Effects of Adding Mannan Oligosaccharides to Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep in vitro

The test was aimed at determining the effects of adding MOS to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on ruminal fermentation of sheep in vitro.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen.There were 4 diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50) and added to 6 dosages MOS(0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%), respectively.The method of gas production in vitro was used to measure the total gas and CH₄ production, IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD after cultured for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h.The results showed that the gas(except 12 and 24 h) and CH₄ production(except 9 h) were not impacted by the two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD were significantly affected by concentrate to forage ratios(P<0.05), while the IVCPD at 24 h was significantly affected by MOS(P<0.05).Meanwhile, all the indexes were not influenced by the interaction of two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD and IVOMD increased with the rising of concentrate approximately, while the IVCPD decreased with the rising of MOS roughly.The biggest associative effect was gained in 30:70 concentrate to forage diet when adding 1.2% MOS.     

植物低聚糖提取和生物活性鉴定

应用酶解法从小麦细胞壁中提取出低聚糖。经过活性鉴定,具有诱导大豆和小麦抗毒素产生,特别是从小麦代谢、细胞、植株等水平上改善该作物体内防御功能等生物作用。水解酶的种类、纯度、酶活值与所降解低聚糖的活性程度密切相关;高纯度、高酶活单位的水解酶提取的低聚糖,具有较强的生物功能。对来源不同的低聚糖进行了活性差异的比较,同时还讨论了其它因素——诸如小麦细胞的生理状态,低聚糖保存条件等对低聚糖活性的影响。     

低聚果糖与低聚半乳糖在婴幼儿配方乳粉中的精准化应用

母乳是婴幼儿营养配方的金标准,而低聚糖是母乳重要的活性成分。我国母乳喂养婴幼儿平均每天摄入3.5~6.4 g母乳低聚糖,而婴幼儿配方乳粉（以下简称“婴配粉”）喂养婴幼儿平均每天摄入的低聚果糖与低聚半乳糖仅0.6~3.0 g。为精准模拟母乳低聚糖的作用,低聚果糖与低聚半乳糖的含量至关重要。因此,低聚果糖与低聚半乳糖在婴配粉中的添加量有必要适当提高。     

功能性低聚糖在饲料工业上的应用研究进展

功能性低聚糖是一种新型、绿色饲料添加剂,它能够增殖有益菌、抑制病原菌,从而调节肠道微生态系统;可被有益菌利用产生短链脂肪酸、维生素等,为动物提供营养;同时也能够改善脂类代谢和促进日粮中一些矿物质的吸收。本文对功能性低聚糖的种类、应用、作用机理、影响应用效果的因素、应用过程中存在的问题及推广应用前景进行了全面论述。     

Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates prepared by two bacterial agarases stepwise hydrolyzed and their anti-oxidative properties

Twenty algal-oligosaccharide-lysates (AOLs), derived from six agars and four algal polysaccharide extracts (APEs), were treated first with agarases with 250 or 500 agarase activity units (AU), which were produced from the agar-liquefying bacterial strain Pseudomonas vesicularis MA103, named MA103-agarases. The AOLs were then treated with agarases (250 or 500 AU) derived from the agar-softening bacterial strain Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF 108, named MAEF 108-agarases. Anti-oxidative properties of the AOLs were evaluated by five in vitro methods. The AOL obtained from the APE of Porphyra dentate, digested by 250 AU of MA 103-agarases, and by 250 AU of MAEF 108-agarases, designated as A₂₅₀-Por, showed better results than the 19 other AOLs. This result is in accordance with the level of soluble total polyphenols (STP) of A₂₅₀-Por, which was also higher than the remainder of the AOLs tested. The AOL derived from the APE of P. dentate, digested by 500 AU of MA103-agarases and then 500 AU of MAEF108-agarases, and designated as B₅₀₀-Por, displayed the second highest data in four potential evaluation methods, except in H₂O₂ scavenging capacity. In this study, certain agars or APEs digested by specific agarases can present an increasing antioxidative capacity. These agars include Bitek agar, Agar powder, Bacteriological, Agar Bacteriological, and Guanghui agar, plus APEs of Gracilaria sp. and Monostroma nitidum decomposed stepwise by two agarases. The fraction of polyphenols (<1 kDa) that were derived from A₂₅₀-Por showed anti-oxidative activities on α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power determination, while the remaining four agar-lytic fractions obtained from A₂₅₀-Por did not exhibit anti-oxidative activity. This phenomenon may suggest that anti-oxidative properties of AOLs originate in polyphenols. Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates may have potential use as a health food.     

