The Effects of Hardness Allele Pinb-D1b on the Flour Quality of Wheat for Japanese White Salty Noodles

We studied the effects of hardness allele Pinb-D1b on the flour quality characters for Japanese white salty noodles. With 110 doubled haploid lines derived from ‘Chugoku 140’ (hard,Pinb-D1b )בChikugoizumi’ (soft, Pinb-D1a), Pinb-D1b hard lines were found to have larger L* and a* of 60% flour colour, and smaller RVA breakdown than those of Pinb-D1a soft lines in addition to the higher flour yield, and larger average flour particle size. The Pinb-D1b allele is thus regarded to effectively improve milling efficiency and flour brightness. The inferior flour viscosity of Pinb-D1b lines is compensated for by introducing waxy allele(s) to increase viscosity by lowering amylose content.     

优质新疆拉面品种品质评价的多重PCR体系构建与应用

新疆拉面是深受人们喜爱的特色面食之一,建立优质新疆拉面品质评价体系对其专用品种选育和评价具有重要意义。本研究构建了3套检测新疆拉面优质基因的多重PCR体系,并对46份新疆冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)进行了检测。体系Ⅰ可同时直接检测Ax2、Pinb-D1b和ω-secalin(1B·1R易位)3种基因,体系Ⅱ可同时直接检测两个位点Psy-A1(Psy-A1a、Psy-A1b、Psy-A1c)和Ppo-D1(Ppo-D1a、Ppo-D1b)的5种基因,体系Ⅲ可同时直接检测Glu-B3a、Wx-B1a和Wx-B1b3种基因,3套体系检测对照品种(系)的结果均与已知基因型完全一致。对46份新疆冬小麦的检测结果表明,Ax2、Pinb-D1b和不含ω-secalin(非1B·1R易位)基因出现的频率依次为30.4%、45.7%和78.3%,Psy-A1a、Psy-A1b、Psy-A1c、Ppo-D1a和Ppo-D1b基因的频率分别为94.5%、4.3%、2.2%、91.3%和8.7%,Glu-B3a、Wx-B1a和Wx-B1b基因的频率依次为21.7%、91.3%和8.7%;其中,与新疆拉面优质性状相关的5个基因Ppo-D1a、不含ω-secalin、Pinb-D1b、Glu-B3a和Ax2的频率明显高于全国平均水平;共检测到19种优质拉面基因的组合类型,其中含1、2、3、4和5个优质基因的组合类型依次占参试品种(系)的13.0%、32.6%、26.1%、23.9%和4.3%,没有发现同时含6或7个优质基因的品种(系),出现频率最高的优质基因组合类型为Ppo-D1a/不含ω-secalin(非1B·1R易位)、Ppo-D1a/Glu-B3a/不含ω-secalin和Ppo-D1a/Ax2/Pinb-D1b/不含ω-secalin。研究结果表明,本研究建立的3套多重PCR体系,结果稳定可靠,可作为新疆拉面品种品质性状快速评价的方法;利用本研究构建的多重PCR体系和筛选出的含优质基因(组合)的品种(系),开展小麦品质评价和分子聚合育种,将会提高新疆拉面品种评价和选育的效率。     

黑小麦品种(系)加工品质性状和蒸煮食品加工品质特性研究

[目的]为黑小麦品质育种、加工品质评价及相关加工企业的原料选择与质量控制提供参考依据.[方法]选用在新疆种植表现良好的6个黑小麦品种(系)为原料,对其主要加工品质性状及面条、馒头和新疆拉面加工品质特性进行测试与评价.[结果]供试黑小麦品种(系)的容重、硬度、蛋白质含量、沉淀值较高,湿面筋含量中等,灰分含量、吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间偏低.品种间面团流变学特性差异较大,面粉蛋白质质量需进一步提高.S-2、黑小麦76和96-45具有较好的面条加工适用性,S-2属于制作馒头良好黑小麦品系,S-2和黑小麦76属于制作新疆拉面良好的黑小麦品种(系).[结论]黑小麦在我国传统蒸煮类食品加工上仍有很大的开发前景.     

质构仪在面条品质测定中的应用

传统的感官鉴定一直是面条品质评价的主要手段,但其缺点是方法不易标准化,不同地区、不同实验室的评价结果可能会有较大差异。质构仪测定结果的客观性,使其在评价面条品质中已经广为使用。介绍了采用英国Stable Micro System生产的TA—XT质构仪,对面条品质进行评价的具体方法和参数的设定。     

Effect of hydrothermal treatment of rice flour on various rice noodles quality

The rice noodle industry in Thailand is facing problems regarding rice flour quality. This research aims to study the effects of hydrothermally modified rice flour on improving rice noodle quality. High-amylose rice flour (Chai Nat 1 variety) was modified using heat–moisture treatment (HMT) and annealing (ANN). Response surface methodology (RSM) with face-centered central composite design (FCCD) was applied to optimize the hydrothermal treatment condition. The effects of treatment conditions – moisture content; heating temperature and heating time on pasting; rheology; and textural properties of rice flour gel – were observed. A contour plot showed that all responses using HMT increased when moisture content and heating temperature increased. But heating time had no significant effect on response variables. ANN showed a lower response than HMT for all parameters. The optimum modified conditions were then matched with those of commercial flour for fresh, semi-dry and dry rice noodles; this showed no significant differences in texture or cooking quality (P≤0.05). The storage modulus (G′) after cooling of HMT (19,100 Pa) was much higher than that of ANN (5490 Pa). The differences in rheological properties of both treatments supported their proper uses to achieve various rice noodle qualities.     

