Effects of in ovo feeding of L‐arginine on the development of digestive organs,intestinal function and post‐hatch performance of broiler embryos and hatchlings

This study was to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) L‐arginine (Arg) solution on the development of digestive organs, the duodenal mucosa of broiler embryos and hatchlings, and the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weight were randomly allocated to three groups, consisting of eight replicates of 30 eggs each. Three treatments were arranged as non‐injected control, diluent‐injected (0.75% NaCl solution) group and Arg solution‐injected group containing 1% Arg, dissolved in diluent. At 17.5 days of incubation, 0.6 ml of IOF solution was injected into amniotic fluid of each egg of injected groups. Results showed IOF of Arg solution increased (p < .05) the chick embryo weight at 19 days of incubation; the body weight gain of post‐hatch broilers during 1–7 days; the weights of liver, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard; the concentrations of duodenal ghrelin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and glucagon‐like peptide 2; and the duodenum mucosal enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, maltase, sucrase and inducible nitric oxide synthase of 7‐day‐old post‐hatch broilers compared with other groups. The IOF of Arg solution also increased (p < .05) the villus height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) and decreased (p < .05) the CD in duodenum of broiler embryos and post‐hatch hatchlings, except for the CD at 19 days of incubation. In conclusion, IOF of 1% Arg solution into the amnion at 17.5 days of incubation could improve the development of digestive organs, the duodenal morphology, the releasing of gastrointestinal hormones and mucosal enzyme activities of broiler embryos and hatchlings and finally the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. Therefore, IOF of appropriate Arg solution could be an effective technology for regulating early nutrition supply and subsequent growth development in poultry industry.     

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of granulosa cells during different stages of folliculogenesis in bovine ovaries

Bovine granulosa cells (GC) vary in their morphological aspect during different stages of folliculogenesis. In this study, 10 morphologically normal bovine ovaries were collected to study the structural aspects of different stages of GC using intermediate filament protein antibodies including cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (AE1/AE3), vimentin, nectin‐4 and desmin. Hormonal immunolocalization was assessed using the immunomarkers anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin alpha. In addition, tumour markers and proliferation markers using c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, respectively, were investigated. The immunolabelling of AE1/AE3 in GC was strongest in the early follicle stage and gradually decreased when reaching the Graafian follicle stage. Its immunolabelling increased again as the stage progressed from stage I to stage III. The immunolabelling of inhibin alpha was inversely proportional to that of AE1/AE3 in the developing ovarian follicles as their immunolabelling is opposite to each other during folliculogenesis. AMH was immunopositive in almost all GC stages in different intensities and percentages, except for some negative staining in the atretic IV follicles. The atretic IV follicle is a unique type of atretic follicle that shows Call‐Exner body formation, which was mainly found in older cows in this study. The distinct patterns of immunoreactivity for various types of immunomarkers in the different GC stages will play an important role in diagnostic assistance of various follicle conditions, including cystic ovaries and GC tumours.     

椰子组培研究四十年

组织培养对于椰子快速繁殖以及全球椰子产业发展具有重要意义。本文就40年来国内外在椰子组培快繁技术,包括椰子组培技术的重要性,不同外植体如胚芽、花序、子房等在组织培养中的应用与优劣,不同培养基和培育环境对组培效果的影响等要素,进行了详细的总结和讨论。同时总结了椰子组培快繁技术的进展,分析了目前限制椰子组培快繁技术发展的因素,提出了应对策略与具体建议。本文对椰子快繁技术及椰子种质资源保存具有参考价值。     

罹患口腔炎乌苏里蝮的相关生理学指标分析

口腔炎是人工养殖蛇类的常见病之一,为了深入了解和尽早做好预防工作,对罹患口腔炎的成年雄蛇乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussuriensis)进行解剖观察,并检测了相关器官的系数、血液学指标和激素等。结果表明:整体肥满度、躯体肥满度、肾系数等数值罹患口腔炎蛇略高于健康蛇;而肝系数、精巢系数和脂肪体系数等罹患口腔炎的蛇低于健康雄蛇,且前两者呈显著性差异,后者呈极显著性差异。性激素检测结果显示罹患口腔炎的蛇血液睾酮和雌二醇含量均低于健康蛇,且均具极显著性差异。血细胞指标中,红细胞数量、红细胞分布均差、白细胞总数、淋巴细胞数量和淋巴细胞比率等均为罹患口腔炎的蛇高于健康雄蛇,且具显著性差异,但嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)、中性粒细胞数量和比率、中间细胞数量及其比率均为患口腔炎的雄蛇低于健康蛇,且具显著性差异。结论:口腔炎不仅影响了主要代谢器官的器官系数的变化,而且血液多项指标和性激素水平也有明显差异。性激素含量的变化将对乌苏里蝮的正常生殖繁育产生不可忽视的影响。另外,NLR和红细胞分布宽度2个血常规指标可作为早期诊断炎症发生的首选参数。     

