Specific accumulation of heavy metals in squid collected from offshore Korean waters: preliminary results for offshore biomonitoring and food safety assessment

ABSTRACT:   Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus collected from the East Sea/Sea of Japan were analyzed for cadmium, zinc and copper to elucidate the specific accumulation of heavy metals in various organs of squid of varying size and sex. There was no relationship between the size and sex of squid and the concentrations of heavy metals in various organs. Amongst organs, the liver contained the highest concentrations of all metals and the mantle had the lowest concentrations. In the liver and gills, concentrations of copper were higher than the other metals because of the existence of copper in hemocyanin in the blood. Cadmium showed the highest ratios (L/M) of the concentrations in the liver and in the mantle, even though cadmium in liver had lower concentrations than copper and zinc. This indicates that cephalopods constitute an important source of cadmium for cephalopod predators. The results show that the Japanese common squid is a useful bioindicator of metal pollution in offshore Korean waters.     

一种基于图像的套印参数测量方法

提出了一种新的基于图像套印参数的检测方法.该方法在应用蜂窝分裂法实现图像量化的基础上,确定色标分割的颜色中心和阈值距离.经过计算色标质心间横向和纵向距离得到印刷套印偏差参数.经过计算色标与标准图像颜色的色差,建立色度与密度的转换关系,将色度值转换为对应的密度值,由网点参数与供墨系统的数学模型,计算出被检测处的实际墨量.理论分析与实验结果均表明:套印偏差检测精度高,有利于提高套印的准确性,油墨的质量和供墨量的实时检测,有利于实现墨量的自动控制,保证印刷图像整个画面阶调和色调的正确复制.     

Effect of sorbitol on moisture transportation and textural change of fish and squid meats during curing and drying processes

SUMMARY: Atka mackerel (Am) and Japanese common squid (Sq) meats were cured in 0.5–1.5 M sorbitol solutions (pH 7.0) and dried at 30°C (relative humidity, 60%), and the effect of sorbitol on the moisture transportation and textural change during the curing and drying processes was investigated. With an increase in sorbitol permeated through samples, the moisture contents decreased by 52% (Am) and 42% (Sq) by curing in 1.5 M sorbitol solution. When the cured meats were dried, slow moisture vaporization occurred at the initial drying period, and the critical moisture content significantly decreased with an increase in the sorbitol content of the cured meats. Further, the hardening of the dried products was effectively suppressed by sorbitol curing. These effects of sorbitol would contribute to the reduction of drying time and particularly the elimination of the excess hardening of dried fish products.     

Development and comparative test of squid liver artificial bait for tuna longline

ABSTRACT:   We have been developing an artificial bait for longline tuna fishing using the liver of the Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus , a waste product of the squid fisheries industry, as the primary component. Three control test operations using the artificial bait and natural squid were conducted during January 1998, 1999 and 2000. During these operations, we compared the angling performance of the artificial bait with that of the natural squid. Some tuna was caught using the artificial bait; however, the hooking ratio for the artificial bait was less than that for the natural baits. Despite this, there was no significant difference between the hooking ratio by artificial bait and natural squid. In addition, species selectivity in the by-catch, a characteristic particular to this artificial bait, was observed. In the present paper, we discuss the hooking ratio and the reduction in by-catch of the artificial bait compared with natural bait.     

Effects of dry pellets containing astaxanthin and squid meal on the spawning performance of striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of squid meal and astaxanthin in dry pellets on the spawning performance of striped jack. Two groups of 8-year-old fish with an average bodyweight of 3.5 ± 0.4 kg were used. The control group was fed a raw fish mix (RF) and the experimental group was fed steam dry pellets (as-DP) containing 10 p.p.m. astaxanthin and squid meal, the latter replacing half the fish meal. Each group was fed once a day, three times a week in floating net cages for a period of 5 months. Seven females and seven males were selected from each group and transferred to 65 m³ indoor concrete tanks for spawning, where they were kept at optimum spawning conditions (22°C) for 1 month. The average bodyweights of selected fish were 3.8 ± 0.5 kg and 3.8 ± 0.6 kg for the RF and as-DP groups, respectively. Both groups spawned a total of 18 times and the mean total egg production and egg quality, measured in terms of buoyancy, fertilization and hatching rates, showed no significant differences ( P > 0.05) between groups. Total larval production was 679.9 × 10³ and 678.1 × 10³ larvae/kg-female for the RF and as-DP groups, respectively. These results show that the combination of astaxanthin and squid meal in dry pellets for striped jack broodstock improved the overall spawning performance to a level similar to that of fish fed on RF.     

