天,解决了总产量和加工能力的平衡。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2020,(8)
【目的】研究不同品种花粉授粉对鸭梨幼果基部内源激素水平的影响,探究影响鸭突形成与发育的关键因子。【方法】以30 a(年)生‘鸭梨’(Pyrus bretschneideri‘Yali’)为试材,用‘脆梨‘’库尔勒香梨’和‘雪花梨’花粉进行人工授粉,在果实成熟期调查了果实鸭突率和鸭突类型组成,在授粉后10 d、20 d和35 d测定了幼果基部组织内源激素含量。【结果】采用不同梨品种花粉授粉显著影响‘鸭梨’鸭突发生率及鸭突类型组成。以‘脆梨’和‘库尔勒香梨’花粉授粉结实果实的鸭突率分别为100%和84.9%(2016)、99.8%和100%(2017),显著高于以‘雪花梨’花粉授粉结实果实的鸭突率66.7%(2016)和60.7%(2017);以‘脆梨’花粉授粉结实果实鸭突类型中典型鸭突占比较高,达95.4%(2016)和92.2%(2017),显著高于以‘库尔勒香梨’(54.2%(2016)和63.5%(2017))‘、雪花梨’(46.7%(2016)和50.0%(2017))花粉授粉结实果实典型鸭突率。在幼果发育早期,以‘脆梨’和‘库尔勒香梨’花粉授粉结实的鸭梨幼果基部组织含有相对较高的GA_3、ZR含量,较低的ABA含量,而IAA含量基本无差异‘;脆梨’花粉授粉在提高幼果基部促生长类激素含量和降低ABA含量的效应最强,其次为‘库尔勒香梨’和‘雪花梨’花粉授粉。【结论】不同梨品种花粉授粉影响‘鸭梨’鸭突发生率和鸭突类型组成,鸭突的形成和发育受内源激素调控,幼果基部高水平GA_3和ZR,低水平ABA促进鸭突形成与发育。 相似文献
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不同栽培模式对厚皮甜瓜主要性状的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以‘脆宝’、‘华月’、‘蜜宝’、‘白雪公主’4个厚皮甜瓜品种为材料,研究了不同覆盖方式对甜瓜‘脆宝’产量和品质的影响及全覆盖栽培方式对不同品种产量和品质的影响。结果表明,全覆盖栽培可以有效地提高甜瓜单株结瓜数量、单株产量和667 m2产量,且能显著提高单果质量、果肉厚度和优质瓜率。在全覆盖栽培模式下进行上述4种厚皮甜瓜品种的露地栽培,植株能正常生长发育,果实能充分成熟,且产量明显高于对照品种。因此,全覆盖栽培是一种值得推荐的栽培方式。 相似文献
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Shu-Biao Wu Graham Collins 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):665-673
SummarySelf- and cross-incompatibility of the olive cultivars Frantoio, Manzanillo, Kalamata, Pendolino, and Picual were investigated using a 5 × 5 diallel matrix. Pistils were collected seven days after controlled pollinations on the day of flower opening, and pollen tubes were detected by fluorescence microscopy. Diallel analysis showed significant specific combining ability, general combining ability and reciprocal effects between cultivars for pollen tube growth in the pistil. ‘Frantoio’ was cross-compatible, as either a male or female parent, with each of the other cultivars, but showed a high degree of self-incompatibility. ‘Manzanillo’, ‘Kalamata’, ‘Pendolino’, and ‘Picual’ were crossincompatible, and all except for ‘Manzanillo’, were self-incompatible. It is concluded that ‘Frantoio’ is a good general polleniser for the other cultivars investigated. Pollen tube growth decreased in discrete steps from stigma to upper style, and from upper style to lower style, with the result that only one, and rarely more, pollen tube penetrated ovules. The sex ratio of flowers, and pollen viability using fluroescein diacetate staining and in vitro germination, were examined. ‘Frantoio’, ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ had more than 80% perfect flowers, while ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ had less than 30%. ‘Frantoio’ had the highest pollen viability, ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ were intermediate, and ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ the lowest. Pollen staining and both in vitro and in vivo germination provided the same male fertility rankings of cultivars. 相似文献
