油罐浮顶焊缝断裂原因分析及整治

通过浮顶油罐浮顶焊缝断裂漏油的实例，从油罐设计、施工、检修和油罐运行管理四个方面对浮顶焊缝断裂的原因，作了较详细的分析，同时提出了防止焊缝断裂的整治措施，主要从油罐设计、大修时的补救及油罐的日常运行管理等三个方面进行了探讨。     

Tank-mix adjuvants and pesticide residues: some regulatory and quantitative aspects

Although it is well known that judicious use of adjuvants can increase the performance of foliage-applied sprays of many agrochemicals, little information is available in the public domain about their ultimate effects on pesticide residues in treated crops. In the present work, the influence of Agral (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols), Toil (methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids) and Bond (styrene-butadiene copolymers) on surface and crop residues of diclofop-methyl/diclofop and propiconazole in wheat and field beans was investigated using a model system simulating field practice. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations, diclofop-methyl 378 g litre(-1) EC (Hoegrass) and propiconazole 250 g litre(-1) EC (Tilt), at their maximum approved rates, 1135 g AI ha(-1) and 125 g AI ha(-1), respectively, both in the presence or absence of the maximum rate recommended for each candidate adjuvant. No detectable residues of diclofop-methyl or propiconazole were found in wheat 35 days after any of the four applications. However, residues of diclofop were present in this crop, and those from applications containing Agral (0.07 mg kg(-1) fresh weight (FW)) or Bond (0.08 mg kg(-1) FW) were significantly lower than those with no adjuvant (0.14 mg kg(-1) FW) or Toil (0.16 mg kg(-1) FW). Unlike wheat, residues of both diclofop and propiconazole were detected in field beans after harvest. Significantly higher residues of the former were recorded from the applications with Agral or Bond (ca 0.32 mg kg(-1) FW) than with those with no adjuvant or Toil (ca 0.15mg kg(-1) FW). All the propiconazole applications containing adjuvants showed a similar significant increase in residues (0.10-0.16 mg AI kg(-1) FW) over the no-adjuvant treatment (0.05 mg kg(-1) FW) in this crop. There appeared to be little agreement between the apparent amounts of uptake, as indicated by the rates of decline of surface residues up to 5 days after application, and final residues in either target species. On wheat, surface residues of diclofop-methyl decreased from initially ca 20 to as little as 0.02 mg kg(-1) FW using adjuvants; the corresponding values for propiconazole were ca 2 to ca 0.03 mg kg(-1) FW. Recoveries of diclofop-methyl from the surfaces of field beans were much higher than those from wheat, declining from ca 30 to only ca 6 mg kg(-1) FW during the course of 5 days; the corresponding residues for propiconazole were ca 2 mg to 0.15 mg kg(-1) FW. These findings are discussed in relation to uptake results obtained with radiolabelled pesticides and adjuvants in the laboratory, and to the mandatory requirements for pesticide residue data for the authorised use of adjuvants in the UK.     

重金属镉在香菇品种中的积累比较

选择出口量最大的香菇为材料，分析了三个不同香菇品种对有害重金属镉的积累．结果表明，3个香菇品种对重金属Cd的富集能力为；庆科20〉241—1〉9015，建议可以9015为抗重金属Cd的栽培品种。     

新疆污灌区重金属含量及形态研究

本文对新疆污灌区土壤中Cu、Zn、N i、Cr、Pb五种重金属元素的含量和形态特征进行了研究。结果表明,Cu、Zn、N i、Cr、Pb主要富集在0—20cm表土中。以《土壤环境质量标准》GB15618—1995二级标准为评价标准,污染综合指数评价均为安全级。新疆污灌表土中Cu、Zn、N i、Cr、Pb以残渣态为主,水溶态和可交换态比例低,其中Cu、Zn、Pb的潜在生物可利用性较高。     

城镇净化沼气池残渣还田处理试点研究

通过对城镇生活污水净化沼气池残渣与农村沼气池沼渣性质的分析比较及农田土壤成分的分析，提出了城镇净化沼气池残渣还田处理研究。在连续三年对小麦，油菜施用城镇净化沼气池残渣还田处理效果研究的基础上，总结出了实用的施用技术。     

中小型圆柱形钢油罐直径和高度的计算方法

从实际计算出发，将等壁厚油罐和变壁厚油罐统一考虑，得到了最省材料的中小型油罐的高度确定方法。计算表明，油罐的最优高度不但与钢材种类，焊接水平，顶底厚度之和有关，而且还与所设计油罐的圈板数（或圈板高度），最小壁厚、液面蒸气压等有关。用原有方法确定油罐高度有些偏大。地公称容积同但计算容积不同的油罐，其设计高度应有所区别。     

网状阳极在储罐底板阴极保护中的作用

储罐底板的阴极保护可采用网状阳极系统，柔性阳极系统以及在储罐基础内铺设镁带等三种方式。经济比较表明，在储罐底板采用网状阳极系统，外侧无需使用防腐层，既合理又经济。     

绵阳市水稻青立病发病原因及防治技术研究

【目的】探讨绵阳市水稻青立病发病原因和防治措施。【方法】采取调查分析与田间试验的方法，比较不同除草剂处理水稻青立病发病情况，测定发病田块土壤和水稻植株重金属种类及含量，初步明确绵阳市水稻青立病发病原因；分析不同防治手段下水稻青立病发病情况，探索水稻青立病防治措施。【结果】施用除草剂不会引起水稻青立病发生，但过量施用会显著降低稻谷产量。与不发病田块相比，发病田块 0~50 cm 土层重金属砷含量增加 2.3~5.6 mg/kg；与不发病植株相比，发病水稻植株总砷含量增加 0.03~0.20 mg/kg；与对照相比，在小麦季随整地施用硫磺并在水稻季随整地施用石灰可降低水稻青立病发病率 20.74%；与种植籼稻品种相比，在水稻青立病易发病田块种植粳稻品种可使发病率显著降低。【结论】绵阳市水稻青立病发生原因为土壤重金属砷、镉和铜含量偏高。苄乙、吡嘧磺隆、二氯喹啉酸和五氟磺草胺 4 种除草剂施用不是水稻青立病的发病原因。在麦稻轮作和秸秆全量还田条件下，在小麦季随整地施用硫磺并在水稻季随整地施用石灰对水稻青立病防治效果显著。     

提高石油库罐区土地利用率的方法

通过罐区单位容量用地面积来探讨罐区容量和油罐规格之间的关系以及油罐的布置方式，给出了降低罐区的ψ值，提高罐区土地利用率的方法。提出储存相同火灾危险性油品的罐区容量应在３００００ｍ＾３以上为宜；一定的罐区容量对应一定的油罐规格，才能节省罐区的用地面积；油罐容积不超过５０００ｍ＾３的罐区，油罐采用双列布置比单列布置节省罐区的用地面积。     

液化石油气储罐安全防护方式的比较与选择

介绍了液化石油气储罐火灾事故的危害及其连锁反应过程,对液化石油气罐区的安全防护方式进行了分析,并对各种防护方式的特点进行了比较,提出了液化石油气储罐设计时选择安全防护方法的基本原则.