A genetic study of popping quality in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Summary Two crosses of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (IS 1054 × ICSV-1, and IS 5604 × IS 1054) were evaluated in parental, F1, F2, and backcross generations for the variation in their popping quality as measured by pop volume (ml). Dominance was in the direction of low pop volume. Dominance and additive gene effects, in that order, governed most of the variation, while significant dominance x dominance type of interaction effects could also be detected. There was no evidence for higher order gene interactions.Approved as Journal Article 630 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, P.O. 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.     

小麦—天蓝偃麦草—羊草三属杂种回交世代中几个主要性状的遗传表现

采用普通小麦与天蓝偃麦草属间远缘杂种后代八倍体小偃麦（ＡＡＢＢＤＤＥＥ）为母本，与羊草（滨麦草属）杂交，获得三属杂种后，再用普通小麦回交２￣３次，并对三属杂种以及回交世代中几个主要性状的遗传表现进行了研究，结果表明：①三属杂种Ｆ１的不育性，采用普通小麦通过回交可得到克服，并且随着回交次数的增加，结实率逐步提高；②回交后代有明显的超矮亲遗传现象；③天蓝偃麦草与羊草的抗病、大穗、多花多实等性状可直接传     

Half-sib progeny evaluation and selection of potatoes resistant to the US8 genotype of Phytophthora infestans from crosses between resistant and susceptible parents

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) resistant parents in cultivar development and identify superior clones possessing moderate to high late blight resistance combined with acceptable maturity and tuber quality. Ninety-five crosses were made between eight unadapted parents with reported late blight resistance (B0718-3, Bertita, Bzura, Greta, Libertas, Stobrawa, Tollocan and Zarevo) and susceptible parents (cultivars or advanced breeding clones) adapted to North American growing conditions. A total of 408 field selected clones were assessed for late blight resistance in the greenhouse and in the field using a mixture of US8 P. infestans isolates (A2 mating type, metalaxyl resistant) that overcame all known R-genes except R8 and R9. Clones with ≤ 10% infected foliar area in the greenhouse test or ≤ 0.30 RAUDPC (relative area under the disease progress curve) value in the field in 1998 were re-tested in 1999. A total of 118 (29% of 408) putative late blight resistant clones were selected. The eight late blight resistant parents differed in both the ability to transmit late blight resistance and in the level of resistance transmitted to the progeny. The Tollocan and B0718-3 families (half-sib progeny) had the greatest degree of resistance and frequency of resistant clones. Scott-Knott cluster analysis ranked 79 clones (67% of 118) in the high and moderate late blight resistant groups. Among these 79 clones, 19 clones had vine maturity equal to or earlier than mid-season combined with acceptable tuber quality. Further selection in 2000 resulted in eight advanced selected clones (six from Tollocan and two from B0718-3 families) with the same level of resistance as the parent combined with vine maturity and tuber quality equivalent to Atlantic, a standard cultivar for chip processing in North America. The results indicate that this breeding approach can be used to select parents for late blight resistance breeding and to identify superior clones with high levels of late blight resistance and marketable vine maturity and tuber quality. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

聚光太阳能温差发电装置性能分析与试验

为提高太阳能温差发电装置的热电转换效率,该文设计聚光太阳能温差发电装置,利用槽式抛物面反射聚光镜进行聚光,经集热体转换为热能后提高温差发电器(thermoelectric generator,TEG)热端温度,冷端采用扁平热管作为传热元件,利用水冷散热,增大TEG冷热端温差,提高装置输出功率及热电转换效率。对装置建立能量转换平衡方程,通过数值计算分析不同太阳辐射强度对热损失、光热转换效率及热电转换效率的影响。为解决多个热电模块串联在一起,无法使每个模块都工作在最大功率输出状态,从而导致整体输出功率降低的问题,采用集中-分布混合式最大功率跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT),试验结果表明,经过MPPT后装置能很快达到最大功率输出点,且输出功率稳定,运行30 min输出功率增加3.2 W。搭建了装置的性能测试平台,对基于槽式抛物面反射聚光与扁平热管水冷散热的聚光太阳能温差发电装置进行试验研究,结果表明,随着冷却水流量的增加装置输出功率得到提高,当冷却水流量达到8 L/min后,输出功率趋于平缓;随着温差的增大装置的最佳匹配负载逐渐增加。装置的全天性能试验表明,试验期间装置最大输出功率为30.1 W,平均输出功率27.8 W,试验期间发出电量222.4 W·h,热电转换效率最大为5.4%,装置最大效率4.1%,该装置在远程传感器供电和微功耗供电等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

