基于蚁群优化算法的图像边缘检测

图像边缘携带了图像的大部分主要信息。通过对图像进行边缘检测不仅能有效地提取图像信息降低计算的复杂度而且是图像测量、图像分割、图像压缩、模式识别等图像处理的基础。本文尝试将蚁群优化算法（Ant Colony Optimization, ACO）用于图像边缘检测，通过选取经典house图像和SAR机场图像设置阈值进行自适应边缘提取，实现了边缘的精确检测。实验结果显示，该算法能够有效地提取图像目标的轮廓信息，很好保持图像纹理，具有理想的抗干扰性能，保证了检测结果的准确性。     

向川安瘿蜂和寄生性长尾小蜂共生菌Wolbachia的检测

Wolbachia是一类胞质遗传共生菌，能调控被其感染宿主的生殖方式。以向川安瘿蜂虫瘿中获得的向川安瘿蜂和其寄生的长尾小蜂为材料，使用Wolbachia的wsp基因特异引物，通过PCR扩增向川安瘿蜂和长尾小蜂Wolbachia的wsp特异片段，以邻位相连法构建Wolbachia的wsp基因的分子系统树。结果表明：向川安瘿蜂和长尾小蜂均感染了Wolbachia；因二者感染Wolbacia的株系Wa和Wb的wsp序列差异大，不能认定在寄生的长尾小蜂和宿主向川安瘿蜂间存在Wolbachia的水平传播。     

原木截面形状扫描参数的计算

利用激光扫描技术得到原木截面的基本参数,通过计算得到比较精确的原木截面形状,在整根原木上进行周期扫描从而得到整根原木的形状参数。     

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Gene Involved in Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brassica napus L.

Based on the sequence of a novel expressed sequence tag (EST), the full-length cDNA of 1 017 nucleotides was cloned from Brassica napus cv. Xiangyou 15 through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The gene was designated as Bnhol34 (HQ585980), encoding a protein of 338 amino acids. BLAST analysis showed no high degree of sequence identity to any known gene. The calculated molecular weight of the Bnhol34 protein was 36.23 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 8.74. The Bnhol34 was also cloned from a high oleic acid mutant 854-1 through homologous cloning. There was no difference between the two Bnhol34 genes. Bnhol34 was localized in a tissue-specific manner in B. napus, and its expression level was about eight-fold greater in Xiangyou 15 seeds than in 854-1. The promoter region sequences of Bnhol34 were then isolated from Xiangyou 15 and 854-1, and a 93-bp deletion was found to occur in the Bnhol34 promoter region of 854-1. Three abscisic acid-responsive cis-elements (ABRE) were identified in the promoter region of Xiangyou 15. Real-time PCR analyses revealed that exogenous abscisic acid increased Bnhol34 expression by about four-fold in Xiangyou 15 seeds, yet did not change Bnhol34 expression in 854-1. It appeared that Bnhol34 might be abscisic acid insensitive in 854-1.     

基于移动端作物大田测试数据采集技术研究与实现

作物品种田间测试是评价、筛选新品种不可或缺的关键环节，是品种大规模推广应用的主要依据。育种单位每年试验小区数量巨大，单一育种公司每年新产生大约1 000万个数据点，依靠传统的人工纸质录入效率低、错误率高。针对测试数据田间野外录入的特点，研究设计了一套高效的测试数据快速录入、及时传输的技术方案，并详细介绍了客户端与服务器数据交互融合、拍照采集条码、数据分块存取等关键技术。该系统进行了Windows Mobile 6.1及以上多个手机平台的应用测试，结果表明此方法是高效可行的。     

PCR detection of ratoon stunting disease pathogen and natural resistance analysis in sugarcane core germplasms

