鱼类呼吸器官形态与功能适应性研究进展

呼吸是鱼类摄食、生长、繁殖、避敌和洄游等一系列生命活动的基础。不同鱼类的呼吸器官与其生活方式和环境的适应性则是其生存和繁衍后代的关键。自1881年Riess第一次对硬骨鱼鳃细微结构进行研究以来[1],国内外学者对多种鱼鳃的形     

黑河分水后下游地下水位和可开采储量的变化

黑河向东西居延海分水后,下游地下水位和开采储量的变化引人关注。以1990-1999年的平均地下水位代表分水前状况,以2004年代表分水后的地下水位水平,选择典型区域对狼心山以下额济纳三角洲地下水位的变化进行分析。结果表明:分水后下游三角洲的地下水位有不同程度的上升,范围在0.2~0.4 m;相应地地下水可开采储量增加约0.17×108m3,分析得出,这部分增加的可开采水储量主要由当年分水所增加的入境水量转化而来。由于黑河下游三角洲特殊的地理环境背景,决定了黑河分水是一项长期而艰巨的任务。     

不同途径补硒对放养鸡体内硒含量和胴体性状的影响

选用1日龄鸡2000只,随机分成2组。试验组放养并通过不同途径补硒,对照组相同条件下放养不作补硒处理,对比研究两组鸡的胸肌肉样、胸骨、肝脏及血清中的硒含量差异,同时对比研究补硒对胸肌营养成分、胴体性状及脏器系数的影响。结果表明,试验组鸡的胸肌、肝脏、胸骨及血清硒含量极显著高于对照组鸡的胸肌、肝脏、胸骨及血清硒的含量(P＜0.01);而两者之间的胸肌营养成分、胴体性状及脏器系数差异不显著(P＞0.05)。     

糖萜素对固始鸡免疫器官发育及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

应用流式细胞仪技术检测固始鸡CD3⁺、CD4⁺和CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞含量来研究添加不同剂量的糖萜素对固始鸡免疫器官及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。结果表明,500、700 mg/kg糖萜素组的免疫器官指数及CD4⁺／CD8⁺比值显著(P<0.05)高于其余各组。因此,一定剂量的糖萜素可以促进固始鸡免疫器官发育,提高T淋巴细胞亚群的水平。     

灰茶尺蠖雌成虫生殖器形态特征与组织结构的研究

为了解茶树主要食叶类害虫灰茶尺蠖(EctropisgrisescensWarren)雌成虫的内外生殖器结构特征,通过解剖切片和显微观察的方法,明确了雌成虫内外生殖器主要由1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、1根中输卵管、1个受精囊、附腺、产卵孔、交配囊及其附属结构、导精管、表皮突和肛突等组成。卵巢小管8根,左右对称;交配囊呈典型袋状结构,内有表面布满刺状突的心型交尾囊片,且囊片左右两侧16根刺状突呈对称分布;后表皮突较细长,似铲状。切片观察可知,卵巢管滋养细胞和卵母细胞交替排列,为典型的多滋式;产卵器内有发达的性腺等。掌握灰茶尺蠖雌成虫生殖器结构,对其卵巢发育级别划分、田间预测预报、近缘种的鉴定以及性信息素的研究等具有重要意义。     

兰花花器官及成花基因调控研究进展

为了更有效地对开花植物中最大家族之一的兰科(Orchidaceae)植物进行开花调控,对具有蕊柱和唇瓣等独特花结构的兰花花器官调控和成花过程的分子遗传基础进行了阐述,并在此基础上对兰科花发育的调控进行了展望。结果表明:1)兰花花器官ABCDE模型中,A和E类基因决定萼片,A、B和E类基因决定花瓣,B、C和E类基因决定雄蕊,而D和E类基因决定心皮;2)温度、光周期和激素是决定兰花花起始和发育的关键;3)成花过程中的转录组、基因组以及功能基因验证的研究,取得了较大的突破。综上,本研究可为兰花花发育的分子遗传基础研究开辟新的思路。     

鲟鱼硫酸软骨素对小鼠免疫器官肥大细胞的影响

为研究鲟鱼硫酸软骨素对小鼠免疫器官的影响,连续对小鼠灌胃不同剂量鲟鱼硫酸软骨素2周后,外科手术取出胸腺和脾脏,并依次进行称重、卡洛氏固定、石蜡包埋、组织切片、甲苯胺蓝染色,40倍物镜下观察鲟鱼硫酸软骨素对小鼠免疫器官肥大细胞数量的影响。结果表明：鲟鱼硫酸软骨素能促进小鼠免疫器官重量指数增大,并能显著促进免疫器官中肥大细胞数量的增长。其中,600 mg/kg剂量下小鼠胸腺指数显著( P<0．05)增大,胸腺中肥大细胞数量极显著( P<0．01)增加,60 mg/kg剂量下小鼠脾脏重量的增加最为明显( P<0．01),6 mg/kg剂量下小鼠脾脏中肥大细胞数量的增加最为明显( P<0．01)。     

