全同胞家系选择固定家畜多个显性性状的研究

提出了固家家畜多个不相连锁显性性状的“全同胞交配：全同胞家系选择：育种体系，并推导出其育种进度公式。该体系比随机交配下的全同胞家系选择列为有效；当家系较大时，其充种进度与“多元测交”相当，且简单易行，育种成本低，世代间隔缩短。本文最后讨论了该育种体系成家畜育种中的应用。     

商品猪场确定种猪及精液配种价值的生物经济学方法

商品猪场选购种猪或精液时 ,需要考虑其配种的综合效果 ,这些包括配种后母猪受胎率、窝产活仔数及商品猪的日增重、饲料转化率及瘦肉率等。本文通过建立生物经济学模型模拟商品猪群生产过程 ,利用差额法计算这些指标对出栏猪利润的影响 ,确定其边际效益 ,在此基础上提出“相对配种价值”指数的概念 ,用来估计种猪及精液的综合利用价值 ,为商品猪场选择适当的种猪、精液及配种方法提供参考     

Genotyping strategies of selection candidates in livestock breeding programmes

Benefits of genomic selection (GS) in livestock breeding operations are well known particularly where traits are sex‐limited, hard to measure, have a low heritability and/or measured later in life. Sheep and beef breeders have a higher cost:benefit ratio for GS compared to dairy. Therefore, strategies for genotyping selection candidates should be explored to maximize the economic benefit of GS. The aim of the paper was to investigate, via simulation, the additional genetic gain achieved by selecting proportions of male selection candidates to be genotyped via truncation selection. A two‐trait selection index was used that contained an easy and early‐in‐life measurement (such as post‐weaning weight) as well as a hard‐to‐measure trait (such as intra‐muscular fat). We also evaluated the optimal proportion of female selection candidates to be genotyped in breeding programmes using natural mating and/or artificial insemination (NatAI), multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) or juvenile in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (JIVET). The final aim of the project was to investigate the total dollars spent to increase the genetic merit by one genetic standard deviation (SD) using GS and/or reproductive technologies. For NatAI and MOET breeding programmes, females were selected to have progeny by 2 years of age, while 1‐month‐old females were required for JIVET. Genomic testing the top 20% of male selection candidates achieved 80% of the maximum benefit from GS when selection of male candidates prior to genomic testing had an accuracy of 0.36, while 54% needed to be tested to get the same benefit when the prior selection accuracy was 0.11. To achieve 80% of the maximum benefit in female, selection required 66%, 47% and 56% of female selection candidates to be genotyped in NatAI, MOET and JIVET breeding programmes, respectively. While JIVET and MOET breeding programmes achieved the highest annual genetic gain, genotyping male selection candidates provides the most economical way to increase rates of genetic gain facilitated by genomic testing.     

品种、进群和配种季节、首配日龄对后备母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探究品种、进群和配种季节、首配日龄对后备母猪繁殖性能的影响,本研究观察并记录了1 656头后备母猪的繁殖情况,分别按照品种、进群季节、配种季节、首配日龄将其分组,并进行组间统计分析。结果表明：①长白后备母猪的配种利用率（89.73%）极显著（P<0.01）高于大白后备母猪（75.00%）和长大二元杂后备母猪（80.57%）;长大二元杂后备母猪的窝均总仔数（11.36）极显著（P<0.01）高于大白后备母猪（10.35）,显著（P<0.05）高于长白后备母猪（10.74）;②春季和冬季进群的长大二元杂后备母猪配种利用率（100.00%、100.00%）极显著（P<0.01）高于夏季（71.89%）和秋季（51.47%）,同时夏季也极显著（P<0.01）高于秋季;秋季配种的长大二元杂后备母猪受胎分娩率（86.21%）分别显著（P<0.05）和极显著（P<0.01）低于春季（94.07%）和冬季（97.42%）;③长大二元杂后备母猪首配日龄在211~230 d组的窝均活仔数（9.30）显著（P<0.05）低于231~250 d（10.15）和251~270 d（10.36）组,并且极显著（P<0.01）低于271~290 d（10.48）组;211~230 d组的窝均合格仔数（8.96）显著（P<0.05）低于231~250 d（9.82）组,极显著（P<0.01）低于251~270 d（10.04）和271~290 d（10.21）组。综合试验结果,长白后备母猪的配种利用率较好,长大二元杂后备母猪的产仔性能较好。长大二元杂后备母猪在春、冬季节进群时配种利用率较好,在秋季配种时受胎分娩率较差;且其首配日龄在211~230 d时产仔性能较低,在211~290 d时产仔性能较高。     

