乌苏里蝮多器官罹患软骨肉瘤的形态观察

乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussuriensis)是中国东北地区常见的毒蛇,由于其蛇毒有效成分的医疗价值,我国南北方蛇类养殖场均有不同大小的养殖种群。但人工养殖条件下,乌苏里蝮的成活率并不理想。为了探究患病的原因,研究室与沈阳一养殖场合作,对生理状态不佳的部分乌苏里蝮进行了剖检观察。2017年1月份,编号为F20170101的成年雄蛇,被检查出多发性肿瘤,在食道、心脏、肝脏和肾脏均有不同大小的肿块。组织切片观察显示,肿瘤均由软骨组织构成,其间有不规则的钙化,个别有"癌穴"的出现。肿块被鉴定为骨外软骨肉瘤,但未确定原发部位。此属于乌苏里蝮患有肿瘤的国内首例报道,且为多器官并发。     

黑龙江省的蝮蛇资源及保护现状

通过2001～2005年对黑龙江省蝮蛇资源进行调查研究，确定黑龙江省的蝮蛇为乌苏里蝮（Gloydiusussuriensis）、岩栖蝮（G．saxatilis）和中介蝮（G．intermedius）三种，主要分布在大、小兴安岭及东部山地。其中乌苏里蝮为广布种，种群数量居多；岩栖蝮主要分布在黑龙江省南部，数量较多；中介蝮主要分布在黑龙江省北部，种群数量较少，且与岩栖蝮存在地理隔离。同时对黑龙江省蝮蛇的保护现状和影响种群增长的因素进行分析，提出种群管理和合理利用的意见。     

4种毒蛇血细胞的比较研究

为了研究尖吻蝮(Deinagkistradon aultus)、短尾蝮(Gloydius brevicaudus)、竹叶青(Trimeresurus stejnegeri)和银环蛇(Bungarus multicinctus)血细胞的形态学特征,试验采用wright染色法对4种蛇类的血细胞染色,用lieca显微镜拍照、测量、计数,采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果表明:4种蛇的红细胞差异显著(P0.05),白细胞间差异不显著(P0.05),各种类的嗜中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞含量都很丰富,而嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的含量少,在短尾腹、银环蛇中未观察到嗜酸性粒细胞;尖吻蝮的血栓细胞最大且与其他3种蛇相比差异显著(P0.05)。     

贵州白香猪与3种杂交猪脏器系数及血液生理指标比较

试验对贵州白香猪及贵州白香猪与大约克猪、杜洛克猪、长白猪3种杂交猪的体重、脏器系数和血液生理指标进行了比较。结果显示,贵州白香猪体重极显著低于3种杂交猪（P＜0.01）;贵州白香猪的脏器指标除心脏外与3种杂交猪均存在差异;贵州白香猪红细胞总数(RBC)和红细胞压积(HCT)极显著高于大约克猪×香猪（YX）（P＜0.01）;贵州白香猪的平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、白细胞中淋巴细胞数量(LYM)、白细胞中淋巴细胞比率(LYM,%)及白细胞中中性粒细胞比率(GRA,%)与长白猪×香猪（LX）间存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。     

乌苏里蝮生殖系统的形态结构和发育的初步研究

乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussurensis)是东北地区常见毒蛇,其蛇毒具有一定药用价值,人工驯养繁殖技术在东北地区正处于积极探索之中。结合前人对乌苏里蝮繁殖周期和无冬眠饲养的研究,本研究通过生理解剖学和统计学方法,将乌苏里蝮的性成熟个体体长从460 mm推前至约424 mm,并发现体长与臭腺、卵巢大小及半阴茎收缩态长度均呈显著的正相关关系。同时还探究了乌苏里蝮在尾长和臭腺等方面的两性差异,推断其与繁殖行为有关。     

乌苏里蝮蛇无冬眠和冬眠饲养的生长发育规律

为了解乌苏里蝮蛇在无冬眠和冬眠饲养条件下的生长发育状况,将乌苏里蝮蛇采用随机抽样法进行分组,冬眠组环境温度3~7℃,相对湿度30%~50%,无冬眠组人工控制环境温度21.5~24.5℃,相对湿度45%~70%,并提供正常的食物和水源,同时测量每组体重、体长和肥满度的变化量并进行统计学分析。结果表明:雄性乌苏里蝮蛇无冬眠组和冬眠组体重、体长、肥满度比较差异极显著(P<0.01);雌性乌苏里蝮蛇无冬眠组和冬眠组体重、体长、肥满度比较差异极显著(P<0.01);雄性乌苏里蝮蛇无冬眠组和雌性乌苏里蝮蛇无冬眠组体重、体长比较差异显著(P<0.05)。     

