柚子皮保健果冻的研制

研究了柚子皮制作保健果冻的配方及工艺,得到最佳配方为:复配胶(m卡拉胶:m魔芋胶=4:1)1.4%,阿斯巴甜0.5%,黄色外皮滤液(m:m=1:3)3%,白色精细果皮浆液(m:m=1:3)30%,山梨酸钾0.5g/kg。果皮水果皮水     

平和县水土流失区栽植蜜柚效益评价

简要介绍平和县水土流失情况,根据蜜柚适应性强的生态特征,在流失地普遍栽植蜜柚,做了如下评价:广泛栽植蜜柚,减少水土流失;森林景观变化显著,提高生态效益;蜜柚主果迅速发展,农民步入小康。     

Determination of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel extract bio‐active substances and its application in Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) diet: Growth,haemato‐biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology

In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of grapefruit peel extract (GPE) were equal to 117.3 ± 0.3 µg of gallic acid/mg and 39.30 ± 0.1 µg of quercetin/mg respectively. Caspian white fish (n = 180, 4 ± 0.9 g body weight) was fed with supplemented diets, including 0, 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg of GPE/kg for 60 days at 25 ± 1°C. The growth performance was markedly improved in fish fed with 25 mg/kg of GPE compared to others (p < 0.05). Moreover, fish fed with 25 mg/kg of GPE showed a significant increase in red blood cell (2.65·10⁶ cell/mm³), white blood cell (17.75·10³ cell/mm³), packed cell volume (48%) and haemoglobin concentrations (8.75 g/dl) compared to the control (p < 0.05). However, the highest alanine aminotransferase (140 U/L), alanine transaminase (14.5 U/L), and alkaline phosphatase (18.5 U/L) were observed in control group. Morphological analysis of intestine revealed the highest amount of villus width (8.4 µM), height (32.86 µM) and surface area (342.7 µM²) in fish fed with 25 mg/kg of GPE (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing feed with GPE at 25 g/kg can improve growth performance and haemato‐biochemical parameters of Caspian white fish fry.     

引进葡萄柚品种基因资源的AFLP分析

采用AFLP分子标记技术,对引进的9个葡萄柚品种基因资源进行分析,评价引进资源的遗传多样性,揭示遗传结构和品种间亲缘关系,为引进葡萄柚品种的进一步开发利用和遗传改良提供基础信息。结果表明,筛选出的7对引物共扩增出263条带,多态带比率为7.22%。多态性标记百分率、观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数在物种水平分别为7.22%、0.023 4、0.008 0、0.6592和0.258 5,而在品种水平它们分别为2.41%、1.024 1、1.013 2、0.008 0和0.012 2。基因分化系数Gst为0.659,表明葡萄柚的遗传差异主要来自于品种之间。9个品种间的遗传距离变幅在0.000 5~0.037 1之间,平均为0.025 8。基于UPGMA的聚类结果将9个品种分为2组,火焰、矮化、亨路比、哈路比、帕利斯和瑞路比聚为一组,里德马叙、里约红和星路比构成另一组。     

引进葡萄柚营养状况与果实品质的相关性

为给果园进行科学、合理培肥提供参考依据,以葡萄柚的9个品种为试材,主要对葡萄柚试验园土壤矿质元素有效性、果实内矿质元素含量、果实内矿质元素间相关关系及果实内矿质元素含量对果实糖、酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量的影响等方面进行了研究。结果表明,本试验园葡萄柚各品种种植区的土壤养分含量较均匀,无明显差异;葡萄柚果实N、K、Ca、Mg、Mn元素的含量较低,均有不同程度的缺乏状态;Fe元素的含量适宜;P元素的含量偏高;对葡萄柚9个品种的果实品质进行了综合评价,结果表明,火焰、亨路比和哈路比品种品质表现较好,而帕利斯品种品质表现较差;葡萄柚果实中矿质元素含量与果实内含物的相关性表现在:总糖与N、P、K、Ca、Zn含量呈极显著正相关,酸含量与N含量呈极显著负相关,Vc含量与P、K、Ca、Zn含量呈极显著正相关,可溶性固形物含量与果实内Ca、Zn含量呈显著正相关。     

基于IFSSD卷积神经网络的柚子采摘目标检测模型

为了解决柚子采摘时传统水果检测模型对于小目标柚子漏检和将叶子误检为膨大期柚子的问题,设计了一种改进的特征融合单镜头检测器(Inception V3-feature fusion single shot-multibox detector,IFSSD)。该检测器以特征融合单发多盒探测器(Feature fusion single shot-multibox detector,FSSD)为基础检测器,以改进的Inception V3网络作为骨干网络代替超深度卷积神经网络(Very deep convolutional networks 16,VGG16),从而提高了计算效率,同时使用Focal Loss损失函数代替Multibox Loss损失函数,进而改善了由于正负样本不平衡导致的检测器误检情况。对测试数据集进行检测,结果表明,该模型的检测准确率为93. 7%(IoU大于0. 5),在单个NVIDIA RTX 2060 GPU上每幅图像检测时间为29 s。本文模型可以实现树上柚子的自动检测。     

