Construction and evaluation of introgression lines and fine mapping of ehd8 from Jinghong common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)

Heading date is one of the most important traits in rice and regulated by multiple genes. Common wild rice is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice and harbours abundant genetic diversity. To use wild rice resource in rice breeding, a set of 154 introgression lines (ILs) covering 93% of the genome of Jinghong common wild rice was constructed in the background 'Teqing', using 208 simple sequence repeat markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Among the ILs, the line JIL64 displayed late heading independent of photoperiod. Genetic analysis using the two F₂ populations crossed ''Teqing'/JIL64 and JIL64/'Teqing' revealed that late flowering was controlled by a recessive gene on chromosome 8 (designated early heading date 8, ehd8), and ehd8 was fine mapped to the 50‐kb region flanked by markers RM22221 and 64Indel4. Sequencing and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01410 and LOC_Os08g01420 were deleted in JIL64 and may be associated with the late heading of Jinghong common wild rice. These findings lay a practical foundation for characterizing ehd8, and the ILs help to mine genes from Jinghong common wild rice.     

油-棉连作棉田油菜秸秆覆盖对棉田杂草发生及土壤杂草种子库的动态影响

在安徽省沿江棉区开展了油菜秸秆覆盖对棉田杂草发生、棉花生长及土壤杂草种子库影响的研究。结果表明,随着油菜秸秆覆盖量的增加,对棉田杂草的抑制效果增强。与未覆盖秸秆且不除草处理相比较,7000Kg/hm²秸秆覆盖量处理棉花单株铃数和子棉产量显著提高。7000Kg/hm²秸秆覆盖量处理在覆盖后30d、60d和120d逐步减少0-20cm土层杂草种子库密度,与全程除草剂处理较一致；随着覆盖量减少,对0-20cm土层杂草种子库密度降低幅度减小。全程除草剂处理降低0-5cm土层杂草种子库多样性,而油菜秸秆覆盖则可能增加0-5cm土层的杂草种子库多样性。3500Kg/hm²覆盖量+秸秆覆盖30d后喷施除草剂处理的抑草效果和增产效果与全程除草剂处理一致。因此,在安徽省沿江棉区油-棉连作棉田推荐使用3500Kg/hm²油菜秸秆覆盖量+秸秆覆盖30d后喷施除草剂。     

水稻病虫害统防统治工作的成效与思考——来自浙江省磐安县的实践

病虫害统防统治在保障国家粮食安全和促进农民增收增效方面取得了显著成效。磐安县位于浙江省中部山区,生态环境复杂,水稻病虫害种类、种群及发生规律复杂,病虫防治压力大。本文通过2008-2016年磐安县统防统治的探索,对磐安县水稻病虫害统防统治工作的成效及存在问题进行了分析,并提出推进统防统治的对策与建议。     

水稻苗期根系铵钾离子吸收的交互作用研究

【目的】为探讨水稻幼苗根系NH_4~+、K~+吸收的交互作用,深化水稻养分吸收理论,【方法】采用溶液培养的方法,对低钾及高钾浓度下水稻在有铵和无铵时的K~+吸收动力学特征进行了研究,对不同钾浓度下水稻根系NH_4~+的吸收速率进行了比较。【结果】1)当K~+0.2 mmol/L时,水稻根系通过高亲和转运系统吸收K~+服从Michaelich-Menten动力学方程;NH_4~+的存在显著降低K~+的最大吸收速率(Vmax),且降幅随着NH_4~+浓度的增加而增大;NH_4~+对水稻根表载体与K~+的亲和力(Km)影响较小,在1.62 mmol/L NH_4~+浓度下,水稻品种齐粒丝苗和沪科3号的Km分别下降了12.33%和16.46%,远低于Vmax 47.30%和39.21%的降幅。2)当K~+0.5 mmol/L时,水稻根系K~+低亲和转运系统发挥作用,K~+吸收速率随浓度的增加而不断增加,呈不饱和特征;但在相同K~+浓度下,水稻根系的K~+吸收速率随NH_4~+浓度的增加而下降。3)水稻根系对NH_4~+的吸收速率随着NH_4~+浓度的增加而增加;在相同NH_4~+浓度下,水稻根系对NH_4~+的吸收速率受K~+浓度的影响很小。【结论】NH_4~+抑制水稻苗期根系K~+的高亲和转运和低亲和转运,NH_4~+对K~+高亲和吸收的影响主要是由于铵竞争细胞膜上的钾载体所致;外界K~+浓度的变化对水稻幼苗的NH_4~+吸收速率影响很小。水稻铵钾的交互作用主要表现在NH_4~+对K~+吸收的抑制作用。     