Exploring and utilizing resistant germplasm resources plays a pivotal role in breeding for disease resistance, while screening resistant germplasm is important for selecting and breeding varieties resistant to disease. In the present study, we used PCR to detect the ratoon stunting disease (RSD) bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx) in 137 sugarcane core germplasms from the National Nursery of Sugarcane Germplasm Resources (NNSGR, Kaiyuan, China) in 2009, 2010 and 2011. A total of 21 germplasms that tested negative for Lxx in 2009 and 2010 were selected for further Lxx detection after being subjected to artificial inoculation in 2011 and 2012. The 21 core germplasms that were negative for Lxx after natural infection and artificial inoculation can provide elite resistance source materials and reference frames for the effective breeding of RSD-resistant sugarcane varieties. Under natural conditions, 116 (84.67%) and 21 (15.33%) out of 137 germplasms were positive and negative for Lxx, respectively, as determined by PCR detection, which suggests that a relatively high ratio of sugarcane core germplasms was sensitive to RSD, while few were resistant to RSD. The sequencing and analysis of 30 randomly selected PCR products showed that all 30 sequences were identical or highly homologous to the corresponding Lxx genome region published in GenBank (99.54–100% similarity). Lxx can be detected effectively and precisely by PCR. We therefore recommend PCR as a rapid, low cost and simple procedure to score sugarcane core germplasms for RSD resistance.     

基于角点检测的叶缘锯齿快速识别

叶缘锯齿特征是植物识别的重要特征。本文提出了一种运用图像角点检测技术对叶缘锯齿进行识别和定位的方法。该方法首先利用基于Harris算子的方法进行角点检测,然后通过人工调整阈值提高检测精度。研究结果表明,该方法便捷、高效,在叶缘的锯齿检测中取得了较好的效果。     

Detection efficiency and habitat use to inform inventory and monitoring efforts: juvenile coho salmon in the Knik River basin,Alaska

Imperfect detection associated with sampling gear presents challenges for wildlife inventory and monitoring efforts. We examined occupancy dynamics and habitat use of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in shallow lake environments over a summer and early fall season in the Knik River area of south central Alaska using models which control for and estimate sampling gear detection efficiency. In addition, we present statements for the probability that observed absences at a survey site or from a survey area (a collection of sites) are true absences given some amount of sampling effort and analysts' beliefs about site occupancy and sampling gear detection efficiency which can be used to guide inventory and monitoring efforts for juvenile salmon or other wildlife and plant species. Occupancy modelling results demonstrate that minnow traps were effective at sampling juvenile coho in shallow lake environments, with a mean probability of detection across the study period of 0.68 (i.e., probability of detecting the presence of juvenile coho given that they are present at a trap site; SE = 0.03). Juvenile coho salmon migrated into shallow water lakes in late summer and early fall, presumably to seek out overwinter habitat. N‐mixture modelling examination of habitat use demonstrated that once in shallow lake environments, juvenile coho were widely distributed across a range of microhabitats, with some evidence for preference for shallower depths and warmer water temperatures.     

PCR-based detection of Xanthomonas campestris pathovars in Brassica seed

Xanthomonas campestris is a seedborne bacterium that causes black rot of crucifers. Substantial crop losses may result from the rapid spread of the bacteria under favourable conditions, especially those occurring during seedling production. A PCR-based method has been developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of the pathovars of X. campestris that affect crucifers. Primers were designed to specifically amplify a 619 bp fragment of the hrpF gene from X. campestris . Amplification products were not detected from other Xanthomonas species, or from other pathogenic or epiphytic bacteria occurring on these plants. To avoid false-negative results arising from the presence of amplification inhibitors in plant extracts, primers targeting a 360 bp section of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from Brassica spp. were included in a multiplex PCR. The assay readily detected X. campestris pv. campestris infections in diseased plants and from bacterial colonies isolated on growth media, and was more sensitive and specific than traditional plating methods and a commercially available ELISA. A seed-washing protocol was optimized to allow the detection of a single artificially infected seed among 10 000 healthy seeds using the multiplex PCR.     

福建马铃薯S病毒的分子鉴定及发生情况

为明确福建省马铃薯S病毒(PVS)的发生与分布情况,对福建省马铃薯主要种植区的PVS进行了鉴定和普查.在利用电镜技术和传统生物学方法鉴定的基础上,克隆了PVS外壳蛋白(cp)基因,依据PVS外壳蛋白氨基酸序列建立了PVS不同分离物的系统进化树.研究表明,利用PVS 外壳蛋白氨基酸序列分析可准确鉴定PVS,同时可分析不同分离物间的分子差异.利用病毒特异性引物和DIG标记的PVS cp基因为探针,分别利用RT-PCR技术和核酸斑点杂交技术(NASH)对PVS进行了检测,并对检测技术进行了改进.调查结果表明,PVS在福建省广泛分布,发病率最高可达80%以上,当地农家自留种可能是田间PVS的主要来源.