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71.
72.
Julie M. Steed Andreas Baierl Bruce D. L. Fitt 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(4):359-373
In winter oilseed rape experiments at Rothamsted in 2000/01 to 2002/03 growing seasons, the severity of phoma stem canker
epidemics in summer depended on the timing of phoma leaf spot epidemics in the previous autumn, and hence on the timing of
Leptosphaeria maculans ascospore release. The first major release of L. maculans ascospores was earlier in 2000 (26 September) and 2001 (18 September) than in 2002 (21 October). Consequently, the autumn
phoma leaf spot epidemic was also earlier in 2000 and 2001 than in 2002. The resulting stem canker epidemics were severe by
harvest (July) in 2001 and 2002 but not in 2003. No correlation was found between the severity or duration of phoma leaf spotting
(lesion days or lesion °C-days) and the subsequent severity of phoma stem canker epidemics. Rates of leaf production and loss
were similar in the three growing seasons. Out of ca. 25 leaves produced on plants during each season, leaf numbers 10–14 generally remained on plants for the longest. Treatment
with flusilazole + carbendazim in autumn decreased the severity of phoma leaf spotting for several weeks after treatment,
decreased the severity of stem canker the following summer and increased yield significantly in 2001 and 2002 but not in 2003.
The most effective timings for flusilazole + carbendazim application were when leaves 7–11 were present on most plants and
at least 10% of plants were affected by phoma leaf spot. Two half-dose applications of fungicide reduced phoma stem canker
and increased yield more than a single full dose application when phoma leaf spot epidemics were early (<800 °C-days after
sowing). 相似文献
73.
2003年秋至2005年春2个油菜生长季分别到湖北和安徽2省12县市油菜产区进行病毒病发病情况调查,除局部地区和地块发病率达到20%~40%,多数大面积油菜发病率在0.1%以下。应用间接酶联免疫吸附法检测258份病害样品,TuMV占样品总数的90.7%,CMV占样品总数的8.9%,ORMV占样品总数的0.8%。 相似文献
74.
75.
喷克(mancozeb)80%可湿性粉剂600倍,800倍,1000倍室内对苹果轮纹(Physalosporapiricola)抑菌效果均达100%,600倍,00倍对苹果斑点落叶病菌(Alternariamali)炭疽病菌(Glomerellacingulata)亦具显著的抑制效果,人工接菌条件下,800倍液防治苹果斑点落叶病的实际保护期主10-12d,防治苹果轮纹病的有效保护期为8-10d。田 相似文献
76.
R. J. Hillocks 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》1998,3(3):155-167
Weed control is one of the most important crop protection activities undertaken in both intensive and low-input farming systems. However, even under intensive systems, crop protection which is less dependent on pesticides may require that weeds be managed to obtain a balance between crop and non-crop vegetation to encourage an increase in natural enemies of crop pests. In the low-input farming systems which sustain much of the rural population of Africa, weed control is usually done by hand and clean weeding is often beyond the labour resources of the farming family. The vegetational diversity of peasant agriculture in Africa to which weeds make their contribution, helps to decrease the risk of disease and pest epidemics. In addition to the pest control benefits of a diverse agroecosystem, weeds contribute to the resource base of the rural community, providing a source of secondary foods, medicines and insecticides. Weed control within an integrated crop protection system appropriate to the needs of the resource-poor farmer, requires that weeds are managed in such a way that their biodiversity is maintained and the more useful species retained within the field or field margin. Those weeds with high food potential or which have pesticidal or medicinal properties might be deliberately encouraged within the crop or field margins. Certain weed species may harbour important pests or diseases of local crops and therefore should be selectively removed. The paper reviews and discusses the literature on the beneficial and deleterious effects of weeds and argues for a weed management strategy which balances the effects of weed competition on crop production with the ethnobotanical and pest control attributes of individual weed species and weed communities. 相似文献
77.
R.H Dunlop S.A McEwen A.H Meek R.C Clarke W.D Black R.M Friendship 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,34(4):1610-305
Logistic regression was used to model associations between antimicrobial treatment and resistance among fecal Escherichia coli of finisher pigs at the farm level. Four sets of potential risk factors representing different levels of refinement of antimicrobial use on farms were modelled on resistance to antimicrobials. Final models for each antimicrobial were constructed from treatment and management variables significant on initial screening, and corrections for overdispersion were made. In general, in-feed antimicrobial treatment of pigs was more consistently associated with an increased risk of resistance than individual-animal treatment. Antimicrobial treatment in starter rations was significant in final models of resistance to ampicillin, carbadox, nitrofurantoin, sulfisoxizole, and tetracycline. Treatment in grower–finisher rations was significantly associated with resistance to ampicillin, spectinomycin, sulfisoxizole, and tetracycline. There was little evidence that in-feed antimicrobials increased the risk of resistance to gentamicin, which is a drug used only for individual-pig treatment in this study population. These results suggest that antimicrobial medication of rations of post-weaning pigs selects for and maintains antimicrobial resistance among E. coli of finisher pigs. Although resistance was common on farms that did not medicate rations of post-weaning pigs, the results indicate that antimicrobial use does increase the risk of resistance to the antimicrobials studied. 相似文献
78.
新疆苜蓿病害种类和分布的初步研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
文章报道了新疆天山南北8个地州人工栽培紫花苜蓿上的19种病害,其中一种病害,类似由黑白轮枝菌(Verticilliumalbo-atrumReinkeretBerth.)引起的苜蓿黄萎病,而由束状匍柄霉(Stemphyliumsacini-iforum(Cav.)Witsh.)引起的苜蓿匍柄霉叶斑病为新疆首次指导。不同地区苜蓿地的病原群体结构呈现较大差异。 相似文献
79.
80.
针对现有茶叶病害识别方法病害信息挖掘不足导致识别准确率低的问题,该研究提出了一种基于二维离散小波变换(discrete wavelet transform, DWT)和MobileNetV3融合的茶叶病害识别模型CBAM-TealeafNet。为增强网络对病害频域特征的检测能力,将2D DWT获取的频域特征与bneck结构提取的深度特征融合,形成频域与深度特征融合的识别网络。为提高特征提取能力,在bneck结构中,嵌入卷积块注意模块 (convolutional block attention module, CBAM),为特征通道分配相应权重。为解决样本类别不平衡对识别模型性能的影响,利用焦点损失函数取代交叉熵损失函数以提高识别精度。经验证,CBAM-TealeafNet在5种不同茶叶病害上整体识别准确率达到98.70%,参数量为3.16×106,相对MobileNetV3,准确率提升2.15个百分点,参数量降低25.12%。该方法可为茶树叶部等作物病害轻量级识别研究提供模型参考。 相似文献