Size selectivity of a trammel net for oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

ABSTRACT:   The size selectivity of a trammel net for herded oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana in Tateyama Bay, Chiba Prefecture, was estimated by comparison between the mantle length frequency distributions of oval squid caught by a trammel net and by a set net. The measured mesh sizes of the inner net of the trammel net and of the final section of the set net were 85.3 and 11.3 mm, respectively. In the trammel net fishery where oval squid are herded into the net, most of the oval squid are caught in the bag-shaped inner net. Hence, the logistic function was employed for the size selectivity curve of the trammel net. The 'share each length's catch total' (SELECT) model was implemented for the estimation of the selectivity curve. The size selectivity r ( l ) of the trammel net for the oval squid was expressed as a logistic function of the mantle length l : r ( l ) = exp(−18.57 + 0.88  l )/[1 + exp(−18.57 + 0.88  l )]. From these logistic parameter estimates, the 50% selection mantle length and selection range ( L ₇₅– L ₂₅) were calculated as 21.07 and 2.49 cm, respectively. The selection probability of oval squid whose mantle girth was equivalent to the mesh perimeter of the inner net was 0.09. Accordingly, oval squid of a girth smaller than the mesh perimeter were likely to pass through the mesh to escape from the net.     

Feeding habits of Baird's beaked whale Berardius bairdii, in the western North Pacific and Sea of Okhotsk off Japan

ABSTRACT:   We examined the stomach contents of 26 Baird's beaked whales caught off the coast of Japan by small-type coastal whalers. The main prey for these whales was rat-tails and hakes in the western North Pacific. Pollock and squids were also important food in the whales collected from the southern Sea of Okhotsk. The prey species found in the stomachs of the whales were almost identical to those caught in bottom-trawl nets at depths greater than about 1000 m in the western North Pacific, which suggests that the Baird's beaked whale forages for prey at depths of about 1000 m or more. Baird's beaked whales in the western North Pacific migrate to waters of 1000–3000 m in depth, where demersal fish are abundant. This implies that Baird's beaked whales migrate to waters where demersal fish, especially rat-tails and hakes, are abundant. Although there is limited information on the feeding habits of ziphiid whales, they are generally thought to prefer squid. The present data suggest that demersal fish are also important prey for ziphiid whales.     

Oxidative stability of lipids from squid tissues

ABSTRACT: Oxidative stability of lipids from squid tissues was compared with those of other marine lipids. On the basis of peroxide formation, total lipids (TL) from squid viscera or squid muscle with skin were most oxidatively stable, followed by squid eye TL, trout egg TL, bonito oil, and tuna orbital TL, respectively. This tendency in oxidative stabilities was also confirmed by the decrease in unoxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids during oxidation. Analyses of tocopherol contents and lipid compositions suggested that the higher oxidative stabilities of three kinds of squid tissue TL and trout egg TL compared to those of bonito oil and tuna orbital TL would be mainly because of the presence of phospholipids (PL) in squid tissue lipids and trout egg TL. However, the oxidative stability of lipids containing PL did not always decrease with increasing PL contents and stability was strongly influenced by PL composition. As squid viscera contained more than 25% of TL and these lipids were oxidatively stable, squid viscera may be used as a good resource of functional lipids rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.     

柔鱼加工中酶法去皮工艺条件的研究

使用Ａ．Ｓ１．３９８蛋白酶除去北平洋柔鱼表皮，操作简便，快速，成品色白，完整，试验结果表明，较为合适的柔鱼酶法去皮工艺条件是：ｐＨ６．５－７．５、酶液浓度１．５－２．０％，料液比１：４ｇ／ｍｌ，酶液温度５０－５３℃，氯化钙添加量０．０５－０．１０％。     

哥斯达黎加外海茎柔鱼个体与耳石间生长关系研究

根据2009年7-8月哥斯达黎加外海采集的茎柔鱼样本,利用多种统计方法分析了茎柔鱼耳石与个体生长之间的关系。研究认为,耳石各形态参数与胴长(ML)关系显著(P<0.01),其中背侧区间长(DDL)、耳石总长(TSL)与其相关性最大。耳石生长存在两个阶段,当ML小于26～30 cm时,其耳石生长迅速,之后耳石生长减慢。在生长过程中,耳石背区长(DL)、吻区内长(RIL)、DDL生长快于TSL,背侧区夹角(DDA)、吻侧区夹角(RDA)、吻区夹角(RA)则随着ML的增大出现减小趋势,侧区、吻区形态变化显著(P<0.05)。耳石形态先于生长速度发生显著性变化,同时各形态参量发生显著性变化时间不同,但形态特征变化主要发生在ML为23～29 cm个体中,之后趋于稳定。耳石生长及形态显著性变化与茎柔鱼栖息水层改变相关,茎柔鱼与中上层头足类耳石特征相符。