引进美国葡萄柚果实营养分析

以云南省普文县生长的9个葡萄柚品种的果实为试材,主要对果实的性状和综合营养品质进行分析,结果表明,不同品种的单果重、可食率、总糖、含酸量、可溶性固形物、Vc和含汁量的差异明显,其变幅依次为301．30～366．42g、62．58％～71．11％、3．26％～5．34％、0．92％～1．32％、6．42％～8．86％、20．84～26．71mg／100g、53．4％～70．3％,其他性状差异不明显。综合营养品质较好的品种是里约红,哈路比、帕利斯、里德马叙,营养品质较差的是矮化。     

Induction of Resistance to Penicillium digitatum in Grapefruit by β-Aminobutyric Acid

-Aminobutyric acid (BABA), an inducer of pathogen resistance in plants, induced disease resistance in reproductive parts of the plant, such as grapefruit peel tissue. Application of BABA to specific wound sites on the fruit peel surface induced resistance to Penicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit, in a concentration-dependent manner, being most effective at 20mM, and rather less effective at either higher or lower concentrations. The effect of BABA in inducing resistance to P. digitatum in the fruit peel surface was local and limited to the vicinity (within 1–2cm) of the BABA-treated site. In addition to inducing pathogen resistance, increasing concentrations of BABA (from 1 to 100mM) also exhibited direct antifungal activity and inhibited P. digitatum spore germination and germ tube elongation in vitro. The induction of resistance to P. digitatum by BABA was accompanied by the activation of various pathogen defense responses in grapefruit peel tissue, including activation of chitinase gene expression and protein accumulation after 48h, and an increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity after 72h.     

葡萄柚籽提取物和聚乙烯包装处理 对香椿贮藏期微生物变化的影响

基于香椿因采摘期短、季节性强和极易腐烂变质等问题,以二茬香椿为原料,采用不同浓度的葡萄柚籽提取物(GSE)和聚乙烯(PE)包装对其进行保鲜处理,测定其贮藏期间的菌落总数、霉菌酵母菌数及细菌和真菌的生物多样性.结果表明,0.5％GSE结合PE保鲜膜处理组能够有效地抑制菌落总数以及霉菌酵母菌数的增长;优势细菌门为蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),优势细菌属为产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)和红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter);优势真菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),优势真菌属为短梗霉属(Aureobasidium)和斯宾塞马丁氏孢菌属(Spencermartinsia).香农指数和主成分分析结果表明,0.5％GSE结合PE保鲜膜处理组的细菌和真菌生物多样性最低,微生物群落更加稳定.     

葡萄柚酵母菌的分离鉴定及对青霉属致病菌的抑菌效果研究

对葡萄柚的果实、叶片、根际土壤进行酵母菌的分离、鉴定,通过体外、体内抑菌实验,筛选对葡萄柚青霉属致病菌最佳抑菌效果的拮抗酵母菌。通过形态特征和ITS、LSU序列分析,对分离于健康葡萄柚果实、叶片和根际土壤的供试菌株进行鉴定。通过体外抑菌实验,筛选出对青霉属病原菌有较好抑菌效果的拮抗酵母菌,并对其进行体内回接实验,检验其对病原菌的防治效果。结果从样品中分离得到5株酵母菌,其中2株(YY(1)、YY(2))分离于葡萄柚叶片,3株(nf(1)、nf(2)、nf(3))分离于葡萄柚果实,经鉴定分别为：YY(1)(Pseudozyma fusiformata)、YY(2)(Meira nashicola)、nf(1)(Moesziomyces antarcticus)、nf(2)(Meira nashicola)、nf(3)(Kwoniella mangroviensis)。体外抑菌实验表明YY(1)和nf(1)对病原菌JJ-1和YZ-3均有较好的抑菌效果,在第8d时,YY(1)对JJ-1和YZ-3抑菌率分别为55.2%和59%,nf(1)对JJ-1和YZ-3抑菌率分别为16.7%和26.63%。体内实验结果表明,果实接种96h小时,YY(1)对病原菌JJ-1和YZ-3的发病率均为12.5%,病斑抑制率分别为96%和93%;nf(1)对病原菌JJ-1和YZ-3的发病率均为25%,对发病果实病斑抑制率分别为66%和91%。试验表明,拮抗酵母菌YY(1)和nf(1)可以不同程度的降低果实的发病率,抑制果实的病斑直径。拮抗酵母菌YY(1)和nf(1)对病原菌JJ-1、YZ-3的抑菌效果较好。其中,拮抗酵母菌YY(1)对青霉属致腐菌JJ-1、YZ-3的抑菌效果最好,nf(1)次之。