成年盘羊血液生理生化指标的测定

为了解和掌握盘羊的血液生理生化指标,利用动物全自动血细胞分析仪和半自动生化分析仪对6只盘羊的血液生理生化指标进行了测定,并与同等条件下饲养的家养绵羊的测定结果进行了比较。结果显示,盘羊的淋巴细胞比率、红细胞总数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞平均体积、谷丙转氨酶、钙、钾、钠的含量显著高于家养绵羊,差异极显著(P0.01);淋巴细胞、红细胞分布宽度SD、血小板分布宽度、血糖高于家养绵羊,差异显著(P0.05);粒细胞、粒细胞比率、中间细胞、中间细胞比率、直接胆红素、氯的含量显著低于家养绵羊,差异极显著(P0.01);总胆红素的含量低于家养绵羊,差异显著(P0.05)。本试验的测定结果反映了盘羊的生理机能特性,初步建立了盘羊的血液生理生化指标的参考值,为今后加强盘羊的饲养管理、疾病诊断及杂交繁育研究提供了参考依据。     

德系西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛及其杂种后代血液生理生化指标的比较分析

为探究德系西门塔尔牛、荷斯坦牛及其杂交后代血液生理生化指标状况及差异,选择5月龄、体重150~200 kg的健康公牛15头,其中荷斯坦公牛、西×荷杂种一代公牛(简称西荷杂种牛)、德系西门塔尔公牛各5头,育肥372 d后屠宰测定其各项血液生理生化指标。结果显示:德系西门塔尔牛红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积均显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),白细胞、中性细胞数、中性细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞比率处于居中水平;荷斯坦牛白细胞、红细胞平均体积均显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),中性细胞数、中性细胞比率极显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),嗜碱性粒细胞比率则极显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.01);西荷杂种牛白细胞、游离甲状腺素、皮质醇均显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.05),淋巴细胞数、淋巴细胞比率、嗜酸性粒细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞数、嗜碱性粒细胞比率均极显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.01),血小板压积显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05)。在血液生化指标方面,荷斯坦牛血清钾离子显著低于其他两组牛(P<0.05),德系西门塔尔牛游离甲状腺素浓度显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),荷斯坦牛皮质醇浓度显著高于其他两组牛(P<0.05),其他血液生理生化指标在3组间比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上说明,西荷杂种牛抗病力和抗逆性较强,德系西门塔尔牛代谢旺盛,环境适应性强。     

复方党参对乌苏里貉生长性能的影响

为了验证复方党参对乌苏里貉的促生长作用,笔者对饲喂复方党参的试验貉进行生长性能的测定,并与空白对照组对比分析。结果表明:乌苏里貉应用复方党参后,貉的体重明显增加,差异显著(P0.05);皮张长度明显增加,差异极显著(P0.01);针毛、绒毛长度均有所增加;貉血液中的白细胞、红细胞和淋巴细胞数量有升高的趋势,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。可见,复方党参可显著增加貉的体重,提高貉的皮张长度。     

圈养环尾狐猴血常规两种检测方法的比较应用

血液生理指标的测定可以为动物的饲养繁殖及健康状况提供一定的科学依据。空腹采集上海动物园圈养健康环尾狐猴(Lemur catta)的血液样本,分别用人工镜检法和全自动血液分析仪测定7项血液生理参数,对检验结果进行分析,并得出这些常规指标的变动范围和最佳的检测方法,以实现对环尾狐猴血常规的快速准确分析。结果显示,两种检验方法获得的结果中白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比率、淋巴细胞比率差异不显著(P0.05),红细胞计数、单核细胞比率、嗜碱性粒细胞比率、嗜酸性粒细胞比率差异显著(P0.05);白细胞计数(r=0.971)、单核细胞比率(r=0.887)、淋巴细胞比率(r=0.967)、中性粒细胞比率(r=0.879)应用两种方法获得的结果相关性较好;红细胞计数(r=0.493)、嗜酸性粒细胞比率(r=0.256)的相关系数都较低,且P值接近或大于0.05,呈弱相关或极弱相关。针对环尾狐猴的血液生理指标检测,仪器检验在某些方面具有稳定、快速的特点,但考虑野生动物细胞的特殊性,应与人工镜检结合,以提高检验结果的准确性。     

缺锌对雏鸭免疫功能影响的研究

1日龄天府肉鸭 10 0只分为 2组 ,喂以缺锌 (Zn 2 2 9mg)和对照 (Zn 10 0mg)日粮 7周 ,观察缺锌对免疫功能的影响。缺锌组免疫器官的绝对重量、生长指数和淋巴细胞生长周期以及外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE+阳性率、血清免疫球蛋白含量和红细胞C3b受体花环、免疫复合物花环率显著降低 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;病理组织学观察 ,免疫器官淋巴细胞显著减少并呈退行性变 ,网状细胞变性坏死 ,电镜下淋巴细胞胞核固缩或溶解 ,细胞器消失 ,网状细胞粗面内质网扩张 ,线粒体肿胀 ,出现大小不等的溶酶体、吞噬体和自噬体。结果表明 ,缺锌严重抑制免疫器官生长发育和外周血T淋巴细胞活化 ,显著降低血清免疫球蛋白含量和红细胞免疫功能 ,并对免疫器官造成明显的病理损伤 ,导致免疫功能下降。     