BP神经网络在不同植被产流产沙分析中的应用

以甘肃省西峰市南小河沟小流域径流场为研究对象，利用BP神经网络对4种植被类型的径流小区（农田、林地、人工草地和天然荒坡）进行了产流产沙量模拟和预测。其模拟产流量的相对误差分别为0．2％～5．7％，0．1％～2．5％，0．7％～2.9％和0．1％～3％；模拟产沙量的相对误差分别为0．1％～3．2％，0．2％～3．1％，0．6％～4．2％和0．2％～2．7％。预测农地、林地、草地和天然荒坡产沙量最大相对误差分别为-11％，14％，-14．6％，18％，产流量最大相对误差分别为10．9％，27．3％，15％，26．3％。结果表明，BP神经网络预测产流产沙的效果较好，对径流小区运用神经网络进行蓄水拦沙指标分析是可行的。     

莲花湖库区几种主要林型水文功能的分析和评价

对莲花湖库区流域人工林主要林型的降水截持效益、林地和荒草地枯落物层持水性能、土壤层物理性状及其蓄水效益进行了研究。结果表明：红松人工林、落叶松人工林和杂木林林冠截留率分别为34.83%,13.05%,19.61%,树干茎流率分别为6.79%,0.58%,4.01%,穿透率分别为58.37%,86.18%,77.66%。兴安落叶松林、红松林、杂木林和荒草地枯落物层最大持水率分别为278.2%,295.3%,260.3%,154.8%。莲花湖库区不同植被类型下枯落物持水能力为红松林最好,荒草地最差。各林型土壤最大蓄水量变化范围为1 838.6-2 186.3t/hm^2,依次为落叶松林〉杂木林〉红松林〉荒草地;从土层厚度来说,土壤入渗速率随土层厚度的下移表现出逐步降低的趋势,即空间特征表现出土层上部〉中部〉下部。以坡面径流观测场为观测手段,分析了4个径流小区产流产沙与降雨因子的相关关系,结果表明,场降雨产流量和产沙量与降雨量和雨强均呈良好的相关关系。     

人工植被坡面产流问题研究进展

随着山坡水文学的发展，人工植被坡面产流问题的研究在水文学领域中具有十分重要的意义，且受到越来越广泛的重视．分析了人工植被坡面径流的研究现状，并简要论述了坡面产流研究的若干成果及未来展望。     

鲤鱼父母本及F1代肌肉中主要营养成分的比较分析

对州河鲤、德国镜鲤及其F1代正交组和反交组鲤鱼肌肉中的主要营养成分进行了比较研究,旨在对杂交鲤的营养品质做出科学评估;分析用样品取自鲤鱼背部肌肉。结果表明:F1代正交组的水分含量显著高于两种亲本鲤鱼,而F1代反交组的水分含量显著高于F1代正交组;4种鲤鱼肌肉中的粗蛋白含量无显著性差异;两种亲本鲤鱼的脂肪含量显著高于F1代,两种F1代的脂肪含量无显著性差异;4种鲤鱼肌肉中的总灰分及钙、镁、锌、铁的平均含量均无显著性差异。研究结果显示,F1代杂交鲤基本保留了亲本鲤鱼的营养学优良性状。     

冷锋云系的多普勒雷达反射率因子特征总结

[目的]总结冷锋云系的多普勒雷达反射率因子特征。[方法]从反射率因子特征上来研究冷锋云系,利用2002～2007年哈尔滨新一代天气雷达资料,总结了冷锋云系的反射率因子特征。[结果]冷锋所产生的云总体上说呈带状,但其间云体有间隙,且强度分布不均匀;多数移动快的冷锋为长而窄的回波带,移动缓慢的冷锋或弱冷锋,则呈宽广的片状或片絮状回波;面积大的冷锋云系通过测站基本都可以分析出径向速度由西北风转为西南风;随着月份的不同,反射率因子特征也有很大的变化。在冬季,冷锋云表现为层状云,反射率因子特征非常弱,一般面积较大,呈片状,但结构松散,回波间有间隙,其中夹杂着几块比较强的回波;在冷锋两侧易产生强度大的对流单体回波,一般会随着整体云带移动,移速、移向基本一致;干冷锋移过时,易局地产生强对流,以对流云为主,回波面积较小,一般从径向速度图中分析不出风向转变,但单体的强度特征明显,一般有＂三体散射＂、＂旁瓣＂、＂弱回波区＂特征,具有超级单体的特征。[结论]该研究为多普勒雷达在黑龙江省监测灾害天气的应用上起到了积极作用。     

苏禽乌骨鸡产蛋性能综合选择效果

通过制定综合选择指数及选育方案,对新育成的苏禽乌骨鸡Ⅰ系和Ⅱ系产蛋性能(开产日龄、开产蛋质量、65周产蛋数、65周平均蛋质量)进行0-5世代的选育,统计每世代各项指标的数据,并利用直线回归方程计算世代增量,分析综合选育效果.结果表明:通过6个世代的选育,除开产蛋质量外其余各指标与世代均存在线性关系,回归方程拟合度较高(P<0.05,P<0.01),世代增量遗传稳定.因此,该选育方案及选择指数是可行的.