直播稻田无人机全程防治病虫草害初探

针对不同设备设计不同喷液量,飞行参数验证防治效果,从而验证无人机在稻田全程应用的可能性,旨在探索2种小型多旋翼植保无人机低空喷洒在整个水稻生长时期病虫草害防治过程中的防效。结果表明:当喷洒水田封闭式除草剂的喷洒量为10650、15000 mL/hm²,其对杂草的株防效与鲜重防效与人工电动喷雾相近。在病虫害的防治试验中,使用推荐用量且喷洒量为10650、15000 mL/hm²时,以及使用70%推荐用量（减量30%）且喷洒量为15000 mL/hm²时,防治效果均与人工电动喷雾器无显著差异。通过验证,选择合适的药剂,配合科学的喷洒参数,可在保证药效的前提下减少农药使用量。多旋翼植保无人机在水稻田有进行大面积全程飞防植保应用有广阔的前景。     

杂交旱稻丰产节水栽培关键技术研究与集成应用

针对安徽沿淮地区气候特点,通过试验筛选出适宜沿淮地区旱种旱管栽培,丰产性和稳产性较好的旱稻品种5个,节水耐旱型水稻品种7个;明确了沿淮地区以旱优73为代表的杂交旱稻的丰产节水栽培技术:播种期6月5-12日,播种量2.0 kg/667 m~2左右,氮肥用量10~14 kg/667 m~2;在施肥过程中适当降低基蘖肥用量、增施穗粒肥,基、蘖、穗肥比例以4∶4∶2较好。     

红叶山茶(Camellia japonica)叶片色素含量与叶色参数的相关性分析

以3个红叶山茶品种‘红叶黑魔法’、‘黑魔法’和‘黑蛋石’为试验材料,分别测定叶片不同发育阶段叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总花青苷含量及叶色参数L~*、a~*、b~*值,并通过相关性分析探讨叶色参数与叶片色素含量变化之间的关系。结果表明,首先,3个不同发育阶段叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量呈上升趋势,不同品种同一发育阶段的色素含量相近。‘红叶黑魔法’和‘黑蛋石’叶片总花青苷含量在新叶展开10 d左右达到最大值,此后极显著下降,而‘黑魔法’叶片的花青苷含量则变化不大。其次,从色素比值来看,在新叶展开10 d时,花青苷的所占比值最大,‘红叶黑魔法’和‘黑蛋石’的花青苷比值分别达到87.88%和79.08%,极显著地高于叶绿素所占比值。到50 d时,花青苷比值下降至31.74%和23.68%,且3个品种花青苷含量相近,而叶绿素和类胡萝卜素比例则显著增加,这一结果较好地解释了这3个品种叶片的呈色变化,说明花青苷含量及其各种色素含量的比例变化是导致红叶山茶叶色变化的主要原因。最后,3个品种的a*值均与花青苷含量呈显著正相关,而与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素呈负相关,a~*值可作为描述红叶山茶品种叶色变化的代表性参数。     

结缕草研究进展

综述了国内外关于结缕草的研究进展,并提出今后我国结缕草的研究方向应该以育种和结缕草的繁殖机制为主。     

Impact of postovulatory food deprivation on the ova transport, hormonal profiles and metabolic changes in sows.

The effect of food deprivation on ova transport, hormonal profiles and metabolic changes was studied in 20 crossbred multiparous sows during their second oestrus after weaning. To determine the time of ovulation, transrectal ultrasonographic examination was performed. The sows were divided into 2 groups, one control group (C-group), which was fed according to Swedish standards, and one experimental group (E-group). The E-group sows were deprived of food from the first morning meal after ovulation until slaughter. Blood samples were collected every second hour from about 12 h before expected ovulation in the second oestrus after weaning until slaughter and were analysed for progesterone, prostaglandin F2 alpha-metabolite, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids and triglycerides. All sows were slaughtered approximately 48 h after ovulation and the genital tract was recovered. The isthmic part of the oviduct was divided into 3 equally long segments and flushed separately with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Uterine horns were also flushed with PBS. A significantly greater number of ova were found in the first and second part of the isthmus in the E-group (p = 0.05) while in the C-group most of the ova were found in the third part of the isthmus or the uterus (p = 0.01). The level of prostaglandin F2 alpha-metabolite was significantly higher in the E-group compared with the C-group. The concentration of progesterone increased in both groups after ovulation but there were no significant differences between the groups. The other blood parameters showed that the food-deprived sows were in a catabolic state. The 48 h period of fasting results, directly or indirectly in an delayed ova transport, which may be due to a delayed relaxation in the smooth circular muscle layer of the isthmus.     

兵团农机产业化的若干思考

农机产业化是社会分工细化、生产专业化深化的必然产物，其实质是传统农业转变为现代产业的过程。日前，兵团农机产业化进程中存在着一些问题。为此，结合兵团实际，提出了推进农机产业化发展的基本思路。