Use of flow cytometry for determination of differential leukocyte counts in bovine blood

A flow cytometric method was developed to perform differential leukocyte counts on bovine blood. Blood specimens from 50 healthy Holstein cows were analyzed by use of a flow cytometer. The method entailed diluting blood with phosphate-buffered, hypotonic saline solution containing acridine orange, and performing a step-wise, 3-parameter analysis on the bases of cell size, cellular granularity, and granulocyte fluorescence. Initially, proportions of monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes were determined by creating appropriate windows on dot plots of cell size (determined by forward light scatter) vs cellular granularity (determined by the logarithm of side light scatter). Eosinophils were resolved by analysis of granulocytes as dot plots of logarithms of green vs red fluorescence ascribed to acridine orange. Proportions of eosinophils and neutrophils were computed from data so generated. Microclumps of platelets spuriously affected counts of some granulocytes, particularly eosinophils. Differential leukocyte counts determined by flow cytometry generally compared favorably with those obtained by use of the conventional microscopic method, using Wright-stained blood films. Mean neutrophil and eosinophil counts determined by the 2 methods did not differ significantly, but lymphocyte counts determined by flow cytometry were significantly higher than those determined by microscopy (P less than 0.01). Correlation coefficients for counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes determined by the 2 methods ranged from 0.519 to 0.833. Correlation between monocyte counts was low (r = 0.147), although mean monocyte counts determined by the 2 methods did not differ significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Cutaneous and pulmonary mycosis in green anacondas (Euncectes murinus).

Two dead, captive green anacondas (Eunectes murinus), including one male and one female, submitted for necropsy were in poor body condition, having multiple, scattered, dark red foci on the scales and mottled lungs. Both snakes had severe mycotic dermatitis. In addition, the male snake had mycotic stomatitis, and the female snake had mycotic pneumonia. Trichophyton sp., Verticillium sp., and Alternaria sp. were isolated from the dermal lesions. The pulmonary lesions were morphologically consistent with Aspergillus sp. Bacterial organisms isolated from skin and internal organs included Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Providencia rettgeri. Mycotic diseases can be devastating to reptiles, and suboptimal husbandry and captivity were likely the predisposing factors that led to opportunistic invasion in these snakes.     

Immunophenotypic evaluation of working Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherd dogs living in the same environment

Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to compare peripheral blood lymphocyte subset distribution between healthy working police Labrador Retrievers (LRs; n=12) and German Shepherd dogs (GS; n=11) living in the same environment. The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in LR than in GS because of the lower percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes in LR. GS showed the highest relative percentage of CD3-/CD21- lymphocytes, whereas LR had the highest percentages of MHC II+ lymphocytes. Because age, sex, environmental and housing conditions, dietary patterns, and training or working routines were similar in both breeds in the study, differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte subset distribution could be attributed to the influence of breed on the immune system.     

Thromboelastography in healthy, sick non-septic and septic neonatal foals

Objectives To evaluate citrated recalcified thromboelastography (TEG) in healthy newborn foals, and to determine intra‐assay, inter‐individual and intra‐individual (at 12 h, 24 h and 7 days after birth) variations. Additionally, to compare TEG variables, haematological values and conventional coagulation profiles from healthy, sick non‐septic, and septic foals. Design Prospective study. Methods The study group comprised 18 healthy, 15 sick non‐septic and 17 septic foals. Two citrated (3.2%; 1 : 9 anticoagulant : blood ratio) blood samples were submitted for haemostatic evaluation using a TEG analyser and conventional coagulation profile. TEG values (R time (R), K time (K), angle (α), maximum amplitude (MA) and G value (G)), complete blood count (CBC) and conventional coagulation profile (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration (Fib) and antithrombin (AT)) were evaluated. Signalment, presenting complaint, sepsis scores, blood culture results and outcome were taken from the medical records of the sick foals. Results Mean values ± SD for TEG variables in healthy neonatal foals were: R = 11.82 ± 5.35 min, K = 3.06 ± 1.34 min, α= 51.19 ± 12.66 degrees, MA = 55.06 ± 6.67 mm and G = 6361 ± 1700 dyn/cm². Mean coefficients of variation for intra‐assay/inter‐individual/intra‐individual in healthy foals were: R = 3.5/45.2/43.1%; K = 5.3/58.7/28.7%; α= 1.5/24.7/11.9%; MA = 0.3/12.1/6.1%; G = 1.6/26.7/14.7%. Septic foals had significantly greater α, MA and G values than sick non‐septic foals, and significantly greater MA and G than healthy foals, changes that are consistent with hypercoagulability. Weak correlations were detected between TEG variables and haematological or haemostatic values. Conclusions TEG could be used to provide additional information about the haemostatic system in equine neonates.     

