家兔HSL基因多态性及其与生产性状关联性分析

本实验采用PCR-SSCP方法对齐卡巨型白兔和齐兴肉兔HSL基因外显子1的遗传多态性进行研究,并进一步分析HSL基因对生产性状的遗传效应。结果表明:HSL基因外显子1第784位处发生了碱基突变(A→C),共出现AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,在2个品种兔群体中AA型均为优势基因型,A均为优势等位基因;卡方适合性检验表明,2个品种兔群体均显著偏离哈代-温伯格平衡(P0.05);在齐卡巨型白兔中,HSL基因AA型和AB型个体的宰前活体重均显著高于BB型个体(P0.05),AA、BB型个体的全净膛屠宰率和半净膛屠宰率均显著低于AB型个体(P0.05);在齐兴肉兔中,HSL基因AA型个体的宰前活体重显著高于AB、BB型个体(P0.05),BB型个体的全净膛屠宰率和半净膛屠宰率均显著低于AA、AB型个体(P0.05);在2个品种兔群体中,不同基因型个体的滴水损失和剪切力差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

中药复方对保育阶段仔猪血清中胆固醇与脂蛋白的影响

[目的]在基础日粮的水平上添加中药复方,纯中药全程饲喂,对保育阶段仔猪血清中胆固醇和脂蛋白含量进行测定,为该中药复方对保育阶段仔猪增强机体抵抗力,降低抗生素在畜牧业的应用,形成质量可靠的“无抗”猪肉提供帮助。[方法]试验选用80头（28±2）日龄、体重相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理2个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2、3、4组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加1.5%、1.0%和0.5%的中药复方,试验期4周。试验结束第2天上午9：00空腹,前腔静脉采血,进行全血血常规指标测定。[结果]与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中脂蛋白脂肪酶含量均有升高,其中,添加0.5%中药复方组与对照组相比差异显著（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中高密度脂蛋白含量均有升高,其含量随中药复方添加量的减少而逐渐降低,各中药复方添加组与对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中低密度脂蛋白含量均有所下降,其含量随中药复方添加量的减少而逐渐降低,其中,添加0.5%中药复方组与对照组相比差异极显著（P<0.01）;与对照组相比,饲料中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中三酰甘油含量均有下降,其含量随中药复方添加量的减少而逐渐降低,各中药复方添加组与对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）。[结论]在基础日粮中添加中药复方组保育仔猪血清中脂蛋白脂肪酶含量、高密度脂蛋白含量均有升高;保育仔猪血清中低密度脂蛋白含量、三酰甘油含量均有降低。     

成都麻羊乳上皮黏蛋白MUC1的遗传多态性研究

采用SDS-PAGE研究成都麻羊乳上皮黏蛋白MUC1的遗传多态性,并以金堂黑山羊、乐至黑山羊、自贡黑山羊、藏山羊作对照进行比较分析。结果表明:成都麻羊与对照山羊乳MUC1的多态性丰富,成都麻羊有7种基因型、5个等位基因优势基因为C、D、E,金堂黑山羊7种基因型、6个等位基因优势基因为B、C、D,乐至黑山羊6种基因型、6个等位基因优势基因为B、C、D,自贡黑山羊5种基因型、5个等位基因优势基因为A、C、D,藏山羊3种基因型、3个等位基因优势基因为C、D。乳MUC1的基因型、等位基因的分布品种间有差异;根据乳MUC1等位基因频率对供试山羊品种进行聚类分析,成都麻羊与金堂黑山羊的遗传距离最小(D=0.2507)先聚为一类,再依次与乐至黑山羊(D=0.2831)、自贡黑山羊(D=0.3721)、藏山羊(D=0.4752)聚为一大类,结果较好的反映了成都麻羊与对照山羊品种间的亲缘关系。     

Effect of dietary fish meal and fish oil replacement on lipogenic and lipoprotein lipase activities and plasma insulin in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

The effects of a double replacement of fish oil (FO) and fish meal (FM) by dietary vegetable ingredients in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L. 1758) on some indices of lipid metabolism and plasma insulin levels were analysed. Four experimental diets with a replacement of 75% of FM by plant proteins (PP) were administered. Added oil was either FO (75PP/FO diet), or a vegetable oil mix (VO), replacing 33%, 66% or 100% of FO (75PP/33VO, 75PP/66VO, 75PP/100VO diets). Another diet with 50% of substitution of FM by PP and with 100% of VO was also tested (50PP/100VO diet). Final body weight was similar in all diet groups, except for the 75PP/100VO group, which presented lower values. Circulating insulin levels increased with feed administration in all groups and no differences between diets were observed, with the exception of the 75PP/FO group, which presented higher plasma insulin values. In adipose tissue, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activities decreased with the inclusion of vegetable oil, especially 5 h after feeding. Diet had no significant effect on the hepatic activity of either enzyme. Lipoprotein lipase activity decreased in white muscle and adipose tissue with the replacement of fish oil in 75PP diets, 5 h after feeding. In conclusion, the use of a combined replacement of fish oil and fish meal by vegetable ingredients in gilthead sea bream permits satisfactory growth, with moderate changes in tissue lipogenesis and lipid uptake.     

