堆肥和枯草芽孢杆菌协同调控黄瓜幼苗生长的机制探究

土壤生物学障碍是制约中国设施蔬菜生产可持续发展的主要瓶颈之一,而土壤病原菌是引起土壤生物学障碍的重要因素之一。笔者以土壤生物学障碍问题突出的黄瓜为研究对象,探究了堆肥和枯草芽孢杆菌对黄瓜枯萎病病原菌及植株生长的影响。结果表明：堆肥中的微生物和枯草芽孢杆菌均可显著降低病原菌对黄瓜生长的抑制作用,且二者具有协同效应;堆肥微生物主要影响黄瓜幼苗一级侧根（直径0.3~0.9 mm）的绝对长度和二级侧根（直径0~0.3 mm）的相对量,而枯草芽孢杆菌接种主要影响了黄瓜幼苗一级侧根的绝对长度。综合分析认为,堆肥主要通过其微生物与枯草芽孢杆菌协同抵御黄瓜病原菌,并促进根系生长。     

苹果树图像分割算法研究综述

在国内外图像处理和机器视觉技术在苹果树图像分析应用相关研究的基础上,总结了专门针对苹果树图像分割技术的研究进展。按照图像分割的技术体系,分析了苹果树图像分割技术的主要研究进展,系统地总结了图像分割算法及其在苹果树图像应用上的特点,提出了苹果树图像分割算法的演进图,展望了苹果树图像分割算法研究发展的趋势,为基于图像处理及机器视觉技术的苹果信息化技术研究提供了参考。     

鱼新鲜度检测方法研究进展

鱼是人类最主要的动物性食品来源之一,其新鲜度直接影响着消费者的健康甚至生命安全。传统的鱼新鲜度的检测方法主要包括感官评价、理化指标检测和微生物检测等。新型的检测方法包括感官仿生技术、光谱技术和生物传感技术等。较为全面地论述了目前鱼体鲜度快速评价的主要技术和方法,进行了适当的比较和讨论,并展望了未来研究发展的趋势,以期为进一步开展深入研究及制定我国鱼新鲜度判定规范提供可靠的理论依据。     

Methods to detect a vian influenza virus for food safety surveillance

Avian influenza(AI),caused by the influenza A virus,has been a global concern for public health. AI outbreaks not only impact the p oultry production,but also give rise to a risk in food safety caused by viral contamination of poultry products in the food supply chain. Distinctions in AI outbreak between strains H5N1 and H7N9 indicate that early detection of the AI virus in poultry is crucial for the effective warning and control of AI to ensure food safety. Therefore,t he establishment of a poultry surveillance system for food safety by early detection is urgent and critical. In this article,methods to detect AI virus,including current methods recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health(Office International des Epizooties,OIE) and novel techniques not commonly used or commercialized are reviewed and evaluated for feasibility of use in the poultry surveillance system. Conventional methods usually applied for the purpose of AI diagnosis face some practical challenges to establishing a comprehensive poultry surveillance program in the poultry supply chain. Diverse development of new technologies can meet the specific requirements of AI virus detection in various stages or scenarios throughout the poultry supply chain where onsite,rapid and ultrasensitive methods are emphasized. Sy stematic approaches or integrated methods ought to be employed according to the application scenarios at every stage of the poultry supply chain to prevent AI outbreaks.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒研究进展

猪流行性腹泻病毒是引起猪腹泻的重要病原体之一,广泛流行于世界各地,造成了重大的经济损失。文章阐述了猪流行性腹泻病毒的分子生物学特点,概括了病毒的检测方法,并对近年来流行病学及疫苗的研发情况进行了综述,以期对猪流行性腹泻病毒研究提供帮助。     

