大豆胶中各组分对其黏度和湿强度的影响

用大豆分离蛋白(SPI)作为蛋白质基体,分别添加2种糖类物质和1种小分子氨基酸,用来模拟豆粉,探索豆粉中各个组分对胶黏剂黏度和湿强度的影响。结果表明:可溶性大豆多糖、甘氨酸均对SPI的黏度没有影响,但会使湿强度降低;而不溶性大豆纤维使SPI的黏度增大,但对湿强度没有影响。利用光学显微镜观察及DSC热分析讨论了蛋白质形态及变性对胶黏剂湿强度的影响。     

非结构集成材加工技术及质量控制

介绍了非结构集成材的分类，阐述了非结构集成材工艺流程、刨削加工、加工余量、操作技术及安装刀具的规则。确定了非结构集成材加工质量要求。     

柳杉实木胶合工艺及性能研究

为开发柳杉非结构用集成材,以剪切强度、木破率、浸渍剥离率为考核指标,进行柳杉实木胶合工艺及性能的研究。结果表明:柳杉木材可用于非结构集成材的制备,较优的胶合工艺为:压力1.0 MPa、加压时间30min、涂胶量180g/m2,胶合时按"弦切面-弦切面"纹理组合,其性能指标可达到日本标准JAS SE-8的要求。     

太行山水柿果实成熟过程中主要成分含量的动态变化

对太行山水柿转色期后果实成熟过程中总糖、蛋白质、单宁等主要成分的变化规律进行研究,以确定最佳采收期.结果表明,在果实成熟过程中,可溶固形物和总糖的含量呈上升趋势,可溶固形物和总糖含量分别为180 g.kg-1,150 g.kg-1左右达到峰值,然后趋于平稳;单宁和蛋白质含量呈逐渐减少趋势,其含量分别在12 g.kg-1,6 g.kg-1左右时相对平稳;原果胶含量逐渐降低,可溶性果胶含量逐渐上升;总酸含量较低,整个过程变化不大.因此采收期的确定应以含糖量为准,当表皮呈现品种特有的橙黄色,含糖量达150~170 g.kg-1时采收,此时水柿可维持较高的硬度,有助于运输中的稳定性和完整性.     

Causes of Sterility in Seed Set of Rice under Salinity Stress

The effects of salinity at 50 mM NaCl on floral characteristics, yield components, and biochemical and physiological attributes of the sensitive rice variety IR‐28 were studied under controlled conditions to determine the causes of sterility in seed set under salinity stress. The results showed significant decreases in panicle weight, panicle length, primary branches/panicle, filled seeds/panicle, unfilled seeds/panicle, filled seeds/plant, unfilled seeds/plant, total seeds/panicle, total seed weight/panicle, 1000‐seed weight and total seed weight/plant. The sodium content in different leaves and floral parts increased significantly. In contrast, the potassium content was decreased significantly in leaves and floral parts. A reduction in chlorophyll a and b was also noted in different parts of the leaves. Inhibition of transpiration and photosynthesis was observed in flag leaves at the grain‐filling stage. Soluble carbohydrates in different leaves were reduced significantly in salinized plants but their content in different floral parts was increased, with the exception of primary and secondary branch spikelets. Under salinity stress, total protein concentration in flag, second and third leaves were higher than in control plants. The viability of rice pollen was reduced significantly in salinized plants. It was further observed that starch synthetase activity (α1–4‐glucan glucosyle transferases) in developing rice grains was inhibited very significantly under salinity stress. From these results, it is inferred that sterility and significant reductions in seed set in rice were not merely due to reduction or inhibition of different biochemical constituents and physiological functions, but were mainly due to limitation of soluble carbohydrate translocation in primary and secondary spikelets, accumulation of more sodium and less potassium in all the floral parts, and highly significant inhibition of specific activity of starch synthetase in developing rice grains, thus resulting in failure of seed set.     

牦牛FMDV持续感染分离株非结构蛋白P2的克隆及基因特征分析

以FMDV持续感染模型动物牦牛的食道/咽部分离物(O/P液)为反转录模板,用1对特异性引物扩增目的cDNA,然后与pMD18-T载体连接并转化JM109菌株,再经重组质粒电泳、PCR和EcoRⅠ酶切鉴定.序列测定和分析结果表明,分离株与China/99的同源性最高达93.4%,而与Akesu/58序列的同源性为90.3%;推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为97.8%、96.7%.     