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以草莓品种红颜为试材,在日光温室中进行土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培3种方式的促成栽培,比较不同栽培模式对草莓生长发育以及产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明:半基质栽培和高架栽培的缓苗速度明显比土壤栽培快。在物候期方面,半基质栽培草莓的初果期和盛果期均为最早,土壤栽培最晚。草莓植株长势由强到弱依次为高架栽培、半基质栽培、土壤栽培。土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培春节前每667 m~2产量分别为461.40、587.20、506.80 kg,总产量分别为1 873.96、1 873.43、1 919.42 kg。土壤栽培的草莓果实糖酸比、16种氨基酸总量、VC含量均最高,高架栽培最低。土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培每667 m~2总收入分别为51 321.20、55 084.60、53 592.40元,纯利润分别为12 276.95、18 149.42、13 523.73元,投入产出比分别为1∶1.31、1∶1.49、1∶1.34。综上所述,在日光温室促成栽培草莓时,采用半基质栽培模式早期产量高,经济效益最好;高架栽培模式总产量最高;土壤栽培模式品质最好。 相似文献
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通过植株生育期、田间主要性状、果实外观和内质等性状的比较,筛选出适合桂北生态区设施栽培的优质厚皮甜瓜品种,2010年对13个厚皮甜瓜引进品种进行品比试验,结果表明,翠甜、天仙2个品种综合性状较好,果实外观与果肉品质口感俱佳,抗病性强,适合在桂北生态区推广种植;橙露可作为晚熟品种于夏秋茬采用嫁接苗、无土基质方式栽培;京玉5号、白流星、京玉月亮品质较好,外观美丽,可作为高档礼品甜瓜、观光采摘及个性化栽培;天蜜肉质特别柔软,不适合桂北地区大多数消费者的口感习惯,建议根据不同销售市场需要有选择栽培。其余品种含糖量较低、口感偏淡,不太适合桂北生态区栽培。 相似文献
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R. Gucci E. Lodolini H. F. Rapoport 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):648-656
SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons to determine the combined effect of crop load and irrigation on yield components of olive trees (Olea europaea L. ‘Leccino’) planted at 6 m 3.8 m in a sandy-clay soil. Different crop loads were established by manual thinning of fruits. Drip irrigation was managed to maintain pre-dawn leaf water-potentials (PLWP) within the following ranges: (i) higher than –1.1 MPa (FI; fully irrigated); (ii) between –1.0 and –3.3 MPa (DI; deficit irrigated); or (iii) below –1.2 MPa, but not lower than –4.2 MPa (SI; severe deficit irrigated). The irrigation period lasted from 6 – 16 weeks after full bloom (AFB) in 2003, and from 5 – 19 weeks AFB in 2004. In 2003, full bloom was on 26 May; in 2004, it was on 3 June. Neither irrigation regime nor crop load affected flowering or flower quality the following Spring. The combined fruit yields [on a fresh weight (FW) basis] over both years in SI and DI trees were 49.0% and 81.6% of FI trees, respectively. The oil yields of SI and DI trees were 52.5% and 81.2% of FI trees, respectively. Fruit FWs in FI trees were greater than those of DI or SI trees at 8 weeks AFB. At harvest, FI trees bore the largest fruits, and SI trees the smallest fruits. The FWs of individual fruits at harvest in the FI and DI treatments decreased as crop load increased, but no such relationship was apparent for SI trees. The oil content of the mesocarp increased as PLWP increased from approx. –3.5 MPa to –1.5 MPa. The oil content of FI trees at harvest decreased from 53.1% to 45.7% dry weight as fresh fruit yield increased from 5 – 25 kg dm–2 trunk cross-sectional area. However, crop load did not have any effect on the oil content of the mesocarp in DI trees. Fruit maturation was delayed by irrigation. Maturation index also decreased (indicating delayed maturation) as the crop load on FI or DI trees increased, but did not vary with crop level in SI trees. 相似文献