毛发皮质醇激素作为慢性应激评定指标的研究进展

将毛发皮质醇激素作为反映慢性应激程度的黄金标准具有前瞻性和创新性。毛发皮质醇激素不仅可用于检测及估计动物慢性应激程度,且有助于了解动物体生理病理过程,并及时制定行之有效的健康管理策略。血液、唾液、尿液及乳汁中皮质醇激素含量作为反映急性应激程度的模型,被用于检测和建立持续的皮质醇激素昼夜循环规律研究。而毛发作为一个很好的补充模型却可以回顾性地反映慢性应激程度。毛发皮质醇激素作为反映慢性应激的生化指标不仅具有采样应激小、检测灵敏、方便的优点,而且是可遗传性状(h²=0.31),可以作为下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)活性标记,进而利用其解释遗传变异对慢性应激中HPA轴活性变化的影响程度。作者综述了皮质醇激素与动物体健康的关系,慢性应激下机体调节机理及遗传适应改变,慢性应激评定指标研究进展,毛发作为皮质醇激素研究模型的研究进展,以及毛发皮质醇激素作为反映慢性应激的生化指标的限制与未来面对的挑战。     

流行性乙型脑炎快速血清学诊断方法研究进展

流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)是由日本脑炎病毒引起的,以中枢神经系统受损病变为主的一种急性蚊媒人畜共患传染病。由于乙脑病毒的增殖宿主和贮存宿主涉及猪、马、牛和禽等多种家畜,且主要在亚洲和西太平洋地区广泛流行,不仅造成畜牧业严重经济损失,而且危害公共卫生安全。因此,对乙脑进行快速而准确的诊断具有实际意义。文章对乙脑的快速血清学诊断方法包括传统方法、新兴技术和试验特异性改良等进行较全面的综述,意在为快速、简单、准确的乙脑诊断方法研究提供参考。     

Discrimination of geographical origin of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by multielement analysis using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

This study aims to determine the authenticity of the geographical origin of rice using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and chemometrics. The profiles of 25 elements in brown rice measured by ICP-AES were subjected to data-mining processes, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA clearly discriminated the geographical origin of rice samples grown in three countries. Eleven elements (Cu, Ag, Zn, Cr, Ca, Ba, Cd, Bi, K, Pb, and In) significantly contributed to the ability to discriminate the geographical origin of the rice. These results demonstrate the use of multielement profiling combined with chemometrics as a tool for discriminating food origins. This study extends our knowledge about the applications of both multielement profiling and chemometrics for the determination of food authenticity, and thus can be useful for controlling the geographical origin of rice by governmental administration and protecting consumers from improper domestic labeling.     

香草兰根(茎)腐病病原菌鉴定及其致病性测定

香草兰根(茎)腐病是香草兰上重要病害之一,目前国内外尚未有基于rDNA-ITS序列的分子鉴定和系统发育树分析的报道。本研究从海南省万宁市的兴隆、长丰和南林等地的病样中分离获得了9个菌株,经过柯赫氏法则验证、形态学鉴定和分子鉴定,病原菌被鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌,表明海南省万宁市地区的香草兰根(茎)腐病病原菌是尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium. oxysporum)。然后,基于rDNA-ITS序列构建了系统发育树并对菌株的致病性进行了测定,结果发现9个菌株在系统发育树中被聚类为遗传距离明显的2个分枝,而且分枝Ⅱ的致病性要高于分枝Ⅰ。本研究为香草兰根(茎)腐病病原物快速鉴定提供依据,对香草兰根(茎)腐病防治决策有一定的参考意义。     

Non‐invasive fast real‐time PCR assay for detection of the enteric parasite Enteromyxum scophthalmi in cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Enteromyxum scophthalmi is a myxozoan parasite that causes severe parasitic diseases in cultured turbot affecting mainly the intestine of the host. It is characterized by producing acute enteritis, starvation and eventually death. Current diagnosis of E. scopthalmi use traditional techniques, based on the identification of the morphology of the parasite. These techniques take extended time to be carried out and do not favour the adoption of control measure at turbot farms and require the sacrifice of fish. This study develops a fast real‐time PCR molecular tool for the detection of E. scophthalmi in infected farmed turbot. This methodology is applicable for routine controls on the farm at every stage of the parasite infection. Results of the study demonstrate the robustness, specificity, efficiency and reliability of the technique. In addition, this study also provides a non‐invasive procedure of sampling through swaps. This allows control, prevention and diagnosis of the parasite infection at turbot farms while maintaining the welfare of the cultivated fish and avoiding sacrifice of the fish sampled.