我国农机合作社相关政策演变及展望——2004-2014年中央一号文件解读

农机合作社在我国农业现代化进程中发挥着越来越重要的作用,同时也离不开政策的引导。分析政策演变对了解农机合作社的发展历程、方向及政策走向有着重要的作用,也有利于政策完善。学界对此的研究很少。为此,通过梳理2004-2014年中央一号文件关于农机合作社的相关政策,分析政策内容和演变特点,并提出政策展望。研究发现:11年来关于农机化、农民合作社的政策越来越多,而针对农机合作社的政策还较少;农机具补贴是常年政策,且其他农机化政策内容越加丰富和创新;规范和扶持农民合作社发展的政策越来越多,且支持多种经营。未来针对农机合作社的政策将会增加,且具有可操作性。     

林口林区山杏资源现状及发展对策

本文从林口林区山杏资源分布现状特点 ,阐述了本地区山杏发展对策 ,提出了在保护好现有资源的前提下 ,利用这一资源优势 ,大面积推广山杏经营技术 ,促进山杏产业化体系进一步发展和完善 ,成为林口林区新的经济增长点。     

陕西省退耕还林工程实施情况调研报告

2005年是退耕还林工程跟踪监测的第3年。在2004年度监测资料已收集整理完毕的情况下,为了把握工程实施的真实情况,文章选择陕西省的宁陕和蓝田县进行了深入细致的调查研究。结果表明:干部群众举双手赞成退耕还林政策,工程进展顺利,有关政策落实基本到位,农民生计的依赖性多样化发展,退耕的后续政策是农民普遍关注的问题。与此同时,文章指出了县级调查表填写过程中存在的问题,剖析了退耕还林工程实施中所暴露的深层次问题。提出宁陕县退耕地区8年之内还林时间太短,应延长补助期限;建议国家单独设立鼠兔防治经费;在预算中必须单列管理经费以保证后续管理工作的正常开展等建议。     

基于Oracle数据库系统的优化与性能调整研究

指出了Oracle数据库性能直接影响到Oracle数据库应用系统的运行效率,分析了Oracle数据库性能优化的目标及影响Oracle数据库系统性能的因素,探讨了数据库的优化、内存优化、I／O优化和SQL语句优化技术,实验表明：经过优化后,Oracle数据库性能得到了改善和提高。     

我国生态监测发展现状与展望

生态监测是掌握生态系统现状与发展趋势的有效、科学的手段,是维护国家或区域生态安全的重要环节,也是实施生态环境保护、建设与管理的重要科学依据。本文解释了生态监测的科学内涵,对我国生态监测发展现状进行了分析,并对生态监测主要方法、指标体系及确定原则进行了讨论,提出了以宏观监测和微观监测相结合,明确优先监测指标体系,并以林业为主导,树立综合生态监测理念,以提高监测的科学性、有效性和社会效益,为建设生态文明保驾护航。     

绿色消费政策手段的中外对比研究

研究了国外促进绿色消费的政策和做法,尤其重点关注了政策手段的运用,如政府绿色采购、经济手段、信息手段等。在此基础上,对比中国促进绿色消费政策和采取的行动,查找出不足,进而得出中国在绿色消费政策制定方面的启示。     

Farmer’s views and values to focus on cattle conservation policies: the case of eight European countries

Our aim was to identify elements useful in designing policies and programmes for conservation of farm animal genetic resources, taking as case study a group of European local cattle breeds. We first investigated the implications of differences among countries in the policies and programmes to be developed. Secondly, we analysed key elements common to countries, which may affect local breed viability. We used the herd size trend expected by the farmer in the near future as an indicator of breed viability. Fifteen breeds, for a total of 355 farms, were surveyed. To take into account the multiple factors influencing breeds’ demographic trends, the questionnaire included economical, technical and social aspects. Among the major differences across countries was the perception of the farmer on the value attributed to the local breed by society. Concerning the elements common to countries and their association to breed viability, the greater the collaboration among farmers and the stakeholders’ appreciation as perceived by the farmer, the greater the viability of the farm. An opposite trend was observed for the age of the farmer. Older farmers generally planned to soon cease farming or decrease herd size, whereas young farmers planned to increase the size of their herds. Implications of including these elements in conservation polices are discussed.     

Intact brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) in diets of weaned piglets: effects on performance, gut bacteria and morphology and plasma oxidative status

The aim was to assess the effects of intact dried Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed on piglet performances, gut bacteria and function and plasma oxidative status. A total of 160 weaned piglets (21 days, 6.59 ± 0.91 kg) were allocated to four dietary treatments with eight pen replicates of five animals each for 28 days: a control diet; based on cereals, soybean meal and milk products, and three basal diets supplemented with either 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 g dried seaweed per kg. At day 12/13 one piglet from each pen was sacrificed. Plasma samples were taken to determine parameters of oxidative status. Digesta were sampled for microbiological plate countings onto selective media and molecular analysis using PCR‐DGGE. Small intestinal tissue was taken for morphological and electro‐physiological determinations. Data were analysed by a linear model with treatment as fixed effect. A. nodosum supplementation had no effect on daily weight gain, nor did it alter feed conversion ratio. Plate countings failed to reveal differences among treatments. Dendograms prepared using PCR‐DGGE banding patterns did not indicate clustering of microbial profiles based on diet supplement. Plasma oxidative status and outcome of morphology and of electro‐physiological measurements from gut tissues were similar for all treatments. Thus, the addition of A. nodosum seaweed to well digestible diets did not enhance performances of piglets nor some gut health parameters and plasma oxidative status.     

景宁望东垟高山湿地自然保护区大型真菌资源调查与分析

2015、2016、2019年每年的7—9月,对景宁望东垟高山湿地自然保护区(以下简称望东垟自然保护区)的大型真菌资源进行调查和采集,共采集到435份大型真菌样本,对其形态学和资源利用价值进行分析研究.结果表明,望东垟自然保护区共有大型真菌110种,隶属于2门4纲12目39科68属,其中南方喙囊乳菇Lactarius ...     

Multiple-species conservation planning for European wetlands with different degrees of coordination

Selection and establishment of reserves was often done unplanned and uncoordinated between regions. Systematic conservation planning provides tools to identify optimally located priority areas for conservation. Planning for multiple species promises adequate provision for the needs of a range of threatened species simultaneously. Several studies apply the set-covering problem by minimizing resources for given conservation targets of multiple species. We extend this method by also considering different degrees of coordination in multiple-species conservation planning and representing reserve sizes endogenously. A deterministic, spatially explicit programming model solved with mixed integer programming is used to represent minimum habitat area thresholds for all included biodiversity features. The empirical model application to European wetland species addresses five different scenarios of coordination in conservation planning, including taxonomic, political, and biogeographical coordination of planning. Our approach illustrates and quantifies the efficiency of multi-species conservation activities. We show that maximum coordination in conservation planning enhances area efficiency by 30% compared to no coordination. Furthermore, strong coordination in conservation planning does not only reduce the area requirement, but synergy effects even enable the conservation features to achieve higher conservation objectives. Spatial subdivision of planning, however, leads to highest area requirements and less conservation target achievement.