移植骨髓间充质干细胞对雌性大鼠生长及生殖器官发育水平的影响

[目的]探讨不同生长发育阶段移植BMSCs对雌性大鼠生长及生殖器官发育水平的影响.[方法]选择80只SD雌性大鼠随机分为试验组和对照组,每组40只,体重组间差异不显著(P＞0.05):试验组用50 μL生理盐水稀释BMSCs(1×106个),进行尾静脉移植,对照组同样方法同样部位注射生理盐水.试验鼠分别第V20 d、V60 d和P18 d时试验组移植BMSCs,对照组注射等量生理盐水;试验鼠分别第V30 d、P18 d和L15 d时每组随机取8只大鼠,屠宰前(空腹12 h后)称活重,屠宰后取子宫,卵巢称重;同时宰前心脏采血制备血清,检测血清中E2、P4、GH和IGF-l水平.[结果]雌性大鼠不同生理发育阶段移植BMSCs后,P18 d时试验组大鼠血清中IGF-1、E2和P4水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),同时大鼠体重和子宫重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),V30 d和L15 d时组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05);在整个试验期血清中GH水平和卵巢重组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]移植BMSCs后能显著增加妊娠母鼠子宫,胎盘,胎儿的重量;而对其它组织的重量影响不显著.移植BMSCs后能显著增加妊娠母鼠的血清中P4、E2和IGF-l水平,而GH的变化不显著.在生长阶段和分娩后,母鼠移植BMSCs对血清中的P4、E2、GH和IGF-1水平均不显著.     

Laboratory evaluation of sample collection methods (organs vs swabs) for Tasmanian salmon reovirus detection in farmed Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L.

The use of swabs relative to organs as a sample collection method for the detection of Tasmanian salmon reovirus (TSRV) in farmed Tasmanian Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., was evaluated by RT‐qPCR. Evaluation of individual and pooled sample collection (organs vs swabs) was carried out to determine the sensitivity of the collection methods and the effect of pooling of samples for the detection of TSRV. Detection of TSRV in individual samples was as sensitive when organs were sampled compared to swabs, and in pooled samples, organs demonstrated a sensitivity of one 10‐fold dilution higher than sampling of pooled swabs. Storage of swabs at 4 °C for t = 24 h demonstrated results similar to those at t = 0. Advantages of using swabs as a preferred sample collection method for the detection of TSRV compared to organ samples are evident from these experimental trials.     

Patterns, magnitude, and controlling factors of hydraulic redistribution of soil water by Tamarix ramosissima roots

Tamarix spp.(Saltcedar)is a facultative phreatophyte that can tolerate drought when groundwater is not accessed.In addition to deep water uptake,hydraulic redistribution(HR)is another factor contributing to the drought tolerance of Tamarix spp.In this study,data on soil volumetric moisture content(θ),lateral root sap flow,and relevant climate variables were used to investigate the patterns,magnitude,and controlling factors of HR of soil water by roots of Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.in an extremely arid land in Northwest China.Results showed evident diurnal fluctuations in θ at the depths of 30 and 50 cm,indicating "hydraulic lift"(HL).θ increased remarkably at 10 and 140 cm but decreased at 30 and 50 cm and slightly changed at 80 cm after rainfall,suggesting a possible "hydraulic descent"(HD).However,no direct evidence was observed in the negative flow of lateral roots,supporting HR(including HL and HD)of T.ramosissima.The HR pathway unlikely occurred via lateral roots;instead,HR possibly occurred through adventitious roots with a diameter of 2-5 mm and a length of 60-100 cm.HR at depths of 20-60 cm ranged from 0.01-1.77 mm/d with an average of 0.43 mm/d,which accounted for an average of 22% of the estimated seasonal total water depletion at 0-160 cm during the growing season.The climate factors,particularly vapor pressure deficit and soil water potential gradient,accounted for at least 33% and 45% of HR variations with depths and years,respectively.In summary,T.ramosissima can be added to the wide list of existing species involved in HR.High levels of HR may represent a considerable fraction of daily soil water depletion and substantially improve plant water status.HR could vary tremendously in terms of years and depths,and this variation could be attributed to climate factors and soil water potential gradient.