减少降水和草本竞争对白桦幼苗细根形态和生理特征的影响

为了解黄土高原半干旱区草本竞争对于造林树种幼苗细根的影响,以1年生白桦幼苗为试验对象,设置正常和减少天然降水2个水分处理,并以草地早熟禾作为竞争处理模拟草本竞争,进行1个生长季大田盆栽试验。通过测量白桦幼苗细根形态和营养指标,以期揭示白桦幼苗细根对土壤水分胁迫和草本竞争的响应机制,为黄土高原森林营造中阔叶树种选择和栽植技术提供理论依据。结果表明:1）生长季内,减少降水处理显著减少了土壤水分含量33%,但未显著影响白桦幼苗的存活率以及细根生物量和养分含量,仅导致细根表面积和体积减小。2）在草本竞争下,白桦幼苗细根全N含量显著下降,存活率以及总碳、可溶性糖、淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）等营养指标未受影响。3）降水和草本地下竞争的交互作用显著影响了白桦幼苗细根生物量、淀粉及NSC含量。有草本地下竞争时,降水减少显著降低了白桦幼苗细根生物量,细根淀粉和NSC含量则显著升高,反映了土壤水分含量下降时白桦幼苗细根竞争能力的下降,从而与草本地下竞争减弱。白桦幼苗细根在正常天然降水下受草本地下竞争影响增加生物量,但在减少降水时其形态和营养特征受到草本地下竞争影响较小。表明在迹地和退耕还林地等养分含量较高土壤上使用白桦幼苗造林时,无需考虑草本竞争的影响。     

Energy reserves and reproductive investment in male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Abstract – In a 6-month study of male sticklebacks from a single cohort of an annual population, energy reserves (carbohydrate, lipid and protein) in the carcass and gonad were found to increase from December to May. Energy reserves in the liver increased from December to March before declining between March and April, a period of marked gonadal growth in this population. Examination at the individual level of the interrelationships among the various components of the energy store (corrected for differences in body size) identified overall body condition as a major component of variation and highlighted a negative relationship between energetic investment in gonadal tissue and energy reserves in various somatic compartments. Early in the season, relative gonadal weight was largely unrelated to somatic energy reserves, but from March onwards there was a negative correlation between these two variables. These data suggest that a significant flux of glycogen and lipid from the somatic to the gonadal tissue occurs in male sticklebacks in the period just prior to the breeding season, with the extent of gonadal growth varying between individuals and occurring at the expense of overall nutritional status. ^Note     

Frequency and timing of stem removal influence Corylus americana resprout vigor in oak savanna

Shrubs are an important component of many ecosystems, contributing to spatial and resource heterogeneity and adding to life form and species diversity. Many shrub species have adapted to regular disturbances such as fire by resprouting after stem removal. The relative vigor with which shrubs resprout influences post-disturbance size and density of individuals and thus, can alter community structure. However, little is known about how disturbance frequency and seasonality influence resprouting. We studied resprout vigor of the native shrub American hazel (Corylus americana Walter) in oak savanna in Minnesota, USA. We measured resprout growth of individual shrubs in response to the frequency and timing of clipping in relatively open and shaded conditions. We hypothesized that resprouting of C. americana would be negatively related to clip frequency, due to more rapid depletion of stored resources necessary for resprouting, and positively related to light availability. In 12 weeks following a single clipping, shrubs recovered 82% of the lost stem biomass in open savanna, but only 17% in shaded forest. In both open and closed sites, shrubs clipped three times or more resprouted only 10-15% as much biomass as those clipped once. Moreover, the timing of clipping had as large an effect on resprout potential as the number of clipping events, and small differences in timing were important. Plants clipped once in mid or late June or in July regrew 57, 17, and 8% as much biomass, respectively in the six weeks following clipping as those clipped in early June. These results illustrate that both the timing and number of disturbance events within a growing season can strongly influence shrub growth, which can have important implications for ecosystem structure, function, and management.     

低磷条件下熊猫豆光合特性及碳水化合物累积变化研究

利用水培方法研究了熊猫豆对低磷胁迫随时间的生理响应.结果表明,磷胁迫下熊猫豆根系最大根长增加46％;但叶片面积变小,且发育延迟.缺磷时熊猫豆幼苗叶片光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量以及蒸腾速率均下降,但是胞间CO2上升;缺磷植株还原性糖、可溶性总糖含量均降低,但是还原糖向根系的分配比例增加;缺磷植株根系活力上升、酸性磷酸...