我国尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼养殖群体的遗传渐渗

用ＬＫＢ平板电泳仪，４．４％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶对南京罗非鱼良种场尼罗罗非鱼，奥利亚罗非鱼养殖群体肌，肝，脑，心，眼中的１０种同工酶进行电泳分析的结果表明，奥利亚罗非鱼的群体未见的多态位点，平均杂合度为０，是超“纯”的养殖群体，尼罗罗非鱼群体中有２０％的尼奥杂交鱼，其体形酷似尼罗，难以肉眼鉴别，由此可见，我国尼罗罗非鱼养殖群体中已存在遗传渐渗问题，须注意防杂和提纯。在剔除了杂交鱼后，该场尼罗罗非鱼群体的     

An examination of the use of angling data to estimate total returns of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, to two rivers in Newfoundland, Canada

Conservation spawning requirements (limits) for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., have been developed for a number of rivers in Newfoundland. Status of stocks is evaluated against these limits and scientific advice and recommendations on levels of recreational catch provided to resource managers. A critical factor in this process is the determination of total returns. This has been accomplished for 30–40% of the rivers in question over the years through the use of fish counting fences and traps installed in fishways. In Newfoundland, it is not logistically or financially possible to operate fish counting facilities in all of the approximately 200 Atlantic salmon rivers. Thus angling catch data have been used as an alternative means of estimating total returns to rivers without counting facilities. Estimates of total returns were three to four times higher than the actual values for one of the two rivers studied and deviated from the actual by as much as 60% for the other. Management implications of the approach are discussed.     

Circulating levels and in vitro production of two maturation-inducing hormones in teleost: 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, in a daily spawning wrasse, Pseudolabrus japonicus

The female bambooleaf wrasse, Pseudolabrus japonicus, spawns daily during the spawning season, and exhibits a diurnal rhythm of ovarian development. In the present study, we have investigated: (1) circulating levels of 17a, 20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen- 17,20-P) and 17,20,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) in females sampled at different times of the day during spawning season in captivity, and (2) in vitro production of 17,20-P and 20-S by follicle-enclosed oocytes at seven different develo tal stages. In addition, we developed a microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 17,20-P. Serum levels of 17,20-P and 20-S showed similar diurnal changes; substantial increases in these levels occurred around the time of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). In vitro experiments showed that massive production of 17,20-P and 20-S occurred in follicles collected just before or during GVBD. Further, acute decreases in 17,20-P and 20-S production were found in the ovarian follicles just prior to ovulation, suggesting inactivation of the maturation-inducing hormone (MIH). These results, taken together with our previous data on the occurrence of GVBD in vitro, suggest a role for both 17,20-P and 20b-S as MIHs in the bambooleaf wrasse.     

Discrimination of the natal origin of young-of-the-year Allis shad (Alosa alosa) in the Garonne–Dordogne basin (south-west France) using otolith chemistry

Abstract –  The otolith composition of age 0+ Allis shad ( Alosa alosa ) captured in two rivers in the Gironde system in south-west France, the Dordogne and the Garonne, was analysed to establish the natal origin of the fish. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses were used to take measurements of 15 isotopes, among which Co, Fe, Sr and Rb were the most important elements in the discrimination process. It was possible to reclassify each sampled fish into its natal river basin (Garonne or Dordogne) with a high degree of accuracy. Linear discriminant analysis correctly reclassified 91.1% of the Garonne samples and 87.8% of the Dordogne samples (mean success in reclassification in 20 runs ± 1 SD: 89.21 ± 8.6%). Artificial neural networks correctly reclassified 90.1% of the Garonne samples and 81.2% of the Dordogne samples (mean success in reclassification after 1000 training cycles ±1 SD: 85.6 ± 9.1%). Using these tools the present results show that it is possible to assign a natal origin to juvenile shad that hatched in the Dordogne–Garonne basin based on the trace elements in the otolith.     

云南地道药材滇重楼的研究进展

滇重楼是我国西南地区的地道药材。综述近年来滇重楼的研究现状,主要包括化学成分和药理研究、栽培技术、新品种选育和开发利用方面的工作;同时,对滇重楼的研究进行展望,为滇重楼的研究提供参考。     

银合欢种子研究进展

随着农业生产对银合欢种子需求的增加,确保银合欢种子的质量成为首要问题。综述近年来对银合欢种子成分、种子萌发、种子保存和种子健康等方面的研究概况,并对银合欢种子研究中存在的问题提出了展望。     

灵芝液体深层发酵技术研究进展

灵芝是我国著名的药食兼用大型真菌。对近年来灵芝液体深层发酵技术在菌种选育、培养基优化以及发酵参数选择等方面的研究进展进行总结阐述。     

粤西地区甘蔗、香蕉产业发展现状调研分析

简要分析粤西地区甘蔗和香蕉产业发展现状和存在问题,针对存在问题及其今后的发展重点,提出粤西地区甘蔗、香蕉产业发展重点及对策,以促进粤西地区甘蔗和香蕉产业稳健发展。     

中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所科技开发现状与建议

简要介绍农业科研院所科技开发的内容和模式,针对中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所科技开发中存在的问题提出解决对策,并从创建自有品牌、加强对市场信息的关注、重视和鼓励科技创新、注意科技开发产品的市场准入要求等4个方面提出建议。     

施用不同配比肥料对番木瓜产量与品质的影响

为探讨不同氮磷钾配合施肥对海南地区番木瓜产量和品质的影响,在海南儋州地区进行了氮磷钾不同配比施肥试验。结果表明:施肥可增加番木瓜的产量,不同氮磷钾的施肥组合有不同的增产效果,增产率变化在25.30%~69.08%之间。其中氮的增产效果最好,磷肥次之,钾肥最差。结合氮、磷、钾各水平的增产情况和经济效益分析,认为N 340 g/株、P2O5470 g/株和K2O 340 g/株为番木瓜高产的推荐配方。番木瓜不同品质指标对氮磷钾不同水平组合的响应不同。施肥显著增加单果重,增幅在5.92%~23.64%之间。钾对单果重的贡献优于磷,氮最差。尽管施肥没有造成番木瓜大多品质指标上的显著差异,但从各品质指标与各元素水平之间的变化趋势关系上给出施肥建议是,番木瓜要维持较高品质,必须慎施氮肥,多施磷、钾肥。结合经济效益和环保因素,从理论上N 210 g/株、P2O5210 g/株和K2O 340 g/株为番木瓜优质的推荐配方。