肉苁蓉提取物对雄性小鼠性激素分泌的影响

肉苁蓉化学成分复杂,有多种活性作用。本试验利用超声波协助提取、酸提取、醇提取方法提取肉苁蓉生物碱,分别对小鼠进行灌胃给药,观察肉苁蓉提取物对小鼠性激素分泌的影响。结果显示,乙醇提取方法得率最高,肉苁蓉提取物能显著提高小鼠雄激素含量（P〈0.05）。     

激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞乳脂肪合成的调控作用

乳脂肪是高质量的天然脂肪，其可为人类提供营养和能量，在各种膳食脂肪和油类中，是最容易被消化吸收的。乳脂肪是在乳腺中由从头合成或外源摄取的脂肪酸与甘油酯化形成的一种脂类物质，其含量的高低关系着牛奶品质的优劣和乳制品的加工特性。在奶牛的泌乳周期中，乳腺泌乳功能受多种因素影响，其中内分泌腺分泌的多种激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（BMECs）乳脂的合成具有积极的调控作用。综上所述，作者介绍了氢化可的松、催乳素、胰岛素和生长激素4种泌乳相关激素对BMECs乳脂肪合成的调控机理，即从乳脂合成适宜的激素添加量、激素对乳脂球形态的影响方面初步阐释其调控作用，并从乳脂合成的关键酶及转录因子、激素对乳脂合成相关基因表达量方面深入阐释其作用机理，旨在为研究泌乳相关激素对奶牛乳腺内乳脂肪合成的调控机理提供参考。     

甲状腺素对猪小肠上皮细胞miR-let-7a基因表达及细胞增殖的影响

miR-let-7a在动物细胞的分化、增殖与凋亡等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。甲状腺激素(TH)作用非常广泛,机体的每个细胞几乎都是TH作用的靶细胞,其可以促进组织分化、生长和成熟。本实验用甲状腺素(T4)浓度分别为(0、0.02、0.03、0.05、0.075、0.1、0.2μmol/L)在体外培养猪的小肠上皮细胞。结果表明:T4处理组的细胞体积形态相对于空白对照组没有明显变化;当T4添加浓度为0.03μmol/L时,细胞的增殖率显著低于其他组(P0.05);当T4浓度为0~0.03μmol/L时,let-7a的表达随着添加剂量的增加而升高,浓度从0.03~0.2μmol/L变化时,let-7a的表达呈现降低趋势,浓度为0.03μmol/L时表达量极显著高于其他组(P0.01)。let-7a的表达量与细胞增殖呈负相关。     

龙眼DCL4的亚细胞定位分析及其对外源ABA和SA的响应

为了研究DlDCL家族中DlDCL4基因在龙眼中的功能,本研究通过氨基酸序列比对、系统发育进化树的构建、亚细胞定位验证、实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）等方法,对其进行初步探究。结果表明：遗传进化分析显示,DCL4氨基酸序列在所选的物种间相似度高于50%,其中龙眼与甜橙（Citrus sinensis）的亲缘关系最近。在激光共聚焦显微镜观察下,洋葱细胞核发出绿色荧光,其他部位不发出荧光,表明龙眼DCL4蛋白定位于细胞核中。在24 h内,100 μmol/L的外源脱落酸（ABA）对 DlDCL4都有极显著的下调效果;100 μmol/L的水杨酸（SA）对其表达量有显著的上调效果,其中8 h时表达量最大,提示 DlDCL4对不同激素的响应效果不同且不同处理时长下响应效果也会有影响。     

Establishment and Optimization of INH Epitope Peptide Vaccine for Detection of Antibody

In this study, an indirect ELISA method was established to detect inhibin hormone (INH) epitope peptide vaccine antibody, it would provide oretical reference for the determination of Fine-wool sheep after active immune body INH epitope peptide vaccine antibody. On the basis of the predecessors, using indirect ELISA method to determinate serum INH epitope peptide antibody levels of sheep, and through control different experimental conditions to look for the best experimental conditions. Through explorating the experimental conditions, finally, the testing experiment conditions were determined, which was blocked solution with skimmed milk powder, INH and GnIH synthetic peptides dilution degrees for 20 000 times, the optimum reaction time was 60 min, the best color action time was 15 min. In this experiment, a kind of method to detection antibody in the body after INH active immune sheep was built, it would provide a reference for future research.