小梅山猪发情周期生殖激素变化的研究

以ESR基因BB型小梅山母猪、大白母猪为研究对象,测定发情周期血清生殖激素(雌二醇、雌三醇、孕酮、促卵泡素和促黄体素)浓度,探讨小梅山猪高产的内分泌机制。结果表明:小梅山猪雌二醇、孕酮浓度均显著(P<0.05)高于大白猪,大白猪雌三醇和促黄体素浓度显著(P<0.05)高于小梅山猪,而两品种猪促卵泡素则无显著差异。初步认为在诸多生殖激素动态相互作用中,雌激素和孕酮是决定小梅山母猪(ESR基因BB型)繁殖力的主效激素。     

Effects of the Ratio of n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Maternal Diet on Immunoglobulins, Fatty Acid Composition, and Performance of Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets under Conditions of Low Maternal Energy Intake

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes.Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning (26 to 29 d),containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3∶1,8∶1 and 11∶1.The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined.There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment.As expected,large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets (P ＜ 0.01 ).The ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma ( R2 =0.55,0.80 and 0.80,respectively).Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments.Plasma leptin ( P ＜ 0.05) concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶ n-3 ratio of 8∶1.Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment.Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8∶1 ratio of n-6∶n-3.Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets.Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study ( 1.5％ ) can successfully enhance performance.     

东南景天茎插和叶插繁殖研究

研究了人工气候箱里东南景天在不同植物激素(NAA 1 000 mg/L、IBA 500 mg/L)和不同空气湿度(60％、80％)组合下茎插繁殖和在不同基质的叶插繁殖.结果表明:光照强度80％和温度20～25℃下东南景天叶插插穗在蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1基质上生根最快、根长最长、根量最多、成活率最高,且都显著优于其它基质(p＜0.05,下同);东南景天茎插在60％空气湿度下显著优于湿度80％的、插穗用IBA处理比用NAA处理要好;60％空气湿度下经IBA 500 mg/L处理过的东南景天茎插插穗的生根最快,成活率、累计发芽率、根量评分最高,发芽略慢,最长根长略短,但植株整体生长状态最好,且都明显优于其它处理,是进行茎插繁殖的最佳处理组合.该研究为东南景天的快速繁殖、资源保护以及重金属污染土壤修复应用提供技术保障.     

大花海棠“比哥”扦插繁殖试验

对引进的大花海棠绿叶红花、铜叶红花2个花色品种分别采用萘乙酸、ABT 2种植物激素进行插穗基部浸泡5s处理,扦插7d后对其生根情况进行观测.结果表明:萘乙酸、ABT生根粉对促进大花海棠各品种扦插生根效果明显,其中以ABT生根粉效果最好,萘乙酸次之.ABT生根粉以100 mg/kg浓度处理最好,大花海棠铜叶红花品种的生根率达94.5％.2个花色品种中铜叶红花各浓度处理的生根率均高于绿叶红花,栽培表现中铜叶红花植株长势强于绿叶红花.     

乙烯利对不同基因型玉米节间伸长和内源激素的影响

在玉米拔节期对12个常用玉米自交系喷施200 mg/L的乙烯利,探讨了乙烯利对不同基因型玉米节间伸长和内源激素的影响。结果表明,乙烯利处理后,除郑58、L6M、K12、豫自87-1和8085泰5个自交系各性状与对照相比无显著差异外,其余自交系表现为株高和穗位高降低,基部第3、4、5节间长度缩短,内源激素生长素(IAA)含量、赤霉素(GA4)与脱落酸(ABA)的比值降低,ABA含量升高,且差异均达显著或极显著水平,而GA4含量无明显变化规律。不同玉米自交系的形态指标(株高、穗位高和第3、4、5节间长度)和内源激素(IAA含量、ABA含量及GA4/ABA比值)均存在很大差异,相对变化百分数从6.41%到102.64%不等。各指标均能反映出不同基因型玉米植株对乙烯利的敏感性,其中,敏感性相对较强的有昌7-2、浚928、Mo17和丹340;相对较弱的有郑58、L6M、K12、豫自87-1和8085泰。     

日粮NDF水平对妊娠母兔繁殖性能、血清生化指标及激素的影响

为研究不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平日粮对妊娠母兔繁殖性能及血清生化指标和激素的影响,探讨适宜的NDF需要量,将100只体质量相近、胎次和配种日期基本一致的经产新西兰母兔随机分为5组,每组20只,分别饲喂含24%、27%、30%、33%和36%5种NDF水平的日粮。结果表明:日粮NDF水平对妊娠母兔窝产仔数和初生个体质量无显著影响(P0.05),对窝产活仔数、初生窝质量和窝活仔质量影响显著(P0.05),均以30%NDF组最高。30%NDF组血清蛋白质和葡萄糖含量及24%NDF组甘油三酯含量显著高于36%NDF组(P0.05),血清尿素氮和胆固醇浓度不受NDF水平显著影响(P0.05)。随NDF水平升高,血清IGF-1、E2、P4和PRL水平呈先升高后降低趋势,30%NDF组显著高于24%和36%NDF组(P0.05)。综合分析,妊娠母兔日粮最适宜的NDF水平为30%。     

