不同血清型牛源巴氏杆菌多重PCR检测方法的建立

巴氏杆菌是引起牛出血性败血症的主要病原之一,其致病血清型主要有荚膜A、B和E型。本试验选择、合成了针对3种不同血清型菌株的引物,建立了检测不同血清型菌株的多重PCR鉴别诊断方法。试验用2.5ngDNA模板即可扩增出目的基因,通过对引进的参考菌株进行检测表明,用该方法进行牛源巴氏杆菌的诊断和菌株分型特异性好,敏感性高。     

五倍子对鲤鱼细菌性败血症的药效试验初报

（西南大学水产与水文学院,重庆 400716）     

Symblepharon with aberrant protrusion of the nictitating membrane in the snowy owl (Nyctea scandiaca)

Two young snowy owl chicks were presented with aberrant protrusion of the nictitating membranes. This was caused by conjunctival adhesions causing symblepharon secondary to a previous septicemia episode. While symblepharon has been noted in birds before, this unusual presentation of the nictitating membrane has not been reported. Surgical intervention ameliorated the clinical signs, allowing vision in one bird by removal of the nictitating membranes, a technique which appeared to have no deleterious effects on the ocular surface.     

牛蛙腐皮病的组织病理学研究

牛蛙腐皮病的组织病理学观察结果，除患部皮肤出现炎症、充血和坏死溶解外，伴有急性化脓性肌炎，肺炎，轻度卡他性胃肠炎，肝坏死，化脓住肾炎，急性脾炎。病理变化表明疾病过程为皮肤感染发展为败血症。     

鲢细菌性败血症病原的研究

从患细菌性败血症的鲢肝脏中分离到一菌株，编号青１－２－３。通过代感染试验，发病症状与自然病鱼基本一致，对致病菌株进行细菌学鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。青１－２－３的生化表型不同于银鲫病原，为致病性嗜水气单胞菌的不同菌株。     

养殖鱼类细菌性败血症暴发期间鱼池水化学环境的初步调查

养殖鱼类细菌性败血症暴发期间鱼池水化学环境的初步调查刘玲仪，金有坤（上海水产大学，２０００９０）关键词养殖鱼类，细菌性败血症，水化学环境ＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＨＹＤＲＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＯＦＦＩＳＨＰ...     

鳗鲡疱疹病毒的生物学及理化特性

为了明确鳗鲡疱疹病毒(Anguillid herpesvirus, AngHV)的生物学及理化特性,本实验利用一株从欧洲鳗鲡"脱黏败血综合征"病料中分离的AngHV病毒株,研究了其增殖特性及其对主要鱼类细胞系的感染敏感性,进一步分析了其对热、酸碱、氯仿和乙醚等理化因子的耐受性。结果发现,AngHV感染的鳗鲡卵巢细胞系(eel ovary cell line, EO)内可见典型的疱疹病毒样颗粒,细胞出现时序性细胞病变;AngHV可在EO细胞系内稳定传代,较适宜扩繁温度为25～27°C,不能在鲤上皮瘤细胞系(epithelioma papilloma cyprinid cell line, EPC)、草鱼卵巢细胞系(grass carp ovary cell line, CO)、胖头逓肌肉细胞系(fathead minnow cell line, FHM)、大鳞大麻哈鱼胚胎细胞系(chinook salmon embryo cell line,CHSE-214)、虹鳟性腺细胞系(rainbow trout gonad cell line, RTG-2)及蓝鳃太阳鱼细胞系(bluegill fry cell line, BF-2)等鱼类细胞内增殖;理化特性分析表明,37°C处理30 min,AngHV滴度降低不明显,而56°C处理30 min可完全灭活AngHV;AngHV对酸(pH 3.0)敏感,而对碱(pH 10.0)较耐受,同时对氯仿和乙醚敏感。本研究结果可为AngHV的综合防控及疫苗的开发提供参考依据。     

A rapid bioassay for bactericides against the catfish pathogens Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare

The most common bacterial diseases in pond‐raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) are enteric septicemia of catfish and columnaris, caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare respectively. Medicated feed containing antibiotics is one management approach that catfish producers use in the treatment of bacterial diseases. However, the future use of all types of medicated feed in catfish aquaculture is uncertain. To discover effective alternatives to antibiotics, a rapid 96‐well microplate bioassay utilizing E. ictaluri and F. columnare to evaluate natural compounds and extracts was developed. In this bioassay, bacterial growth is determined by absorbance measurements of microplate wells after 24 h incubation and then confirmed by detecting cell viability after the addition of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide with additional incubation for 24 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) are determined by graphing the absorbance data. The 24 h IC50 results of test compounds are compared with the 24 h IC50 results of the drug controls oxytetracycline and florfenicol. Among the antibiotics evaluated, doxycycline and tetracycline appear more effective against E. ictaluri and F. columnare than either drug control. This bioassay is rapid, reproducible and economical for evaluating a large number of compounds and extracts.     

中国对虾败血病病原菌（气单胞菌）的致病性与生物学性状

本文从患败血病的中国对虾的血淋巴中分离到嗜水气单胞菌和豚鼠气单胞菌，经人工感染试验证实为此败血病的病原菌。两种病原菌均为革兰氏阴性，极生单鞭毛能运动的短杆菌，在ＴＣＢＳ上不生长，对０／１２９不敏感，在不含ＮａＣｌ的基础培养基能生长。氧化酶，过氧化氢酶阳性，利用蔗糖，麦芽糖和淀粉产酸不产气，利用果糖，甘露醇，半乳糖和密二糖产酸产气，不发酵乳糖，肌醇，山梨醇，木糖，蕈糖等，精氨酸水解，色氨酸脱氨阳性。     

患爆发性败血症斑点叉尾鮰病原的分离与鉴定

从患爆发性败血症斑点叉尾鮰肝、脾和肾分离到大量形态和色泽一致的细菌。随机挑选5株细菌注射健康斑点叉尾鮰,感染鱼72 h内全部死亡,且患病症状与自然发病症状一致,确认分离株为斑点叉尾鮰败血症的致病菌。依据其菌落形态、生理生化特征,结合其16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列分析,鉴定5个分离株为蜡样芽孢杆菌。用20种抗微生物药敏纸片对分离株进行药敏实验,发现5株菌均对7种喹诺酮类药物、5种氨基糖苷类药物,麦迪霉素,克林霉素和新生霉素敏感,而对2种头孢菌素类药物和复方新诺明有耐药性。