木工平刨床安全事故浅析

以木工平刨伤手为顶上事件,利用事故树法进行评价,提出有针对性的预防措施,对安全生产可起到积极的作用。     

响应曲面法优化高粱挤压最佳操作参数的研究

以高粱为原料,研究系统操作参数,包括:物料含水率、喂料速度、螺杆转速、机筒温度对目标参数的影响,并以响应曲面法优化最佳操作参数,优化得到的最佳操作参数为:物料含水率15.77%,喂料速度26.97r/min,螺杆转速181.20r/min,五区温度158.28℃。     

美味牛肝菌中油脂提取工艺的研究

采用超声波辅助法提取美味牛肝菌中的油脂，在单因素（提取时间、液料比和温度）实验考察的基础上，以油脂提取率为指标，通过响应面法对美味牛肝菌油脂的提取工艺进行优化。实验结果表明：响应面回归模型显著，拟合性好，可用于预测油脂提取率；优化后的油脂提取工艺为：液料比34.2 mL/g，温度36℃，提取时间4.5 h，此条件下油脂提取率为3.54826 %，与模型预测值相符，表明优化的油脂提取工艺合理。     

Preparation of Adjuvant Diluent for Live Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever and Evaluation of its Immune Effects

The aim of this study was to develop a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as adjuvant diluents (AD) for live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that could effectively enhance the immune effect of vaccine.The AD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique.Formulations and preparation parameters were optimized with response surface design.Its stability, particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and Zeta potential were characterized.The humoral immune response and cellular immune response of the AD were evaluated with BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The particle size of the AD prepared by optimized formulation and parameters was 100.4 nm, PDI was 0.147, and Zeta potential was —28.7 mV.The experiment results showed that the AD had good stability.The AD was inoculated combined with live vaccine against CSF into BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The results showed that the live vaccine against CSF specific immune responses could be evoked in mice by co-inoculation with AD and vaccine.The cellular immune response levels in co-inoculated groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), with obvious phenomena of higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum.The result revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved with the AD.The results strongly revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved by introducing AD for effective immune-adjuvant for live vaccine against CSF.     

大球盖菇1号的分离纯化及其液体培养基优化

为缩短大球盖菇(Stropharia rugoso-annulata)1号液体种生长周期,提高菌丝体产量,为大球盖菇液体种工业化生产提供参考和依据。试验以大球盖菇1号菌丝球干质量(Y)为指标,通过Plackett-Burman设计试验,得出玉米粉、MgSO4和VB1对大球盖菇的生物量有显著影响,通过最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken响应面分析法对大球盖菇液体培养基组成进行优化,得到大球盖菇1号最适液体培养基为蔗糖20 g·L^-1、蛋白胨6 g·L^-1、酵母膏2 g·L^-1、KH2PO43 g·L^-1、MgSO44.56 g·L^-1、玉米粉4.25 g·L^-1、VB12.43 g·L^-1,通过对模型进行验证试验,大球盖菇1号菌丝生物量为1.2154 g·150-1mL-1,较基础培养基相比生物量提高36.2%,且数学模型的预测值与试验观察值相符,相对误差约为1.9%,证明响应面法优化大球盖菇1号液体培养基可行。     

基于GIS的秦巴山区土地生态敏感性评价──以陇南山区为例

生态环境敏感性评价是进行生态功能区划的前提条件,也是判断生态系统稳定性的重要手段。进行土地生态环境敏感性评价,是落实科学发展观和生态文明理念,加快实施主体功能区规划和建设国家生态安全屏障的重要举措,对推动陇南市可持续发展和维护国家生态安全具有重要意义。笔者根据陇南市山地生态系统基本特征,运用GIS技术,从土壤侵蚀、石漠化、和地质灾害3个方面对陇南市土地生态敏感性展开单因子评价和综合评价,并对综合评价结果进行趋势面分析。评价结果表明:(1)陇南市土地生态敏感性区域差异比较明显,在东西方向上为东高西低,整体呈递减趋势,在南北方向上呈现较为明显的"n"字型,南部略高于北部;(2)运用自然断点法,将陇南市土地生态敏感性分为极敏感区、高敏感区、中敏感区、低敏感区和不敏感区,分别占市域总面积的19.18%,24.61%,25.71%,16.88%和13.61%;其中极敏感区和高敏感区主要分布在宕昌县和武都区等周边地区,该区生态敏感极强,需要加强保护,开发强度不宜过高;低敏感和不敏感区域主要分布在礼县、西和县、徽县和成县等大多数区域,可以适当进行开发。     