大豆低聚糖分离纯化研究

大豆低聚糖能促进人体肠道内固有的有益细菌——双歧杆菌的增殖,从而抑制肠内腐败菌的生长,并减少有毒发酵产物的形成。是一类功能性低聚糖。综合论述了国内外工业上分离纯化大豆低聚糖的典型工艺过程,并对各单元操作中所用方法进行了比较和分析。     

利用体外法研究功能性寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响

试验采用批次培养法研究了体外条件下日粮分别添加异麦芽寡糖、甘露寡糖及果寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响。3种功能性寡糖的添加水平分别为0(对照组)、0.20%、0.40%、0.60%、0.80%以及1.00%。结果表明:(1)日粮添加异麦芽寡糖可以提高培养液中的VFA含量,降低培养液中的NH3-N含量和培养残渣中的NDF含量,对培养液中BCP含量的影响不确定。(2)日粮添加甘露寡糖可以提高培养液中的VFA含量;可以提高培养液中的BCP含量,并以0.60%的添加量效果最佳;添加量在0.80%以上时,可以显著降低(P<0.05)培养液中的NH3-N含量;对培养残渣中的NDF含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)日粮添加果寡糖可以显著(P<0.05)提高培养液中的VFA含量;当添加量在0.60%以上时,可以显著(P<0.05)提高培养液中的BCP含量,显著(P<0.05)降低培养液中的NH3-N含量和培养残渣中的NDF含量;在本试验所设添加范围内,1.00%的果寡糖对瘤胃发酵影响的综合表现最优。日粮添加异麦芽寡糖、甘露寡糖和果寡糖有助于提高生长绵羊的瘤胃发酵功能,其中果寡糖对提高瘤胃整体发酵功能的作用效果最佳。     

寡糖·柠檬酸及中药联合应用对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响

[目的]为了避免使用抗生素而使机体内正常菌群区系遭到破坏、免疫机能降低、药物残留、使细菌产生耐药性等副作用,研发替代抗生素的饲料添加剂。[方法]研究将寡糖、柠檬酸及中药联合应用对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响,测定初、中、后期平均增重、饲料转化率,检测了免疫功能。[结果]结果表明:在日粮中添加0.2%寡果糖、0.1%柠檬酸、0.2%中药对提高肉鸡的生产性能,促进免疫器官的生长发育,提高机体的细胞免疫机能的作用最明显。[结论]该研究为替代抗生素的无公害饲料添加剂的研发提供了参考。     

α—甘露低聚糖对雏鸡免疫器官发育的影响

试验选用7日龄720只新罗曼褐雏鸡,以4个水平α—MOS分口服与皮下注射两种途径进行试验,并测定雏鸡免疫器官——脾、法氏囊的发育变化情况。结果表明,α—MOS具有明显的增加免疫器官重量的作用,同时具有显著的增重效果,高剂量的α—MOS对鸡的免疫器官和生长速度的作用没有明显的累加效应。     

不同水平大豆寡糖(SBOS)对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响

采用体外批次培养法,研究在日粮中添加不同水平SBOS对绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响。SBOS的添加水平分别为基础日粮的0,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%和2.0%等6个水平,即1个对照组(0水平组)5个试验组,每个组3个重复。结果表明:体外培养24 h,日粮中添加SBOS可以增加瘤胃液NH3-N、丙酸及总VFA、MCP浓度,提高培养底物NDF降解率,降低瘤胃液pH值、乙/丙比值,对瘤胃产气量、瘤胃液乙酸、丁酸浓度影响不显著。应用综合评定指标(MFAEI)对产气量、pH、MCP浓度、总VFA浓度、NH3-N浓度和NDF含量进行综合评定,得出添加量为1.2%的SBOS更有利于调控瘤胃发酵。