红叶山茶(Camellia japonica)叶片色素含量与叶色参数的相关性分析

以3个红叶山茶品种‘红叶黑魔法’、‘黑魔法’和‘黑蛋石’为试验材料,分别测定叶片不同发育阶段叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总花青苷含量及叶色参数L~*、a~*、b~*值,并通过相关性分析探讨叶色参数与叶片色素含量变化之间的关系。结果表明,首先,3个不同发育阶段叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量呈上升趋势,不同品种同一发育阶段的色素含量相近。‘红叶黑魔法’和‘黑蛋石’叶片总花青苷含量在新叶展开10 d左右达到最大值,此后极显著下降,而‘黑魔法’叶片的花青苷含量则变化不大。其次,从色素比值来看,在新叶展开10 d时,花青苷的所占比值最大,‘红叶黑魔法’和‘黑蛋石’的花青苷比值分别达到87.88%和79.08%,极显著地高于叶绿素所占比值。到50 d时,花青苷比值下降至31.74%和23.68%,且3个品种花青苷含量相近,而叶绿素和类胡萝卜素比例则显著增加,这一结果较好地解释了这3个品种叶片的呈色变化,说明花青苷含量及其各种色素含量的比例变化是导致红叶山茶叶色变化的主要原因。最后,3个品种的a*值均与花青苷含量呈显著正相关,而与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素呈负相关,a~*值可作为描述红叶山茶品种叶色变化的代表性参数。

Correlation Analysis on Pigment Content and Leaf Color Parameters of Camellia japonica Cultivars

With 3 red leaf Camellia japonica cultivars ’Red Leaved Black Magic’, ’Black Magic’ and ’Black Opal’ as materials, the pigment contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, total anthocyanin, other pigments and the values of L~*,a~* and b~* of leaf color parameters at 3 development stages of leaves were determined. The relationship between leaf color parameters and pigment contents was analyzed. The results showed that: First, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents in leaves of 3 stages showed a significant upward trend. The pigment contents of different varieties at the same stage were similar. The total anthocyanin content in ’Red Leaved Black Magic’ and ’Black Opal’ reached its maximum about 10 d, and then decreased significantly, while ’Black Magic’changed little. Second, total anthocyanins accounted for the largest proportion at 10 d after the expansion of new leaves. The anthocyanin ratios of ’Red Leaved Black Magic’ and ’Black Opal’ rea ched 87.88% and 79.08%,respectively, which were significantly higher than the ratio of chlorophyll content. At 50 d, the anthocyanin ratio decreased to 31.74% and 23.68%, and the content of anthocyanin in the 3 varieties was similar, while the proportion of chlorophyll and carotenoid was increased, which better explained the color change of the leaves. The results showed that the content of anthocyanin and the proportion of various pigments were the main reason for the leaf-color change of Camellia cultivars. Last, the a~* values of the 3 varieties were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin content, while negatively correlated with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids. The value of a* can be used as a representative parameter to describe the leaf color change of red leaf Camellia species.