内蒙古地区健康及患阴道蝇蛆病双峰驼的主要血液指标比较分析

旨在了解内蒙古地区健康及患阴道蝇蛆病双峰驼的主要血液指标之间的差异。从内蒙古阿拉善左旗等地采集健康及患阴道蝇蛆病双峰驼血液样本107份,采用瑞氏染色法和吉姆萨染色法对制备的血液涂片进行染色,观察并比较健康及患病双峰驼血液的红细胞与白细胞的形态特征;利用血液细胞分析仪测定血液样本的血细胞含量,并对相同及不同地区的健康及患病双峰驼的主要血常规指标进行统计学分析;应用比值方法估计血液样本的血浆含量。结果表明,患病驼血液中的嗜碱性粒细胞含量较少,嗜酸性粒细胞含量较多,且血小板含量较健康驼多;来自相同地区的患病驼与健康驼的各种血细胞含量无显著差异（P〉0.05）;不同地区的健康驼血细胞含量趋于平稳,但不同地区的患病驼血细胞含量变化存在较大波动;双峰驼的血浆含量为0.349 0-0.736 5,患阴道蝇蛆病的双峰驼血浆含量普遍高于健康双峰驼。     

Haematology of clinically normal and sick captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

A retrospective analysis of haematological values from clinically normal captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) showed that the red cell count, haemoglobin level, packed cell volume and lymphocyte count were higher and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and eosinophil count were lower in juveniles than in adults. Newborn animals were anaemic compared with juveniles and adults and had high reticulocyte counts. The values from healthy reindeer were used to identify abnormal haematological variations in a number of sick animals. It was shown that reindeer exhibit similar haemopathological responses to those of other artiodactyla, with increases in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen level being of particular diagnostic significance. Eosinophilia was the only abnormal haematological finding in individuals with subclinical infections of intestinal parasites.     

Guinea pig erythrocyte rosette formation as a nonspecific cell surface receptor assay in the cat

The specificity of guinea pig erythrocyte (GPE) rosettes for feline peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. Of the GPE rosette-positive cells from peripheral blood, 54% were monocytes, 29% were granulocytes, and only 17% were lymphocytes. Results were similar for rosettes incubated at 4 C and those incubated at 37 C. Mononuclear cells separated with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica formed fewer monocyte rosettes (49%) and more granulocyte rosettes (34%) than did cells separated with sodium diatrizoate-Ficoll (60% monocyte rosettes and 18% granulocyte rosettes), whereas the percentage of lymphocyte rosettes was similar for both media. Mononuclear cells suspended in Eagle's minimum essential medium had a higher percentage of monocyte rosettes (75%) and a lower percentage of granulocyte rosettes (12%) than did cells suspended in RPMI 1640 medium (59% monocyte rosettes and 27% granulocyte rosettes). The percentage of lymphocyte rosettes was similar in the 2 media. Two sequential 45-minute plastic adherent cell depletions decreased monocyte rosettes to 51% and increased lymphocyte rosettes to 23% compared with 63% monocyte rosettes and 12% lymphocyte rosettes before adherent cell depletion. The granulocyte rosettes were unchanged by plastic adherent cell depletion. The percentage of rosette-positive cells (9%) was not significantly affected by incubation at 4 C or 37 C, cell separation with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica or lymphocyte separation medium, or suspension in Eagle's minimum essential medium or RPMI 1640 medium. Plastic adherent cell depletion decreased the percentage of rosette-positive cells. Feline thymocytes were 38% to 80% GPE rosette-positive and a feline leukemia virus-infected lymphoblastic cell line (F422) was 88% GPE rosette-positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞和NK细胞活性研究

应用红细胞促淋巴细胞转化和促NK细胞活性试验,对不同生理发育时期日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞和NK细胞活性进行研究。结果表明：青年组日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞能力明显高于幼年兔和老年兔（P〈0．01）;老年组红细胞调控NK活性能力明显高于青年组和幼年组（P〈0．01）,青年组高于幼年组（P〈0．01）。日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞能力在青年时期达到了高峰．随后逐渐降低：而红细胞调控NK活性随年龄增长而显著增强,这提示老年兔的免疫活性细胞较多地处于预激活状态,并对刺激显示良好的免疫应答能力。