无乳链球菌LIP蛋白的截短表达及免疫保护性研究

为评价罗非鱼源无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)BX2012株脂蛋白(lipoprotein)的免疫原性及其对奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)和大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的保护效果,以无乳链球菌脂蛋白基因序列(GenBank序列号:CP000114.1,SAK_0321)的B细胞线性抗原表位区设计特异性引物进行扩增,构建重组表达载体,将截短表达的脂蛋白制备成亚单位疫苗,同时制备灭活疫苗进行免疫比对。结果显示:重组表达载体p ET-32a-LIP342在BL21(DE3)中获得了良好的可溶性表达,分子质量约为30 kDa,纯化使LIP342纯度由41.75%提至87.23%;Western blotting分析显示,LIP342可被兔抗无乳链球菌高免血清特异性识别;LIP342在目前已知不同种属来源或不同血清型的无乳链球菌分离株中同源性为90.35%~100%,在罗非鱼源分离株中同源性为100%;无乳链球菌LIP342蛋白和灭活疫苗均可显著提升奥利亚罗非鱼和大菱鲆血清抗体水平,而LIP342诱导的血清抗体水平均显著高于灭活疫苗;经0.1 mL 1×10~9cfu/mL的无乳链球菌攻毒后,LIP342蛋白和灭活疫苗对供试鱼的累积存活率均显著高于PBS对照组。结果表明,高度保守的LIP342具有较好的免疫原性,可作为无乳链球菌亚单位疫苗候选因子。     

Effect of water temperature on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Günther)

The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of water temperature on the growth performance and digestive enzyme (pepsin, trypsin and lipase) activities of Chinese longsnout catfish. Triplicate groups of Chinese longsnout catfish (35.6±0.48 g, mean±SE) were reared at different water temperatures (20, 24, 28 and 32 °C). The feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly affected by water temperatures and regression relationships between water temperature and FI, SGR as well as FER were expressed as FR=−0.016 T ²+0.91 T −10.88 ( n =12, R ²=0.8752), SGR=−0.026 T ²+1.39 T −17.29 ( n =12, R ²=0.7599) and FER=−0.013 T ²+0.70 T −8.43 ( n =12, R ²=0.7272). Based on these, the optimum temperatures for FR, SGR and FER were 27.66, 26.69 and 26.44 °C respectively. The specific activities of digestive enzymes at 24 or 28 °C were significantly higher than that at 20 or 32 °C. In addition, there was a significant linear regression between FR or SGR and specific activities of pepsin and lipase, which indicated that pepsin and lipase played important roles in regulating growth through nutrient digestion in Chinese longsnout catfish.     

不同生长阶段兰州鲇消化酶活性的比较研究

测定了不同生长阶段兰州鲇(Silurus lanzhotaensis)胃、肝胰脏、前肠、中肠、后肠的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性.结果表明,兰州鲇蛋白酶活性大小为:前肠>中肠>后肠>肝胰脏>胃,阶段1[体重(51.9±6.0)g]>阶段2[体重(228.6±16.6)g]>阶段3[体重(448.9±26.5)g],且差异显著;淀粉酶活性:肝胰脏>胃>前肠>中肠>后肠,阶段1>阶段2>阶段3,差算显著;脂肪酶活性大小为:后肠>中肠>前肠>肝胰脏>胃,但各阶段差异不显著.随着年龄的增长,兰州鲇对蛋白质和碳水化合物的消化能力逐渐减弱.     

草鱼LPL基因的表达及饥饿和再投喂对其影响

获得了草鱼脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase, LPL)部分cDNA序列（GenBank注册号为FJ612596）,并进行了序列同源性分析;采用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应（SQ-RT-PCR）方法,检测了LPL基因在草鱼不同组织和不同发育阶段脂肪细胞中的表达状况;研究了饥饿和再投喂对草鱼肝胰脏LPL基因表达的影响。结果显示,所获得的草鱼LPL部分cDNA序列长度为360 bp,与其它物种的同源性为70%~89%; LPL基因在肝胰脏、肌肉、心脏、鳃、腹腔脂肪组织中均表达,其中在腹腔脂肪组织中表达丰度最高,在鳃中表达丰度最低;在成熟脂肪细胞中的表达丰度显著高于基质脉管组分（stromal vascular fraction,SVF）细胞;草鱼LPL基因表达水平在饥饿48 h后显著升高,再次投喂后12 h,回复到0 h的表达水平。研究表明,草鱼LPL在不同组织及脂肪细胞分化的起始和终末阶段均有表达,显示其在草鱼不同组织和脂肪细胞分化中具有重要作用,同时,其表达水平受营养状况的调控。论文首次克隆得到草鱼LPL基因部分cDNA序列,并对其进行了表达分析,研究结果可为LPL在鱼类脂质代谢中的作用研究提供参考和依据。