政府购买农业农村公益性服务的实践与思考——以永定区坎市镇为例

介绍了坎市镇基本概况及近年来政府购买农业农村公益性服务项目实施情况，分析了客观 审视下的诸多问题，提出了乡村振兴下推进政府购买农业农村公益性服务的若干对策思考。     

对内蒙古积极发展绿色农畜产品生产加工输出基地的思考

农畜产业作为内蒙古地区的优势产业，对区内经济发展起着关键的作用。为此，本文分析内 蒙古积极发展农畜产品生产加工基地的优势，结合发展的现状，提出积极发展农畜产品生产加工输出 基地的对策，为产业稳定发展提供理论参考和借鉴。     

How do hedgerows influence soil organic carbon stock in livestock‐grazed pasture?

Hedgerows have the potential to influence ecosystem function in livestock‐grazed pasture. Despite this, they are often ignored when quantifying farmland ecosystem service delivery. In this study, we assess the contribution of hedgerows to the ecosystem function of carbon (C) storage, with a particular emphasis on soil organic carbon (SOC). We measured SOC stock (kg C m^?2), on an equivalent soil mass basis, at 0–0.15 m depth in pasture adjacent to 38 hedgerows (biotic) and 16 stone walls or fences (abiotic controls) across ten farms in the county of Conwy, Wales, UK. Pasture SOC stock (~7 kg C m^?2) was similar adjacent to biotic and abiotic field boundaries, positively associated with soil moisture and negatively with soil bulk density (BD). For biotic boundaries, two further variables were significantly associated with SOC stock, distance from hedgerow (decrease in SOC stock) and slope orientation (upslope SOC stock greater than downslope). For pasture adjacent to hedgerows, a model combining the aforementioned variables (BD, soil moisture, distance from hedgerow, slope orientation) explained 78% of variation in SOC stock. This study demonstrates that whilst hedgerows do have subtle positive effects on SOC stock in adjacent pasture, SOC storage adjacent to field boundaries is influenced more by soil moisture content and BD than field boundary type.     

基于盘锦市大洼区认养农业的效益分析

在我国提出的乡村振兴大背景下，农业和农村迎来了许多的发展机遇和挑战，其中认养农业 的兴起对于现在农业转型来看是一个比较好探索。文章首先解释了认养农业的含义和现状，接着基 于辽宁省盘锦市大洼区认养农业的发展状况，对发展认养农业的地方进行了效益分析，可为我国其他 地区发展这种新型农业认养模式提供些许借鉴作用。     

农业循环经济下稻秸秆综合利用概述

稻秸秆资源是一种重要的可再生资源,我国是一个具有丰富稻秸秆资源的国家。本文通过在农业循环经济模式的发展下,在可持续发展思想的指导下,对稻秸秆资源综合利用的循环发展模式及产生的效益进行阐述,说明其多元利用格局的形成,有利于实现环境保护与经济效益的双赢,有着极其广阔的发展前景。     

北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚测度实证研究

以北京蔬菜专业村为研究对象,选取2012—2018年北京蔬菜专业村及蔬菜产业相关数据,运用区位商指数测算方法,从时间和空间两个层面对北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚度进行测算;运用集中度指数测算方法,从专业村主导产业总产值和从业农户数两方面对集聚度进行测算。结果显示,北京市蔬菜专业村出现了集聚现象,但存在不稳定上下波动的问题,顺义区、通州区和平谷区总体集聚程度较高,并保持稳定集聚状态,集聚区域主要集中在顺义区和房山区。研究建议完善蔬菜专业村基础设施建设,打造蔬菜专业村区域品牌效应,发挥蔬菜示范村辐射带动作用,推进专业镇、基地及园区建设。     

生物质炭对橡胶园土壤酸度及交换性能的影响

为合理运用热带农业废弃物改良酸性土壤,采用室内培养试验研究了加入15 g/kg和45 g/kg的椰炭、蔗炭、胶炭和蕉炭对橡胶园土壤酸度及交换性能的影响。结果表明:除加入蔗炭15 g/kg在培养第9 d、30~60 d和蔗炭45 g/kg的处理在培养第45 d外,四种生物质炭在两种添加量下在各培养时间内土壤pH均显著高于对照,土壤p H提升效果为蕉炭胶炭椰炭蔗炭,且不同生物质炭处理之间土壤p H提升效果差异显著;除添加蔗炭15 g/kg的处理外,其余三种生物质炭两种加入量均显著降低了土壤交换性酸和交换性铝含量,而土壤交换性氢仅在加入蔗炭45 g/kg和蕉炭15 g/kg、45 g/kg的处理上显著低于对照;此外,蕉炭、椰炭、蔗炭显著提高了土壤阳离子交换量和土壤盐基饱和度,但胶炭仅提高了土壤盐基饱和度。上述结果表明,蕉炭、胶炭、椰炭和蔗炭等热带农业废弃物生物质炭能提高橡胶园土壤p H,降低土壤交换性酸和交换性铝含量,从而改善橡胶园土壤酸度条件。同时,以上生物质炭也能提高土壤阳离子交换量和土壤盐基饱和度。可见,蕉炭、胶炭、椰炭和蔗炭等热带农业废弃物生物质炭可用于改良热带橡胶园酸性土壤,但不同种类生物质炭及其用量在土壤改良效果上存在差异。     

海南中部四市(县)高效农业发展的现状、思路及措施

海南中部山区是海南岛生物多样性最丰富的区域,但同时也是海南经济发展最落后的地区,其发展关系到海南经济可持续发展、民族团结、社会稳定和海南区域整体发展战略的实现。通过分析海南中部白沙、琼中、保亭、五指山四个市(县)农业的发展现状,指出目前发展高效农业存在的问题,提出海南中部四市县发展高效农业的思路及相应措施。     

Influence of basin‐based conservation agriculture on selected soil quality parameters under smallholder farming in Zimbabwe

The research was carried out to determine the effect of basin‐based conservation agriculture (CA) on selected soil quality parameters. Paired plots (0.01 ha) of CA and conventional tillage based on the animal‐drawn mouldboard plough (CONV) were established between 2004 and 2007 on farm fields on soils with either low (12–18% – sandy loams and sandy clay loams) or high clay levels (>18–46% – sandy clays and clays) as part of an ongoing project promoting CA in six districts in the smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe. We hypothesized that CA would improve soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density, aggregate stability, soil moisture retention and infiltration rate. Soil samples for SOC and aggregate stability were taken from 0 to 15 cm depth and for bulk density and soil moisture retention from 0 to 5, 5 to 10 and 10 to 15 cm depths in 2011 from maize plots. Larger SOC contents, SOC stocks and improved aggregate stability, decreased bulk density, increased pore volume and moisture retention were observed in CA treatments. Results were consistent with the hypothesis, and we conclude that CA improves soil quality under smallholder farming. Benefits were, however, greater in high clay soils, which is relevant to the targeting of practices on smallholder farming areas of sub‐Saharan Africa.     

娄底市休闲农业产业升级的途径与建议

指出了当今社会发展迅速,生活节奏加快,给都市人群带来了身体和精神上的双重压力,对于田园生活的渴求日益迫切。在这种情况下,休闲农业这个巨大的商机涌现了,这个新型产业不但有广大的市场支撑,而且也不缺相关的政策支持。但只有不断进行产业升级,完善产业升级的动力机制,制定合理完整的政策保障,才能取得长足发展。为此,提出了娄底市休闲农业产业升级的途径与建议,以供参考。