黑豆—油菜与大豆—油菜轮作模式土壤镉修复能力比较

通过设置黑豆-油菜、大豆-油菜的轮作模式在湖南醴陵进行大田试验,结果发现黑豆表现出较强的镉富集能力,其根、茎、叶及果壳中镉含量分别为2.14、2.63、4.10及1.34 mg/kg,富集系数均在1以上。油菜各个部位镉含量较高的分别为叶与茎,达到了7.13和4.73 mg/kg。黑豆各部位镉转运系数均高于大豆,各油料作物提取的重金属主要集中在茎与叶。大豆叶的镉富集系数为2.06,茎的镉富集系数为0.86,明显低于黑豆同部位的富集能力。每公顷土地经过一轮黑豆-油菜、大豆-油菜轮作分别能够从土壤中提取73.52 g和51.68 g的镉,对土壤重金属镉的修复效率约为3%。     

油料作物油脂合成调控研究进展

植物油脂不仅是人类可食用油的主要来源,也是人类生产生活中重要的可再生原料。本文概述了植物油脂的生物合成途径,从母体效应、QTL、GWAS等多个方面总结了油料作物油脂合成的遗传学研究进展,同时探讨了已知的油脂合成调控相关基因的功能。本文综述了该领域的研究现状,为深入了解油料作物油脂合成调控网络提供了参考,也为油料作物的分子改良和遗传育种提供了理论基础。     

In vitro susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to organic acids and essential oil components

The antibacterial potential of organic acids and essential oil components against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causative pathogen of swine dysentery, was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 15 compounds were determined at pH 7.2 and pH 6.0, using a broth microdilution assay. In addition, possible synergism was determined. MIC values for the three tested strains were similar. For organic acids, MIC values at pH 6.0 were lower than at pH 7.2. B. hyodysenteriae was most sensitive to cinnamaldehyde and lauric acid, with MIC values <1.5 mM. Most antibacterial effects of binary combinations were additive, however, for thymol and carvacrol, synergism could be observed. In vitro results demonstrate the antibacterial action of certain essential oil components and organic acids against B. hyodysenteriae.     

新型国产白油佐剂与进口Marcol-52白油佐剂配制疫苗的比较试验

The Newcastle disease inactivated vaccines were prepared with oil adjuvants respectively from domestic and import.The experiments were done in order to compare the new domestic oil and Marcol-52 according to a series of testing indexes. The results showed that the quality of the new domestic oil was better than Marcol-52, except the absorptive quality.     

芒果核仁油理化特性及其开发利用研究进展

芒果核仁是芒果加工的副产物,其中脂肪含量达9.0%~13.1%（干基）,从中提取的核仁油是一种优质油脂,具有较高的营养价值及开发利用前景。本文主要从芒果核仁油理化性质、脂质组成及开发利用等方面总结归纳近年来的科学研究进展,并与可可脂、类可可脂的甘油三酯组分进行对比分析,明确了芒果核仁油研究中存在的问题,并给出合理建议。     

成龄油棕园林下间作生姜栽培技术与效益分析

介绍成龄油棕园林下间作生姜的栽培技术方法，并对间作效益进行分析，分析表明，间作效益的大小需考虑油棕园的荫蔽度。     

Ecological implications of motor oil pollution: Earthworm survival and soil health

The nontarget effects of fresh and used motor oil were studied in a soil test system involving such criteria as earthworm survival, response of soil dehydrogenase and urease, and nitrification. When earthworms were exposed to motor oil-contaminated soil for 4 weeks, the observed median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were 40.33 and 3.88 g kg⁻¹ soil for fresh and used oil, respectively. Only fresh motor oil application increased earthworms' body weight even at the higher dose of 19 g kg⁻¹ soil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that used motor oil contained more of aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals than fresh oil. This disparity in the chemical composition might be the factor responsible for the significant toxicity of used motor oil towards earthworms. Activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease were significantly enhanced in presence of both the motor oils, while there was a significant inhibition in nitrification by the used motor oil even at a low concentration of 0.2 g kg⁻¹ soil. This study clearly demonstrated that earthworm survival and nitrification could serve as suitable indices to assess motor oil pollution in soil.     

油脂预乳化提高大豆拉丝蛋白素食香肠品质

为了提高大豆拉丝蛋白(Textured Fibril Soy Protein,TFSP)素食香肠的品质,该研究将油脂预乳化工艺应用于TFSP素食香肠的加工,利用响应面试验设计优化了预乳化工艺条件,采用质构分析仪测定分析了产品的质构特性,并进行了感官评价。结果表明优化后的最佳预乳化工艺条件为菜籽油含量445g/L、大豆分离蛋白浓度105g/L、乳化机剪切速率9.0×103r/min。与对照组相比,此条件下制作的预乳化-TFSP素食香肠的凝胶强度、硬度和咀嚼性分别提高了约1倍、10%和26%,且产品口感鲜嫩、富有汁液感,感官评价得分显著提高。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析了不同工艺制作的TFSP素食香肠在煮制前后微观结构的变化,结果发现油脂预乳化工艺可大大提高乳化油脂的稳定性和在香肠凝胶基质中的均匀分布,从而使乳化油脂的‘填充作用’得以发挥,不仅增强了TFSP素食香肠的保水保油能力,降低了蒸煮损失率,而且对香肠的质构和感官特性产生了重要影响。因此油脂预乳化工艺是一种辅助提高素食香肠整体品质行之有效的方法。     

油雾润滑技术在流程企业的应用

油雾润滑作为一种新型的机泵润滑方式，具有改善润滑效果、降低轴承故障率、减少润滑油消耗量和降低运行成本等优点，且已在国内外石油化工行业得到广泛应用。本文对油雾润滑系统的工作原理、油雾润滑与传统润滑的性能比较、油雾润滑系统的配置及油雾润滑技术的发展应用情况进行详细综述，并指出油雾润滑技术对装置规模大、集中程度高、人员配置少的生产装置具有很好的应用价值。     

向日葵副产物的营养特性及在反刍动物中的应用

饲料资源缺乏一直以来都是制约中国畜牧业发展的主要因素。从长远看，常规饲料已不能维持中国畜牧业的可持续发展，开发新的饲料资源是解决饲料不足的重要途径之一。向日葵副产物营养价值较高、来源广、价格低，是一种非常具有开发价值的新型饲料。向日葵副产物包括向日葵饼粕、向日葵盘、向日葵秸秆及葵花籽壳：向日葵饼粕蛋白质含量高、纤维含量低，是一种优质的植物蛋白来源，可以提高奶牛乳汁的营养价值、促进肉牛生长、提高羊的瘤胃发酵效果；向日葵盘粗脂肪含量高，含有大量的膳食纤维，可以提高奶牛的产奶量和乳脂率，促进肉牛增重，提高羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及粗蛋白质、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维的消化率；向日葵秸秆富含氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等矿物质元素以及少量的蛋白质，可以为肉牛提供一些常量元素和微量元素，提高羊的日增重，降低料重比；葵花籽壳的主要成分是纤维素和木质素，含有丰富的生物活性物质，可以提高奶牛日增重、肉牛饲料转化率。作者具体介绍了向日葵副产物饼粕、葵盘、秸秆、葵花籽壳的营养价值，以及目前它们在反刍动物饲料中的应用情况，以期为今后向日葵副产物的开发利用提供理论依据。