The relationship between carcass characteristics,plasma hormones and metabolites in young fattening bulls

Six Belgian Blue bulls (double-muscled type) and six Friesian bulls were offered a fattening diet for 34 weeks. Plasma samples were obtained once a week and also every 20 min over a 24 h period, 7 weeks before slaughter.No differences were observed between the breeds in plasma glucose, urea and free amino nitrogen concentrations, while creatinine was significantly higher in the Belgian Blue bulls. Tri-iodothyronin, tetra-iodothyronin, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin and testosterone concentrations were higher in the Holstein group. In contrast, the Belgian Blue bulls appeared to produce more growth hormone. The slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and proportion of lean meat were significantly higher in the Belgian Blue group. The characteristics of muscle mass (carcass weight, dressing percentage and proportion of lean meat) were positively correlated with creatinine and with the total peak area or peak amplitude of growth hormone. The insulin concentration was positively correlated with the proportion of adipose tissue in the carcass and negatively correlated with the proportion of muscle. There were no correlations between the carcass characteristics and insulin-like growth factor 1 or testosterone. No further information was provided when the ratios of the hormones were correlated with carcass characteristics.     

提高籼稻花培绿苗诱导率的研究 Ⅰ.激素处理籼稻植株对花粉绿苗诱导率的影响

用赤霉酸(GA_3),乙烯利(CPA)、三十烷醇(TRIA)、脱落酸(ABA)、2,4-D 以及6-苄基嘌呤(BA)等激素处理孕穗植株,共处理14份籼稻材料。其中 GA_3和 CPA 对11份材科作了重复试验,证明 GA_3和 CPA 对大部分材料能大幅度提高花培绿苗诱导率,其最适浓度分别为4～7 ppm 和400ppm,但 GA_3、CPA 以及低温预处理,对少数材料的花培诱导有抑制作用。低浓度 TRIA 与 GA_3混合液的处理效果明显优于单独用 GA_3处理的。其它激素除 ABA 有一定作用外,未取得良好效果.     

Immunopathology of Chlamydophila abortus infection in sheep and mice

Chlamydophila abortus targets the placenta, causing tissue damage, inflammation and abortion (enzootic abortion of ewes). It is one of the main infectious causes of abortion in ewes, resulting in major economic losses to agricultural industries worldwide. Although ruminants and pigs are the principal hosts, humans are also susceptible to infection. Control of disease requires a host inflammatory response, which is likely to contribute to pathology and abortion. Mouse models have been widely used to provide insight into the role of specific immune cells in controlling infection and disease. The use of such model systems for investigating the mechanisms of abortion, latency, persistence, and immunity to reinfection will result in the identification of novel vaccine control strategies for sheep.     

Therapeutic Efficacy of Zinc Sulphate Used in Clustered Model Treatment in Alleviating Zinc Deficiency in Cattle and Its Effect on Hormones,Vitamins and Production Parameters

A survey was conducted in 10 districts of northern India. Significant deficiency of zinc was observed in soil, fodders and (cattle) serum samples. The animals showed typical signs of zinc deficiency, namely stiff gait, swelling of hocks and knees, subcutaneous fluid accumulation, rough coat, etc. of variable intensity. A clustered model therapeutic trial was conducted and zinc-deficient cattle were divided into three groups. Group A was provided with mineral mixture containing zinc sulphate. Group B was given mineral mixture without zinc sulphate and group C was given no mineral mixture. Significant improvement (p < 0.01) was observed in the haemoglobin (Hb), total white blood cells (WBC) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) levels at the 7th day of treatment in the animals of group A. Significant improvement in enzyme serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) was observed in group A animals at the 7th day, while improvement in asparatate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) was observed after 21 days of treatment. Regarding hormones, significant improvement was observed in thyroxine (T₃) and triiodothyronine (T₄), oestrogen and progesterone in group A animals within 14 days of treatment. The values of vitamin A showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) improvement within 7 days of treatment in group A animals and that of vitamin E on the 21 st day of treatment. The milk yield of lactating cattle and body weight of growing calves in group A showed highly significant (p < 0.01) increases at about 14 and 30 days, respectively. It is concluded that zinc sulphate supplementation is highly effective in alleviating zinc deficiency and improving various biochemical and production parameters in cattle. The clustered model treatment provides a better indicator of the most limiting element under field conditions where simultaneous deficiency of various minerals is prevalent.