Stk2, a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase from Setosphaeria turcica,Specifically Complements the Functions of the Fus3 and Kss1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Filamentation,Invasive Growth,and Mating Behavior

Setosphaeria turcica, an essential phytopathogenic fungus, is the primary cause of serious yield losses in corn; however, its pathogenic mechanism is poorly understood. We cloned STK2, a newly discovered mitogen-activated protein kinase gene with a deduced amino acid sequence that is 96% identical to MAK2 from Phaeosphaeria nodorum, 56% identical to KSS1 and 57% identical to FUS3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To deduce Stk2 function in S. turcica and to identify the genetic relationship between STK2 and KSS1/FUS3 from S. cerevisiae, a restructured vector containing the open reading frame of STK2 was transformed into a fus3/kss1 double deletion mutant of S. cerevisiae. The results show that the STK2 complementary strain clearly formed pseudohyphae and ascospores, and the strain grew on the surface of the medium after rinsing with sterile water and the characteristics of the complementary strain was the same as the wild-type strain. Moreover, STK2 complemented the function of KSS1 in filamentation and invasive growth, as well as the mating behavior of FUS3 in S. cerevisiae, however, its exact functions in S. turcica will be studied in the future research.     

黄脊竹蝗防治试验

选用杀虫双水剂、高效氯氟氰菊脂微胶囊、噻虫啉微胶囊、乙酰甲胺磷等4种农药喷雾防治集中交尾、打孔成蝗试验。结果表明：以18％的杀虫双兑水15倍，提前防治成蝗于其选定的集中产卵（地）处的效果最好，其成本最低，毒性最低。进一步大面积应用试验，也证实了这一方法治蝗是简便而有效的。     

酵母双杂交体系的原理及研究进展

阐述酵母双杂交技术能辨别两未知蛋白的相互作用，描述两己知相互作用蛋白的特征，控制蛋白的相互作用。与传统的生化和遗传学方法比较起来有明显的优势，得到愈来愈广泛的应用，并且在此过程中衍生了基于不同适用范围和不同物种的杂交技术。等酵母双杂交的原理及酵母双杂交体系的研究进展。     

我国大功率拖拉机配套农具的现状及发展趋势

针对我国旱作粮食生产成本高、能耗大、土壤压实严重及大功率机具配套不合理且依赖进口等问题,研究开发与大功率拖拉机(59.2～88.9kW/88.9～118.4kW/118.4～148.0 kW)配套的大型系列多功能复式田间作业机械及关键部件,实现了耕整地、播种和中耕管理等环节的复式或联合作业,并根据地域农艺特点优化组合开发了相应的系列产品,为我国现代农业生产提供技术与装备支撑.     

新疆鹰嘴豆壳二孢疫病病菌Ascochyta rabiei交配型、致病力及其对3种杀菌剂的敏感性测定

新疆是我国鹰嘴豆主要生产地,然而随着鹰嘴豆种植面积的扩大,集约化种植模式的发展以及广泛从国内外引种,鹰嘴豆壳二孢疫病(Ascochyta blight)开始发生。由于该病害在新疆发生历史较短,相关的研究还甚少。本研究对新疆鹰嘴豆壳二孢疫病病菌Ascochyta rabiei的交配型、致病力及对3种杀菌剂敏感性进行测定,结果表明,A.rabiei的交配型MAT1-1和MAT1-2在新疆木垒地区的分离频率明显偏离1∶1,以MAT1-2为优势种群,但其致病力与MAT1-1无显著差异,而MAT1-1对30%醚菌酯EC的敏感性显著低于MAT1-2。     

计算机在畜牧遗传学中的应用——同型交配的模拟计算

本文设计计算机程序对同型交配 进行了１００ 多万代 的计算机模 拟运算，发现 杂合降低非 常缓慢；高世代二阶差分接近于 ０ ，说 明了基 因型频 率可用一 次多项 式表示； 低世代的 高阶差 分不为 ０（ 六阶） 。可见基因频率与世代的关系在高世代和低世代有所不同。