响应面法优化干热变性莲子淀粉膜制备工艺

以干热变性莲子淀粉为主要原料,研究变性淀粉用量、甘油用量和干燥温度对干热变性莲子淀粉膜性能的影响,并采用响应面分析及加权评价函数法对膜性能指标进行综合优化,得到干热变性莲子淀粉的最佳成膜工艺条件为:变性莲子淀粉用量为3.53%,甘油用量为1.51%,干燥温度80.61℃。本研究成果将为干热变性莲子淀粉可食膜的工业化生产提供理论指导。     

Outbreak of anaplasmosis associated with novel genetic variants of Anaplasma marginale in a dairy cattle

During early lactation, dairy cows may present a transient immunosuppressive state and develop anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale. In this study, clinical anaplasmosis in dairy cattle in the Thrace region of Turkey was investigated with respect to within-herd prevalence, vertical transmission, and genetic diversity. In March and September 2015, thirty lactating cows showed primary clinical signs of anaplasmosis, including fever, anaemia, decreased milk yield, anorexia, and laboured breathing. Symptoms disappeared in most cows after administration of long-acting oxytetracycline, but nine of them (30%) died. Following diagnosis based on clinical signs, microscopy and molecular findings, blood samples were collected from apparently healthy lactating cows (n = 184), pregnant heifers (n = 39) and newborn calves (n = 24). DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed for the presence of major surface proteins (MSPs) of A. marginale, followed by sequencing to assess diversity of isolates. Microscopic examination of erythrocytes revealed A. marginale inclusion bodies in symptomatic cows. Examination of thin blood smears showed 3.8% of the lactating, clinically asymptomatic, cows to be infected with A. marginale, while nPCR detected 31.0% positive. A. marginale infection was not detected in pregnant heifers by either method. Congenital infection was found in one calf by nPCR. This is the first report of transplacental transmission of A. marginale in Turkey. The MSP4 sequence analyses showed high genetic diversity among the isolates, presenting 97.6-99.6% homology at the amino acid level. The sequences of MSP1a amplicons revealed genetic diversity providing three new tandem repeats.     

响应面法优化绿色木霉产孢子固体发酵培养基

为探讨绿色木霉固体发酵产孢子的最佳发酵培养基。运用响应面法设计试验,筛选出主要影响因子碳酸钙、硫酸铵及氯化锰,以孢子量为响应值建立二次回归方程,并借助Design Expert 8.0.6软件进行分析数据并确定优化条件。结果表明,在温度28℃,接种量15%,料水比1:0.70的培养条件下发酵7天,孢子量为8.505×10⁹CFU/g。通过优化,最终确定最佳发酵配方为：麸皮（过40目筛）50%,稻壳粉（过20目筛）30%,玉米粉（过80目筛）20%,硫酸铵1.08%,黄豆饼粉2.00%,玉米浆干粉2.00%,碳酸钙0.55%,氯化锰0.37%,pH 6.0~7.0。该配方所用原料廉价易得,发酵水平高,为大规模工业化生产提供保障。     

响应面法优化香水莲花甾醇的超声提取工艺

为了分析香水莲花的植物甾醇含量并优化其超声提取工艺,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定香水莲花中菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇的含量,再以上述3种甾醇提取量为评价指标,对液料比、超声提取温度和超声提取时间进行单因素试验,在此基础上,再采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化香水莲花甾醇提取工艺并进行验证。结果表明,影响香水莲花甾醇提取量的主次因素是液料比>提取时间>提取温度,其最优工艺条件为以95%乙醇为提取溶剂、超声功率100 W、液料比30∶1（mL/g）、超声提取温度60 ℃、超声提取时间30 min;在最优工艺条件下进行验证实验,得出香水莲花中甾醇含量为菜籽甾醇64.61 mg/100 g、菜油甾醇40.77 mg/100 g、β-谷甾醇99.04 mg/100 g,总甾醇204.42 mg/100 g,综合评分与预测值相比差异不显著（P<0.05）。研究结果为香水莲花资源的开发和利用提供参考。