新疆冬小麦磨粉品质与面粉及新疆拉面品质的关系

为给新疆冬小麦品种加工新疆拉面的品质改良提供理论依据,选用30个新疆冬小麦品种为试验材料,研究了新疆冬小麦品种磨粉品质与面粉（团）品质性状及新疆拉面加工品质的关系。结果表明,新疆冬小麦品种磨粉品质性状间关系密切,各性状之间相互联系、相互作用;磨粉品质对面粉（团）的主要品质性状具有显著影响,并通过影响面粉（团）品质性状进而影响新疆拉面加工品质,如出粉率、灰分、破损淀粉率通过对面团吸水率、形成时间、延展性、反弹值等品质性状的显著影响进而对新疆拉面表观、适口性、光滑性等产生间接影响。其中,出粉率与拉面的色泽、适口性、光滑性呈显著正相关（r=0.396,0.466,0.475）,灰分与适口性、食味呈显著或极显著负相关（r=-0.364,-0.524）,破损淀粉率与适口性呈极显著正相关（r=0.485）,a^*值与食味呈显著负相关（r=-0.565）,而b^*值与食味呈显著正相关（r=0.402）。因此,冬小麦品种加工新疆拉面的品质改良中应重视磨粉品质的改良,要注重提高出粉率、降低灰分和破损淀粉率,同时还应改良面粉色泽。对16个适合加工优质新疆拉面的冬小麦品种的磨粉品质性状研究后认为优质新疆拉面的磨粉品质指标为：出粉率≥66.04%,灰分(14%MB)≤0.62%,破损淀粉率≤3.69%,面粉颗粒度≤104.28%,L^*≥90.78,a^*≥-0.81,b^*≤8.54。     

Experimental Study on Drying Coefficient of Noodle

In this paper, the characteristics of noodle in different stages during drying process are analysed. And the influence of thermal parameters of dry media on drying process are studied by a series of experiments. On the basis of the experimental results, the methods are introduced for calculating the drying coefficient K, and the different drying coefficients obtained from part of the experimental conditions are given.     

面包面条兼用型强筋小麦主要品质性状分析与评价

为明确面包面条兼用型强筋小麦主要品质水平,对32份集聚Ax2^*/Bx7+By8或By9/Dx5+Dy10亚基和 wx-B1b基因的春小麦品种(系)进行面粉品质相关指标分析。结果表明,供试品种(系)面筋指数平均为94.4%,能量平均为122 cm²,延伸性平均为146 mm,最大拉伸阻力平均为654 EU;糊化温度平均为63.7℃,峰值粘度平均为1 125 BU,峰值温度平均为87.4℃,各品质指标表现优良。对近年审定的4个品种进行面制品评分发现,面包评分平均为84.3,面条评分平均为86.2,饺子皮评分平均为84.3,均属于优质面包面条兼用型品种。对品质指标进行相关性分析发现,面筋指数、拉伸参数等与淀粉糊化特性相关不显著,面筋质量与淀粉特性可实现同步改良。Ax2^*/Bx7+By8或By9/Dx5+Dy10/ wx-B1b可作为兼用型强筋小麦优质基因集聚类型之一,在品质改良中加以利用。本研究中,龙19-9859、龙19-9876、龙19-9878、龙18H2305、龙蒙麦9030、龙麦77、龙麦86及龙麦94为优异面包面条...     

基于Arrhenius方程建立湿米粉货架期预测模型的研究

旨在为湿米粉生产企业改进工艺、优化运输贮藏条件提供技术支持。以课题组开发的2N+2L标准湿米粉、旧工艺的湿米粉和市售湿米粉3种不同工艺的产品为研究对象,探讨其在不同贮藏温度下品质的变化规律,建立湿米粉的动力学模型并预测其货架期。结果显示,在4℃、10℃及25℃下贮藏的3种不同工艺湿米粉,微生物指标和感官指标对品质劣变均有一定影响。2N+2L标准的湿米粉在4℃、10℃及25℃下货架期分别为96 h、72 h和36 h,优于其他2种产品。在此基础上,以感官品质的整体接受度为限制因子指标,建立了3种产品的货架期预测模型。经验证,该模型的预测值与实测值相对误差小于10%,表明模型准确有效,在湿米粉行业具有良好的应用前景。     

High Temperature-induced Changes in High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits of Chinese Winter Wheat and its Influences on the Texture of Chinese Noodles

Post-anthesis temperature affects wheat flour quality, dough properties and end-use quality. In order to investigate the changes in high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) expression caused by elevated temperature and its influences on the texture properties of Chinese noodles, three temperature-induced (<35 °C) treatments were applied to two cultivars with different gluten strengths. The cultivars were grown outside in 0.75 m² containers on the farm of Shandong Agricultural University in 2003–2004. Three post-anthesis temperature treatments, at 15 days after anthesis (DAA), 20 and 25 DAA, respectively, were applied during the grain-filling period by moving the containers from outside into a greenhouse at three replicates per treatment. At maturity, the HMW-GS was extracted. The results indicated that the HMW-GS expression from the wheat with stronger gluten strength appeared to be more tolerant under the different treatments than did that from the weaker dough strength wheat. The same HMW-GS (5 + 10) from different cultivars showed different effects on noodle quality. Moderately high temperature treatments benefited wet noodle texture quality and noodle scores at a different degree. All HMW-GS expression in wheat with the weaker strength appeared to be negatively correlated with wet noodle firmness (WNF) and wet noodle cutting force (WNCF). Some correlation coefficients showed significance. However, HMW-GS expression at Glu-B1 and individual Glu-B1x 14 expression from the strong wheat demonstrated significantly positive correlations with WNF and WNCF. Individual HMW-GS expression of the Glu-B1 and Glu-B1 location and the X-type subunits showed significantly positive correlations with the noodle score. The same HMW-GS at Glu-D1 from varieties with different gluten strength had different contributions to noodle quality.